JTextField 和 JComboBox 在 Java 中同一个 GridBagLayout 中出现问题

Question

我试图使用GridBagLayout将这两个元素放到框架上，但是一旦我将JComboBox添加到GridBagLayout，然后将其添加到框架中，JTextFields的宽度就会变得非常短，我不知道为什么或如何修复它。当我把JComboBox拿出来时，它工作得很好，但我确实需要在那里安装JComboBox，否则我无法完成项目。有关如何解决此问题的任何帮助将不胜感激。这是代码：

package userInterface;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.Calendar;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JComboBox;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
public class AddSpend extends JFrame {
    public AddSpend(){
        setTitle("Add New Spend");
        setSize(300,200);
        setVisible(true);
        setResizable(false);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
        setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
        create();
    }
    private void create(){
        GridBagConstraints c = new GridBagConstraints();
        c.gridx = 0;
        c.gridy = 0;
        c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.LINE_END;
        add(new JLabel("Category: "), c);
        c.gridy++;
        add(new JLabel("Amount: "), c);
        c.gridy++;
        add(new JLabel("Date: "), c);
        c.gridx = 1;
        c.gridy = 0;
        c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.LINE_START;
        JComboBox<String> category = new JComboBox<String>();
        category.addItem("Test 1");
        category.addItem("Test 2");
        category.addItem("Test 3");
        add(category, c);
        c.gridy++;
        JTextField amount = new JTextField();
        add(amount, c);
        c.gridy++;
        JTextField date = new JTextField();
        add(date, c);
        c.gridy++;
        JButton today = new JButton("Today");
        today.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
                Calendar now = Calendar.getInstance();
                date.setText((now.get(Calendar.MONTH) + 1) + "/" + now.get(Calendar.YEAR));
            }
        });
        today.setFont(today.getFont().deriveFont(7.0f));
        today.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(30,15));
        add(today, c);
        c.gridy++;
        JButton add = new JButton("Add Spend");
        add(add, c);
    }
}

Answer 1

建议：

• 摆脱setSize(300,200);并将其替换为pack(); 通过设置大小，您可以人为地将 GUI 限制为可能不是最佳自然大小的特定大小。通过在将所有组件添加到 GUI 后调用pack()，允许每个组件将自身大小调整为自己计算的最佳大小。
• 此外，将new JTextField();更改为new JTextField(col_width);其中col_width是一个整数，即您希望 JTextField 显示的文本列数。这将建议 JTextField 增加其首选大小以容纳col_width字符数。
• 还可以将插图添加到您的 GridBagConstraint
• 仅在将所有组件添加到 GUI 之后而不是之前调用 pack() 和setVisible(true)。

例如，

import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.Insets;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.Calendar;
import javax.swing.BorderFactory;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JComboBox;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
public class AddSpend extends JPanel {
    public AddSpend() {
        create();
    }
    private void create() {
        setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
        GridBagConstraints c = new GridBagConstraints();
        int ins = 5;
        c.insets = new Insets(ins, ins, ins, ins);
        setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(ins, ins, ins, ins));
        c.gridx = 0;
        c.gridy = 0;
        c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.LINE_END;
        add(new JLabel("Category: "), c);
        c.gridy++;
        add(new JLabel("Amount: "), c);
        c.gridy++;
        add(new JLabel("Date: "), c);
        c.gridx = 1;
        c.gridy = 0;
        c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.LINE_START;
        JComboBox<String> category = new JComboBox<String>();
        category.addItem("Test 1");
        category.addItem("Test 2");
        category.addItem("Test 3");
        add(category, c);
        c.gridy++;
        JTextField amount = new JTextField(10);
        add(amount, c);
        c.gridy++;
        JTextField date = new JTextField(10);
        add(date, c);
        c.gridy++;
        JButton today = new JButton("Today");
        today.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                Calendar now = Calendar.getInstance();
                date.setText((now.get(Calendar.MONTH) + 1) + "/" + now.get(Calendar.YEAR));
            }
        });
        today.setFont(today.getFont().deriveFont(7.0f));
        today.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(30, 15));
        add(today, c);
        c.gridy++;
        JButton add = new JButton("Add Spend");
        add(add, c);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {
            JFrame frame = new JFrame("Add New Spend");
            frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
            frame.add(new AddSpend());
            frame.pack();
            frame.setResizable(false);
            frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
            frame.setVisible(true);
        });
    }
}

请注意，我更喜欢将 JPanel 扩展到 JFrame。通过让你的类扩展 JFrame，你可能会把自己画在一个角落里，迫使你创建和显示 JFrames，而这通常需要更大的灵活性。事实上，我冒昧地说，我创建的大多数 Swing GUI 代码都没有扩展 JFrame，事实上，你很少想这样做。更常见的是，您的GUI类将面向创建JPanels，然后可以将其放入JFrames或JDialogs或JTabbedPanes中，或者在需要时通过CardLayouts交换。这将大大提高 GUI 编码的灵活性。