当我加载emacs时，它在添加cl-lib.el后使用--debug-init给了我这个错误：
Debugger entered--Lisp error: (void-function gv-define-simple-setter)
(gv-define-simple-setter buffer-file-name set-visited-file-name t)
eval-buffer(#<buffer *load*<2>> nil "d:/Tools/Emacs-24.3/cl-lib/cl-lib.el" nil t) ; Reading at buffer position 23391
load-with-code-conversion("d:/Tools/Emacs-24.3/cl-lib/cl-lib.el" "d:/Tools/Emacs-24.3/cl-lib/cl-lib.el" nil nil)
load("d:/Tools/Emacs-24.3/cl-lib/cl-lib.el")
mapc(load ("d:/Tools/Emacs-24.3/cl-lib/cl-lib.el"))
eval-buffer(#<buffer *load*> nil "c:/Users/Psalm3_3/.emacs" nil t) ; Reading at buffer position 76
load-with-code-conversion("c:/Users/Psalm3_3/.emacs" "c:/Users/Psalm3_3/.emacs" t t)
load("~/.emacs" t t)
#[0 "205262
这是我正在使用的 gv.el 文件：
https://github.com/emacs-mirror/emacs/blob/master/lisp/emacs-lisp/gv.el
有人有什么建议吗？ 蒂亚。
更新：
这是我得到的原始错误：
Debugger entered--Lisp error: (file-error "Cannot open load file" "cl-lib")
require(cl-lib)
eval-buffer(#<buffer *load*<2>> nil "d:/Tools/emacs-24.3/site-lisp/desktop.el" nil t) ; Reading at buffer position 5870
load-with-code-conversion("d:/Tools/emacs-24.3/site-lisp/desktop.el" "d:/Tools/emacs-24.3/site-lisp/desktop.el" nil nil)
load("d:/Tools/emacs-24.3/site-lisp/desktop.el")
mapc(load ("d:/Tools/emacs-24.3/site-lisp/desktop.el"))
eval-buffer(#<buffer *load*> nil "c:/Users/Psalm3_3/.emacs" nil t) ; Reading at buffer position 549
load-with-code-conversion("c:/Users/Psalm3_3/.emacs" "c:/Users/Psalm3_3/.emacs" t t)
load("~/.emacs" t t)
#[0 "205262
这是我的 .emacs 文件：
(mapc 'load (file-expand-wildcards "D:/Tools/Emacs-24.3/cl-lib/cl-lib.el"))
;; Require Common Lisp. (cl in <=24.2, cl-lib in >=24.3.)
(if (require 'cl-lib nil t)
(progn
(defalias 'cl-block-wrapper 'identity)
(defalias 'member* 'cl-member)
(defalias 'adjoin 'cl-adjoin))
;; Else we're on an older version so require cl.
(require 'cl))
;; Load lisp files on start
(mapc 'load (file-expand-wildcards "D:/Tools/emacs-24.3/site-lisp/flymake.el"))
(mapc 'load (file-expand-wildcards "D:/Tools/emacs-24.3/site-lisp/csharp-mode.el"))
(mapc 'load (file-expand-wildcards "D:/Tools/emacs-24.3/site-lisp/desktop.el"))
(mapc 'load (file-expand-wildcards "D:/Tools/emacs-24.3/site-lisp/session.el"))
;; setup load-path
(add-to-list 'load-path "D:/Tools/emacs-24.3/site-lisp")
;; TABS for C
(setq-default c-indent-tabs-mode t ; Pressing TAB should cause indentation
c-indent-level 4 ; A TAB is equivilent to four spaces
c-argdecl-indent 0 ; Do not indent argument decl's extra
c-tab-always-indent t
backward-delete-function nil) ; DO NOT expand tabs when deleting
(c-add-style "my-c-style" '((c-continued-statement-offset 4))) ; If a statement continues on the next line, indent the continuation by 4
(defun my-c-mode-hook ()
(c-set-style "my-c-style")
(c-set-offset 'substatement-open '0) ; brackets should be at same indentation level as the statements they open
(c-set-offset 'inline-open '+)
(c-set-offset 'block-open '+)
(c-set-offset 'brace-list-open '+) ; all "opens" should be indented by the c-indent-level
(c-set-offset 'case-label '+)) ; indent case labels by c-indent-level, too
(require 'csharp-mode)
(setq auto-mode-alist
(append '(("\.cs$" . csharp-mode)) auto-mode-alist))
(defun my-csharp-mode-fn ()
"function that runs when csharp-mode is initialized for a buffer."
(setq default-tab-width 4)
; Set indentation level to 4 spaces (instead of 2)
(setq c-basic-offset 4)
; Set the extra indentation before a substatement (e.g. the opening brace in
; the consequent block of an if statement) to 0 (instead of '+)
(c-set-offset 'substatement-open 0)
(setq-default c-basic-offset 4)
)
(add-hook 'csharp-mode-hook 'my-csharp-mode-fn t)
(add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'my-c-mode-hook)
(add-hook 'c++-mode-hook 'my-c-mode-hook)
(global-set-key "C-cg" 'goto-line)
(global-set-key "C-cy" '(lambda ()
(interactive)
(popup-menu 'yank-menu)))
(put 'upcase-region 'disabled nil)
;; Always use spaces instead of tabs
(setq-default indent-tabs-mode nil)
(defun FindNextDbl ()
"move to next doubled word, ignoring <...> tags" (interactive)
(re-search-forward "\<\([z-z]+\)\([\n \t]\|<[^>]+>\)+\1\?"))
(define-key global-map "C-xC-d" 'FindNextDbl)
;; Search all open buffers
(defun my-multi-occur-in-matching-buffers (regexp &optional allbufs)
"Show all lines matching REGEXP in all buffers."
(interactive (occur-read-primary-args))
(multi-occur-in-matching-buffers ".*" regexp))
(global-set-key (kbd "M-s /") 'my-multi-occur-in-matching-buffers)
(setq x-select-enable-clipboard t)
;; Copy list of all open buffers to clipboard: see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/10537265/emacs-save-current-buffer-list-to-a-text-file
(defun copy-open-files ()
"Add paths to all open files to kill ring"
(interactive)
(kill-new (mapconcat 'identity
(delq nil (mapcar 'buffer-file-name (buffer-list)))
"n"))
(message "List of files copied to kill ring"))
;; save my desktop
(desktop-save-mode 1)
;; auto-reload modified files
(global-auto-revert-mode t)
;; put save files in back dir (see http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/BackupDirectory)
(setq
backup-by-copying t ; don't clobber symlinks
backup-directory-alist
'(("." . "~/.saves")) ; don't litter my fs tree
delete-old-versions t
kept-new-versions 6
kept-old-versions 2
version-control t) ; use versioned backups
;; move to window based on arrow keys
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x <up>") 'windmove-up)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x <down>") 'windmove-down)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x <right>") 'windmove-right)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x <left>") 'windmove-left)
;; incremental completion
(require 'helm-config)
(helm-mode 1)
;; http://stackoverflow.com/questions/275842/is-there-a-repeat-last-command-in-emacs
(defun describe-last-function()
(interactive)
(describe-function last-command))
;; get path of present buffer, see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3669511/the-function-to-show-current-files-full-path-in-mini-buffer
(defun show-file-name ()
"Show the full path file name in the minibuffer."
(interactive)
(message (buffer-file-name)))
(global-set-key [C-f1] 'show-file-name) ; Or any other key you want
;; generate guids
(require 'guid)
更新 2：
感谢您的出色帖子，@Thomas。 这是我将 .emacs 文件的开头更新为：
;; setup load-path
(add-to-list 'load-path "C:/Tools/emacs-24.3/site-lisp/gv.el")
(require 'gv)
(add-to-list 'load-path "D:/Tools/Emacs-24.3/cl-lib")
(add-to-list 'load-path "C:/Tools/emacs-24.3/site-lisp")
;; Load lisp files on start
(mapc 'load (file-expand-wildcards "C:/Tools/emacs-24.3/site-lisp/flymake.el"))
(mapc 'load (file-expand-wildcards "C:/Tools/emacs-24.3/site-lisp/csharp-mode.el"))
(mapc 'load (file-expand-wildcards "C:/Tools/emacs-24.3/site-lisp/desktop.el"))
(mapc 'load (file-expand-wildcards "C:/Tools/emacs-24.3/site-lisp/session.el"))
现在这是我得到的错误：
Debugger entered--Lisp error: (void-variable defun-declarations-alist)
(assq (quote gv-expander) defun-declarations-alist)
(or (assq (quote gv-expander) defun-declarations-alist) (let ((x (` (gv-expander (, (apply-partially ... ...)))))) (push x macro-declarations-alist) (push x defun-declarations-alist)))
eval-buffer(#<buffer *load*<2>> nil "d:/Tools/Emacs-24.3/site-lisp/gv.el" nil t) ; Reading at buffer position 8332
load-with-code-conversion("d:/Tools/Emacs-24.3/site-lisp/gv.el" "d:/Tools/Emacs-24.3/site-lisp/gv.el" nil t)
require(gv)
eval-buffer(#<buffer *load*> nil "c:/Users/Psalm3_3/.emacs" nil t) ; Reading at buffer position 96
load-with-code-conversion("c:/Users/Psalm3_3/.emacs" "c:/Users/Psalm3_3/.emacs" t t)
load("~/.emacs" t t)
#[0 "205262
对不起，我是LISP的新手。
你为 cl-lib 编写的代码看起来很奇怪。 如果你有Emacs≥24.3，那么你已经内置了cl-lib。 如果你有更旧的东西，那么你不能使用 Emacs-24.3 的 cl-lib（你必须使用 GNU ELPA 的 cl-lib 代替，但如果它足够旧，你也不会内置 GNU ELPA 支持，所以总而言之，你最好将你的 Emacs 升级到 24.3 或更新）。
如果你的Emacs是24，1或24.2，那么我建议你通过M-x package-install RET安装cl-lib，然后添加
(package-initialize)
在~/.emacs开始时，这将为您通过 package.el 安装的软件包（例如上面的 cl-lib）正确设置自动加载。
以(if (require 'cl-lib ...) ...)开头的块看起来像一个丑陋的黑客来解决你误解的问题。 只需将其删除即可。
另外，从site-lisp中删除flymake.el和desktop.el，Emacs附带的版本可能是最新的。
该错误源于 Emacs 无法加载正确的文件。您正在尝试在此处手动加载一堆单个文件。但是，这不是应该加载基础包的方式。
通常，软件包附带安装说明，通常需要您在 init 文件中添加一些行：修改加载路径、设置何时加载包的条件以及添加如何加载包的命令。这几乎从未涉及对load函数的直接调用，这是相当低级的。
如果您查看原始错误，堆栈跟踪会告诉您它是由 (require cl-lib) 引发的。 require是 Emacs 在必要时加载文件的机制之一。要使其正常工作，您无需直接加载有问题的文件。你所要做的就是设置你的加载路径，以便 Emacs 可以找到引用的文件。
例如，对于您的cl-lib.el文件，您可以这样做：
(add-to-list 'load-path "D:/Tools/Emacs-24.3/cl-lib")
你把这一行添加到你的init文件中（当然是在Emacs尝试加载cl-lib之前的某个时刻）。
与require对应的是provide .如果您查看源代码以获取gv.el并一直滚动到底部，您会发现最后一行：
(provide 'gv)
这意味着他的文件提供了"功能"gv，每当你写(require 'gv)时，你都在告诉Emacs你需要这个功能。如果 Emacs 已经知道了，那么一切都很好;如果没有，Emacs 将尝试加载该功能。因此，要加载gv.el文件的内容，您所要做的就是将以下内容添加到您的 init 文件中：
(add-to-list 'load-path "/path/to/directory/containing/gv.el")
(require 'gv)
请参阅 Emacs 手册 获取有关 require 和 provide 的更多信息。
但让我重申上面的一点：通常，软件包带有特定的安装说明，通常在某种程度上"隐藏"在源代码文件顶部的长注释部分中。因此，每当要手动将包添加到设置中时，请确保检查此类说明。
附带说明一下：
(mapc 'load <something>)
只有当<something>扩展到文件列表时，才真正有意义。如果像你的情况一样，<something>只是一个文件，你不妨写：
(load <something>)
但同样，load是一个低级功能，您作为最终用户几乎不需要。