用C++打乱字符串列表



我试图打乱以下字符串列表:

list<string> l({"10000007", "1", "4", "5", "7", "12", "23", "25", "26", "27", "30", "31", "32", "44", "46", "47", "59", "65", "91"})

我所有的尝试都失败了。这是我最好的尝试之一。

尝试1

基本上,我从这个回答中复制了一个std::list<std::string>

#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
#include <iterator>
#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <list>
#include <vector>
#include <random>
#include <numeric>
int main() {
std::list<std::string> l({"10000007", "1", "4", "5", "7", "12", "23", "25", "26", "27", "30", "31", "32", "44", "46", "47", "59", "65", "91"});
std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<std::string>> v(l.cbegin(), l.cend());
std::random_device rd;
std::mt19937 generator(rd());
std::shuffle(v.begin(), v.end(), generator);
std::cout << "Original list:n";
std::copy(l.cbegin(), l.cend(), std::ostream_iterator<std::string>(std::cout, " "));
std::cout << "nShuffled view:n";
std::copy(v.cbegin(), v.cend(), std::ostream_iterator<std::string>(std::cout, " "));
}

我有这个错误跟踪:

In file included from /usr/include/c++/7/vector:62:0,
from /usr/include/c++/7/functional:61,
from prueba.cpp:2:
/usr/include/c++/7/bits/stl_construct.h: In instantiation of ‘void std::_Construct(_T1*, _Args&& ...) [with _T1 = std::reference_wrapper<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >; _Args = {const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&}]’:
/usr/include/c++/7/bits/stl_uninitialized.h:83:18:   required from ‘static _ForwardIterator std::__uninitialized_copy<_TrivialValueTypes>::__uninit_copy(_InputIterator, _InputIterator, _ForwardIterator) [with _InputIterator = std::_List_const_iterator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >; _ForwardIterator = std::reference_wrapper<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >*; bool _TrivialValueTypes = false]’
/usr/include/c++/7/bits/stl_uninitialized.h:134:15:   required from ‘_ForwardIterator std::uninitialized_copy(_InputIterator, _InputIterator, _ForwardIterator) [with _InputIterator = std::_List_const_iterator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >; _ForwardIterator = std::reference_wrapper<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >*]’
/usr/include/c++/7/bits/stl_uninitialized.h:289:37:   required from ‘_ForwardIterator std::__uninitialized_copy_a(_InputIterator, _InputIterator, _ForwardIterator, std::allocator<_Tp>&) [with _InputIterator = std::_List_const_iterator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >; _ForwardIterator = std::reference_wrapper<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >*; _Tp = std::reference_wrapper<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >]’
/usr/include/c++/7/bits/stl_vector.h:1331:33:   required from ‘void std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::_M_range_initialize(_ForwardIterator, _ForwardIterator, std::forward_iterator_tag) [with _ForwardIterator = std::_List_const_iterator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >; _Tp = std::reference_wrapper<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >; _Alloc = std::allocator<std::reference_wrapper<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> > >]’
/usr/include/c++/7/bits/stl_vector.h:1299:23:   required from ‘void std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::_M_initialize_dispatch(_InputIterator, _InputIterator, std::__false_type) [with _InputIterator = std::_List_const_iterator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >; _Tp = std::reference_wrapper<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >; _Alloc = std::allocator<std::reference_wrapper<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> > >]’
/usr/include/c++/7/bits/stl_vector.h:414:26:   required from ‘std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::vector(_InputIterator, _InputIterator, const allocator_type&) [with _InputIterator = std::_List_const_iterator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >; <template-parameter-2-2> = void; _Tp = std::reference_wrapper<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >; _Alloc = std::allocator<std::reference_wrapper<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> > >; std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::allocator_type = std::allocator<std::reference_wrapper<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> > >]’
prueba.cpp:13:76:   required from here
/usr/include/c++/7/bits/stl_construct.h:75:7: error: binding reference of type ‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>&’ to ‘const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>’ discards qualifiers
{ ::new(static_cast<void*>(__p)) _T1(std::forward<_Args>(__args)...); }
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/c++/7/bits/std_function.h:44:0,
from /usr/include/c++/7/functional:58,
from prueba.cpp:2:
/usr/include/c++/7/bits/refwrap.h:334:7: note:   initializing argument 1 of ‘std::reference_wrapper<_Tp>::reference_wrapper(_Tp&) [with _Tp = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>]’
reference_wrapper(_Tp& __indata) noexcept
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

我试图理解reference_wrapper在这个例子中做了什么,但没有成功。

其他尝试

我使用经典组合的所有尝试都失败了。。。其中random_engineshufflesrand具有数千行的跟踪误差。

为什么不转换为int

在我的原始代码中,有两个.json文件,json总是有字符串格式的键。我知道我可以将字符串列表转换为整数列表,但问题是我正在创建和算法,其中有:

  • 2000个列表
  • 算法中的2000次迭代
  • 每次迭代都必须进行多次转换(字符串到int,int到字符串…(

所以我认为这个选项在计算上会非常昂贵。

提前谢谢。

在这一行:

std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<std::string>> v(l.cbegin(), l.cend());

您正在使用const_iterators来构造向量,这会在从const std::string构造reference_wrapper<std::string>s时导致类型不匹配错误。

相反,您需要非常量迭代器,如以下所示:

std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<std::string>> v(l.begin(), l.end());

这是一个演示。

cbegin()成员函数返回一个const_iterator,当取消引用时返回一个const std::string&

vector的创建更改为:

std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<const std::string>> v(l.cbegin(), l.cend());

演示

我首先会质疑std::list的使用/需求。在这种情况下,您似乎只是在使用list来初始化vector。在这种情况下,您还不如直接初始化并使用vector

#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
#include <iterator>
#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <list>
#include <vector>
#include <random>
#include <numeric>
int main() {
std::vector<std::string> v({"10000007", "1", "4", "5", "7", "12", "23", "25", "26", "27", "30", "31", "32", "44", "46", "47", "59", "65", "91"});
std::random_device rd;
std::cout << "Original list:n";
std::copy(v.cbegin(), v.cend(), std::ostream_iterator<std::string>(std::cout, " "));
std::mt19937 generator(rd());
std::shuffle(v.begin(), v.end(), generator);
std::cout << "nShuffled view:n";
std::copy(v.cbegin(), v.cend(), std::ostream_iterator<std::string>(std::cout, " "));
std::cout << "n";    
}

如果你真的坚持使用列表,你可以去掉引用包装器,它就会起作用:

#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
#include <iterator>
#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <list>
#include <vector>
#include <random>
#include <numeric>
int main() {
std::list<std::string> l({"10000007", "1", "4", "5", "7", "12", "23", "25", "26", "27", "30", "31", "32", "44", "46", "47", "59", "65", "91"});
std::vector<std::string> v(l.cbegin(), l.cend());
std::random_device rd;
std::mt19937 generator(rd());
std::shuffle(v.begin(), v.end(), generator);
std::cout << "Original list:n";
std::copy(l.cbegin(), l.cend(), std::ostream_iterator<std::string>(std::cout, " "));
std::cout << "nShuffled view:n";
std::copy(v.cbegin(), v.cend(), std::ostream_iterator<std::string>(std::cout, " "));
}

但我认为这没有多大意义。

至于存储int与字符串的开销:只要你使用的是相对较新的编译器,因此它(库(对std::string的实现具有短字符串优化,两者之间可能没有太大区别。如果您(可能(需要支持一个缺乏短字符串优化的旧编译器,这将大大增加转换和存储int而不是存储字符串的可能性。

问题很简单:如果没有短字符串优化,每个字符串都将导致一个堆分配来存储实际数据。这种堆分配可能比转换为int和从int转换更慢(但您需要进行测试才能确定(。

对于那些真正关心速度的人来说,理想的方法可能是内存映射整个json文件,然后为您关心的值创建string_view对象。然后,您可以对string_view对象进行混洗,并根据需要将它们打印出来(或其他任何东西(——但所有这些对象都只包含指向原始数据的指针,因此您不会全部复制底层数据。

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