创建虚拟磁盘给出错误 87(参数不正确)

Question

在Windows 10上，尝试使用CreateVirtualDisk API创建虚拟磁盘失败并返回错误代码87。

完整的最小可重现示例。

program Project3;
{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}
{$R *.res}
uses
System.SysUtils,
Winapi.Windows;
type
// Identifiers for virtual storage types and providers
VIRTUAL_STORAGE_TYPE = record
DeviceId: ULONG;  // VIRTUAL_STORAGE_TYPE_DEVICE_xxx
VendorId: TGUID;  // VIRTUAL_STORAGE_TYPE_VENDOR_xxx
end;
PVIRTUAL_STORAGE_TYPE = ^VIRTUAL_STORAGE_TYPE;
const
VIRTUAL_STORAGE_TYPE_VENDOR_MICROSOFT: TGUID = '{EC984AEC-A0F9-47e9-901F-71415A66345B}';
VIRTUAL_STORAGE_TYPE_VENDOR_UNKNOWN:   TGUID = '{00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000}';
type
// Version definitions
CREATE_VIRTUAL_DISK_VERSION = (
CREATE_VIRTUAL_DISK_VERSION_UNSPECIFIED = 0,
CREATE_VIRTUAL_DISK_VERSION_1           = 1
);
// Versioned CreateVirtualDisk parameter structure
CREATE_VIRTUAL_DISK_PARAMETERS_V1 = record
Version: CREATE_VIRTUAL_DISK_VERSION;
UniqueId: TGUID;
MaximumSize: ULONGLONG;
BlockSizeInBytes: ULONG;
SectorSizeInBytes: ULONG;
ParentPath: LPCWSTR;
SourcePath: LPCWSTR;
end;
PCREATE_VIRTUAL_DISK_PARAMETERS = Pointer;
const
VIRTUAL_STORAGE_TYPE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN = 0; //Device type is unknown or not valid.
VIRTUAL_STORAGE_TYPE_DEVICE_ISO     = 1; //CD or DVD image file device type. (.iso file) Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2:  This value is not supported before Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012.
VIRTUAL_STORAGE_TYPE_DEVICE_VHD     = 2; //Virtual hard disk device type. (.vhd file)
VIRTUAL_STORAGE_TYPE_DEVICE_VHDX    = 3; //VHDX format virtual hard disk device type. (.vhdx file) Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2:  This value is not supported before Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012.
type
VIRTUAL_DISK_ACCESS_MASK = (
VIRTUAL_DISK_ACCESS_NONE        = $00000000,
VIRTUAL_DISK_ACCESS_ATTACH_RO   = $00010000,
VIRTUAL_DISK_ACCESS_ATTACH_RW   = $00020000,
VIRTUAL_DISK_ACCESS_DETACH      = $00040000,
VIRTUAL_DISK_ACCESS_GET_INFO    = $00080000,
VIRTUAL_DISK_ACCESS_CREATE      = $00100000,
VIRTUAL_DISK_ACCESS_METAOPS     = $00200000,
VIRTUAL_DISK_ACCESS_READ        = $000d0000,
VIRTUAL_DISK_ACCESS_ALL         = $003f0000,
VIRTUAL_DISK_ACCESS_WRITABLE    = $00320000
);
// Flags for CreateVirtualDisk
CREATE_VIRTUAL_DISK_FLAG = (
CREATE_VIRTUAL_DISK_FLAG_NONE                       = $00000000, // i.e. dynamically expanding disk
CREATE_VIRTUAL_DISK_FLAG_FULL_PHYSICAL_ALLOCATION   = $00000001  // Pre-allocate all physical space necessary for the virtual size of the disk (e.g. a fixed VHD).
);
function CreateVirtualDisk(
{in}     VirtualStorageType: PVIRTUAL_STORAGE_TYPE;
{in}     Path: PWideChar;
{in}     VirtualDiskAccessMask: VIRTUAL_DISK_ACCESS_MASK;
{in_opt} SecurityDescriptor: PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR;
{in}     Flags: CREATE_VIRTUAL_DISK_FLAG;
{in}     ProviderSpecificFlags: ULONG;
{in}     Parameters: PCREATE_VIRTUAL_DISK_PARAMETERS;
{in_opt} Overlapped: POverlapped;
out      Handle: THandle
): DWORD; stdcall; external 'VirtDisk.dll';
procedure CreateVhd(Path: UnicodeString; FileSizeBytes: Int64);
var
storageType: VIRTUAL_STORAGE_TYPE;
parameters: CREATE_VIRTUAL_DISK_PARAMETERS_V1;
vhdHandle: THandle;
res: DWORD;
begin
// Specify UNKNOWN for both device and vendor so the system will use the file extension to determine the correct VHD format.
storageType.DeviceId := VIRTUAL_STORAGE_TYPE_DEVICE_VHD; //VIRTUAL_STORAGE_TYPE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN;
storageType.VendorId := VIRTUAL_STORAGE_TYPE_VENDOR_MICROSOFT; //VIRTUAL_STORAGE_TYPE_VENDOR_UNKNOWN;
parameters := Default(CREATE_VIRTUAL_DISK_PARAMETERS_V1);
parameters.Version           := CREATE_VIRTUAL_DISK_VERSION_1;
parameters.UniqueId          := TGuid.NewGuid;
parameters.MaximumSize       := FileSizeBytes;
parameters.BlockSizeInBytes  := 0; //CREATE_VIRTUAL_DISK_PARAMETERS_DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE;
parameters.SectorSizeInBytes := 512; //CREATE_VIRTUAL_DISK_PARAMETERS_DEFAULT_SECTOR_SIZE;
parameters.ParentPath        := nil;
parameters.SourcePath        := nil;

res := CreateVirtualDisk(
@storageType,
PWideChar(Path),
VIRTUAL_DISK_ACCESS_NONE,
nil,                           // default security descriptor
CREATE_VIRTUAL_DISK_FLAG_NONE, // dynamically expanding disk
0,
@parameters,
nil, //not overlapped
{out}vhdHandle);
if res <> ERROR_SUCCESS then
begin
RaiseLastOSError(res);
Exit;
end;
CloseHandle(vhdHandle);
end;
begin
try
CreateVhd('C:test.vhd', 15*1024*1024); //15 MB
except
on E: Exception do
Writeln(E.ClassName, ': ', E.Message);
end;
WriteLn('Press enter to close...');
ReadLn;
end.

显然，以管理员身份运行没有区别。

奖金阅读

• 创建虚拟磁盘功能
• CREATE_VIRTUAL_DISK_PARAMETERS结构
• CREATE_VIRTUAL_DISK_VERSION_2的正确参数是什么？
• Windows SDK 示例：创建虚拟磁盘
• VirtDisk.h(Windows 7时代;我不需要任何更新的东西(
• 别人对 VirtDisk.pas 的翻译

Answer 1

@RbMm对问题点的第一条评论在哪里寻找以及如何解决问题。他指出，c++翻译不会重现该问题。那么问题一定出在标头(virtdisk.h(的翻译上。评论甚至指出，德尔福的翻译可能不准确。

快速浏览代码以查找常见的翻译错误，我们会遇到枚举。对于显式分配的值(最大值为 3 个字节(，第一个值 (VIRTUAL_DISK_ACCESS_MASK( 很好，编译器将在此处使用 4 个字节。

下一个是有问题的：

CREATE_VIRTUAL_DISK_FLAG = (
CREATE_VIRTUAL_DISK_FLAG_NONE                       = $00000000, // i.e. dynamically expanding disk
CREATE_VIRTUAL_DISK_FLAG_FULL_PHYSICAL_ALLOCATION   = $00000001  // Pre-allocate all physical space necessary for the virtual size of the disk (e.g. a fixed VHD).

为了保守枚举大小，编译器将为此类型使用 1 个字节。这将导致与导出函数(CreateVirtualDisk(的二进制不匹配，因此87(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER(。

您可以在声明此部分之前使用{$Z4}。

测试表明，您还需要考虑同一评论中的其他建议，即使用VIRTUAL_DISK_ACCESS_NONE.这在我的测试中导致 5，这是ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED。我可以用VIRTUAL_DISK_ACCESS_ALL创建磁盘，就像评论建议的那样。

更多的测试表明，将根驱动器的根目录用于虚拟磁盘可能不是一个好主意，这在本评论中有所提及。我使用"C：\test.vhd"的测试成功，但我找不到这个文件。使用另一个可写目录，我找到文件没有问题。