Django/Python DRY:如何在处理Q对象和模型属性时避免重复代码



我试图建立一个搜索页面,允许用户找到符合某些阈值标准的模型的任何实例,并且我在避免严重冗余代码方面遇到麻烦。我希望有更好的办法。下面是一个略显做作的示例,可以说明我要做的事情,并在最后对相关代码进行了调整。用户将通过复选框与搜索进行交互。

models.py:

class Icecream(models.Model()):
    name = models.CharField()
    bad_threshold = models.IntegerField()
    okay_threshold = models.IntegerField()
    tasty_threshold = models.IntegerField()
    delicious_threshold = models.IntegerField()

views.py:

def search_icecreams(request):
    user = request.user
    q_search = None
    if 'taste_search' in request.GET: 
        q_search = taste_threshold_set(request, user, q_search)
    if q_search == None:
        icecream_list = Icecream.objects.order_by('name')
    else:
        icecream_list = College.objects.filter(q_search)
    context = { 'icecream_list' : icecream_list }
    return render(request, '/icecream/icecreamsearch.html', context)

我想要删减的相关代码如下,这几乎是直接来自我的项目,只是更改了名称。

def taste_threshold_set(request, user, q_search):
    threshold = request.GET.getlist('taste_search')
    user_type_tolerance = user.profile.get_tolerance_of(icea
    # 1-5 are the various thresholds. They are abbreviated to cut down on the
    # length of the url.
    if '1' in threshold:
        new_q = Q(bad_threshold__gt = user.profile.taste_tolerance)        
        if q_search == None:
            q_search = new_q
        else:
            q_search = (q_search) | (new_q)
    if '2' in threshold:
        new_q = Q(bad_threshold__lte=user.profile.taste_tolerance) & 
            ~Q(okay_threshold__lte=user.profile.taste_tolerance)
        if q_search == None:
            q_search = new_q
        else:
            q_search = (q_search) | (new_q)
    if '3' in threshold:
        new_q = Q(okay_threshold_3__lte=user.profile.taste_tolerance) & 
            ~Q(tasty_threshold__lte=user.profile.taste_tolerance)
        if q_search == None:
            q_search = new_q
        else:
            q_search = (q_search) | (new_q)
    if '4' in threshold:
        new_q = Q(tasty_threshold__lte=user.profile.taste_tolerance) & 
            ~Q(delicious_threshold__lte=user.profile.taste_tolerance)
        if q_search == None:
            q_search = new_q
        else:
            q_search = (q_search) | (new_q)
    if '5' in threshold:
        new_q = Q(delicious_threshold__lte = user.profile.taste_tolerance)        
        if q_search == None:
            q_search = new_q
        else:
            q_search = (q_search) | (new_q)
    return q_search

基本上,我希望用户能够找到满足给定阈值水平的某个对象的所有实例。所以,例如,所有他们会觉得不好的冰淇淋和所有他们会觉得好吃的冰淇淋。

我对这段代码有很多不满意的地方。我不喜欢检查Q对象是否还没有为每个可能的阈值实例化,但也没有找到绕过它的方法。此外,如果这是一个非django问题,我会使用一个循环来检查每个给定的阈值,而不是把每个阈值都写出来。但是,我也不知道该怎么做。

最后,最大的问题是,我需要检查模型的大约20个不同属性的阈值。按照目前的情况,我必须为每一个都编写一个新的阈值检查器,每一个都与另一个略有不同(它们正在检查的属性的名称)。我希望能够编写一个通用的检查器,然后将特定的属性传递给它。有什么办法能解决这个问题,还有我的另外两个问题吗?

谢谢!

这个方法怎么样?

query_arg = ['bad_threshold__lte', 'bad_threshold__lte', 'okay_threshold_3__lte', 'tasty_threshold__lte', 'delicious_threshold__lte']
Q(**{query_arg[int(threshold) - 1]: user.profile.taste_tolerance})

您应该使用自己的QuerySet来代替def taste_threshold_set(...)

的例子:

models.py:
...
from django.db.models.query import QuerySet
...
class IcecreamManager(models.Manager):
    def get_query_set(self):
        return self.model.QuerySet(self.model)
    def __getattr__(self, attr, *args):
        try:
            return getattr(self.__class__, attr, *args)
        except AttributeError:
            return getattr(self.get_query_set(), attr, *args)

class Icecream(models.Model()):
    name = models.CharField()
    bad_threshold = models.IntegerField()
    okay_threshold = models.IntegerField()
    tasty_threshold = models.IntegerField()
    delicious_threshold = models.IntegerField()
    objects = IcecreamManager()
    class QuerySet(QuerySet):
        def name_custom_method(self, arg1, argN):
            # you must rewrite for you solution
            return self.exclude(
                            time_end__gt=now()
                        ).filter(
                            Q(...) | Q(...)
                        )
        def name_custom_method2(...)
            ...

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