如何为 gRPC 启用服务器端 SSL

Question

gRPC新手，找不到任何关于如何在服务器端启用SSL的示例。 我使用 openssl 生成了一个密钥对，但它抱怨私钥无效。

D0608 16:18:31.390303 Grpc.Core.Internal.UnmanagedLibrary Attempting to load native library "...grpc_csharp_ext.dll"
D0608 16:18:31.424331 Grpc.Core.Internal.NativeExtension gRPC native library loaded successfully.
E0608 16:18:43.307324 0 ..srccorelibtsissl_transport_security.c:644: Invalid private key.
E0608 16:18:43.307824 0 ..srccorelibsecuritysecurity_connector.c:821: Handshaker factory creation failed with TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT.
E0608 16:18:43.307824 0 ..srccoreexttransportchttp2serversecureserver_secure_chttp2.c:188: Unable to create secure server with credentials of type Ssl.

这是我的代码

var keypair = new KeyCertificatePair(
            File.ReadAllText(@"root-ca.pem"),
            File.ReadAllText(@"ssl-private.key"));
SslServerCredentials creds = new SslServerCredentials(new List<KeyCertificatePair>() {keypair});
Server server = new Server
{
    Services = { GrpcTest.BindService(new GrpcTestImpl()) },
    Ports = { new ServerPort("127.0.0.1", Port, creds) }
};

Answer 1

这是我所做的。

使用 OpenSSL，使用以下方式生成证书：

@echo off
set OPENSSL_CONF=c:OpenSSL-Win64binopenssl.cfg   
echo Generate CA key:
openssl genrsa -passout pass:1111 -des3 -out ca.key 4096
echo Generate CA certificate:
openssl req -passin pass:1111 -new -x509 -days 365 -key ca.key -out ca.crt -subj  "/C=US/ST=CA/L=Cupertino/O=YourCompany/OU=YourApp/CN=MyRootCA"
echo Generate server key:
openssl genrsa -passout pass:1111 -des3 -out server.key 4096
echo Generate server signing request:
openssl req -passin pass:1111 -new -key server.key -out server.csr -subj  "/C=US/ST=CA/L=Cupertino/O=YourCompany/OU=YourApp/CN=%COMPUTERNAME%"
echo Self-sign server certificate:
openssl x509 -req -passin pass:1111 -days 365 -in server.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -set_serial 01 -out server.crt
echo Remove passphrase from server key:
openssl rsa -passin pass:1111 -in server.key -out server.key
echo Generate client key
openssl genrsa -passout pass:1111 -des3 -out client.key 4096
echo Generate client signing request:
openssl req -passin pass:1111 -new -key client.key -out client.csr -subj  "/C=US/ST=CA/L=Cupertino/O=YourCompany/OU=YourApp/CN=%CLIENT-COMPUTERNAME%"
echo Self-sign client certificate:
openssl x509 -passin pass:1111 -req -days 365 -in client.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -set_serial 01 -out client.crt
echo Remove passphrase from client key:
openssl rsa -passin pass:1111 -in client.key -out client.key

将密码 1111 更改为您喜欢的任何内容

服务器：

var cacert = File.ReadAllText(@"ca.crt");
var servercert = File.ReadAllText(@"server.crt");
var serverkey = File.ReadAllText(@"server.key");
var keypair = new KeyCertificatePair(servercert, serverkey);
var sslCredentials = new SslServerCredentials(new List<KeyCertificatePair>() { keypair }, cacert, false);
var server = new Server
{
    Services = { GrpcTest.BindService(new GrpcTestImpl(writeToDisk)) },
    Ports = { new ServerPort("0.0.0.0", 555, sslCredentials) }
};
server.Start();

客户：

var cacert = File.ReadAllText(@"ca.crt");
var clientcert = File.ReadAllText(@"client.crt");
var clientkey = File.ReadAllText(@"client.key");
var ssl = new SslCredentials(cacert, new KeyCertificatePair(clientcert, clientkey));
channel = new Channel("localhost", 555, ssl);
client = new GrpcTest.GrpcTestClient(channel);

如果"localhost"不起作用，请改用主机名。

Answer 2

如果证书颁发机构 （CA） 和证书签名请求 （CSR） 的使用对于您的任务来说过于复杂，则可以使用自签名证书。

假设有 1 台服务器和 2 个（或更多）客户端。

在客户端 1 处执行：

openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -nodes -keyout client.key -out client.crt -days 3650 -subj '/CN=client1' # generate client1 cert and key
sudo bash -c 'echo "192.168.1.101 my.server" >> /etc/hosts' # create domain for server - if necessary only
scp client.crt [e-mail]:/path/to/certs/client1.crt # copy public cert client1 to server machine

在客户端 2 处执行：

openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -nodes -keyout client.key -out client.crt -days 3650 -subj '/CN=client2' # generate client2 cert and key
sudo bash -c 'echo "192.168.1.101 my.server" >> /etc/hosts' # create domain for server- if necessary only
scp client.crt [e-mail]:/path/to/certs/client2.crt # copy public cert client2 to server machine

在服务器上执行：

openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -nodes -keyout server.key -out server.crt -days 3650 -subj '/CN=my.server' # generate server cert and key
scp server.crt client1-user@client1-addr:/path/to/certs # copy public cert server to client1 machine
scp server.crt client2-user@client2-addr:/path/to/certs # copy public cert server to client2 machine
cat client1.crt client2.crt > client.crt # combine client certs into the single file

服务器代码：

var clientCert = File.ReadAllText(Path.Combine(certPath, "client.crt"));
var serverCert = File.ReadAllText(Path.Combine(certPath, "server.crt"));
var serverKey = File.ReadAllText(Path.Combine(certPath, "server.key"));
var keyPair = new KeyCertificatePair(serverCert, serverKey);
var credentials = new SslServerCredentials(new List<KeyCertificatePair> { keyPair }, clientCert, true);
var server = new Server
{
    Services = { MyService.BindService(new MyAdminService()) },
    Ports = { new ServerPort("0.0.0.0", 54321, credentials) }
};

客户端代码：

var serverCert = File.ReadAllText(Path.Combine(_certPath, "server.crt"));
var clientCert = File.ReadAllText(Path.Combine(_certPath, "client.crt"));
var clientKey = File.ReadAllText(Path.Combine(_certPath, "client.key"));
var credentials = new SslCredentials(serverCert, new KeyCertificatePair(clientCert, clientKey));
var channel = new Channel("my.server:54321", credentials);    
var client = new MyService.MyServiceClient(channel);

重要！

要使用 TLS 证书，请在生成服务器证书时使用域名。

客户端证书可以使用任何唯一字符串。

域名应至少包含 1 个点 （.），例如 my.server或my.server.customzone

如果使用像 my-server 这样的顶级域，则会导致长时间等待才能解决它（对我来说，它总是大约 76 秒）。

优点：- 无需生成 CSR，将其传递给带有 CA 的计算机，在那里签名并复制回原始计算机

缺点：- 添加新客户端需要将证书添加到服务器

Answer 3

如果您

已经尝试了@qmo建议但仍然不起作用，并且您收到相同的错误，说"状态代码=不可用，详细信息="DNS 解析失败"我通过在主机文件中添加新记录来修复它（位于 C：\Windows\System32\drivers\etc for Windows）。

127.0.0.1 DESKTOP-QNCI7UN

其中 DESKTOP-QNCI7UN 是我的机器的名称。然后在我正在使用的客户端中：

channel = new Channel("DESKTOP-QNCI7UN", 50000, ssl);

通过使用"locahost"，它不起作用。因此，通过在客户端中使用计算机名称+在主机文件中添加记录来解决此问题。