Unicode-objects Array Python 3.7

Question

这是我的第二个Python项目（我没有经验），我似乎在为编码问题而苦苦挣扎。我相信存在在数组中的问题。我尝试了预先编码输入以及使用类似的分辨率的" 297AAE72"，但我在此处找到了.encode('utf-8')，但我遇到了相同的错误。

我相信这是一个哈希问题，这是由于正在构造的数组中的编码冲突。

这个文件是速度测试。

import hashlib
from hashlib import md5
import urllib.request, urllib.error, urllib.parse
import sys
from urllib.parse import parse_qs
import functions

ping = 16
accuracy = 8
server = functions.setup()

def speed_test(up, down):
    get_data = [
        'download=%s' % down,
        'ping=%s' % ping,
        'upload=%s' % up,
        'promo=',
        'startmode=%s' % 'pingselect',
        'recommendedserverid=%s' % server,
        'accuracy=%s' % 8,
        'serverid=%s' % server,
        'hash=%s' % md5('%s-%s-%s-%s' %
                        (ping, up, down, '297aae72') 
                        ).hexdigest()]
    request = urllib.request.Request('http://www.speedtest.net/api/api.php',
                              data='&'.join(get_data))
    request.add_header('Referer', 'http://c.speedtest.net/flash/speedtest.swf')
    connection = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
    response = connection.read()
    response_code = connection.code
    connection.close()
    if int(response_code) != 200:
        print('There was an issue submitting data')
        sys.exit(1)
    qs_args = parse_qs(response)
    result_id = qs_args.get('resultid')
    if not result_id or len(result_id) != 1:
        print('No speedtest image found?')
        sys.exit(1)
    print(('Speedtest Results: http://www.speedtest.net/result/%s.png' % result_id[0]))

down_input = input("Please enter your download speed (EX: 375.520): ")
down_input = down_input.replace(".", "")
up_input = input("Please enter your upload speed (EX: 375.520): ")
up_input = up_input.replace(".", "")
speed_test(up_input, down_input)

此文件是funcitons.py

import math
import urllib.request, urllib.error, urllib.parse
import os
import time
from xml.dom import minidom as DOM

def calculate_distance(origin, destination):
    lat1, lon1 = origin
    lat2, lon2 = destination
    radius = 6371  # km
    latitude = math.radians(lat2 - lat1)
    longitude = math.radians(lon2 - lon1)
    a = (math.sin(latitude / 2) * math.sin(latitude / 2) + math.cos(math.radians(lat1)) * math.cos(math.radians(lat2)) * math.sin(longitude / 2)
         * math.sin(longitude / 2))
    c = 2 * math.atan2(math.sqrt(a), math.sqrt(1 - a))
    destination = radius * c
    return destination

def get_closest_servers(client, complete=False):
    connection = urllib.request.urlopen('http://speedtest.net/speedtest-servers.php')
    server_xml = connection.read()
    if int(connection.code) != 200:
        return None
    connection.close()
    root = DOM.parseString(server_xml)
    servers = {}
    for server in root.getElementsByTagName('server'):
        attrib = dict(list(server.attributes.items()))
        d = calculate_distance([float(client['lat']), float(client['lon'])],
                               [float(attrib.get('lat')), float(attrib.get('lon'))])
        attrib['d'] = d
        if d not in servers:
            servers[d] = [attrib]
        else:
            servers[d].append(attrib)
    closest = []
    for d in sorted(servers.keys()):
        for s in servers[d]:
            closest.append(s)
            if len(closest) == 5 and not complete:
                break
        else:
            continue
        break
    del servers
    del root
    return closest

def get_best_server(servers):
    results = {}
    for server in servers:
        cum = 0
        url = os.path.dirname(server['url'])
        for i in range(0, 3):
            uh = urllib.request.urlopen('%s/latency.txt' % url)
            start = time.time()
            text = uh.read().strip()
            total = time.time() - start
            if int(uh.code) == 200 and text == 'test=test':
                cum += total
            else:
                cum += 3600
            uh.close()
        avg = round((cum / 3) * 1000000, 3)
        results[avg] = server
    fastest = sorted(results.keys())[0]
    best = results[fastest]
    best['latency'] = fastest
    return best

def get_config():
    uh = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.speedtest.net/speedtest-config.php')
    config_xml = uh.read()
    if int(uh.code) != 200:
        return None
    uh.close()
    root = DOM.parseString(config_xml)
    config = {
        'client': extract_tag_name(root, 'client'),
        'times': extract_tag_name(root, 'times'),
        'download': extract_tag_name(root, 'download'),
        'upload': extract_tag_name(root, 'upload')}
    del root
    return config

def extract_tag_name(dom, tag_name):
    elem = dom.getElementsByTagName(tag_name)[0]
    return dict(list(elem.attributes.items()))

def setup():
    print('Configuring server, one moment.')
    configs = get_config()
    closest_server = get_closest_servers(configs['client'])
    best = get_best_server(closest_server)
    return best['id']

这是我在执行应用程序时收到的错误。

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "speedtest.py", line 54, in <module>
    speed_test(up_input, down_input)
  File "speedtest.py", line 25, in speed_test
    (ping, up, down, '297aae72')
TypeError: Unicode-objects must be encoded before hashing

我在这里错过了什么吗？编码变量后，在我的情况下，错误没有变化。

感谢您提供的任何帮助。

Answer 1

这与" arrays"无关；当您定义 get_data时，您正在尝试在此操作时，您会感到困惑。实际上，问题是您致电md5()；正如错误所说，您无法将Unicode字符串传递给该字符串，您需要传递字节。因此，只需编码字符串：

hash = md5(('%s-%s-%s-%s' % (ping, up, down, '297aae72')).encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()