使用 Javascript 对 SVG 进行动态修改不起作用



我正在尝试动态修改嵌入在html页面中的SVG文档,因此当某些事件发生(例如,按下按钮)时,我可能会添加装饰器。

为此,我首先在"onload"期间将装饰器图像插入 SVG 的 "defs" 元素中,稍后在事件发生期间将 "use" 元素添加到 SVG 组中。该代码似乎在加载期间(在 Firefox 中)添加了图像元素,并在事件发生时添加了 use 元素,但没有显示装饰器图像。如果我保留相同的 SVG 文档,则所有浏览器都会正确显示它。

让我向您展示一个简化的代码。这是一个jsfiddle,感谢Phrogz:http://jsfiddle.net/ewYkp/3/

想象一下这个html页面:

 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html>
 <head>
  <title>Dynamic Modification of SVG demo</title>
  <meta content="text/html;charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
  <script language="javascript">
   var svgns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg";
   function setOnLoad()
   {
    var svg = document.getElementById("SVG_IMAGE").contentDocument;
    defs = svg.getElementsByTagName("defs");
    def1 = defs[0];
    var imageNote = document.SVG_IMAGE.contentDocument.createElementNS(svgns,"image");
    imageNote.setAttribute("width","22");
    imageNote.setAttribute("height","22");
    imageNote.setAttribute("id","noteImage");
     imageNote.setAttribute("xlink:href","data:image/png;base64,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");
     def1.appendChild(imageNote);
    };
    function decorateSVG() {
     var svg = document.getElementById("SVG_IMAGE");
     var dElement = svg.contentDocument.getElementById("group1");
 var useNote = svg.contentDocument.createElementNS(svgns,"use");
 useNote.setAttribute("x","150");
 useNote.setAttribute("y","150");
 useNote.setAttribute("xlink:href","#noteImage");
 dElement.appendChild(useNote);
    };
   </script>
 </head>
 <body>
   <h1>Dynamic Modification of SVG demo - embed svg file with SVG image</h1>
   <p> A  yellow circle that was embeded using the svg "object" tag</p>
    <object id="SVG_IMAGE" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet"  data="basic_shapes_circle1.svg" width="400" y="0" x="0" type="image/svg+xml" onload="setOnLoad()">
    </object>
   <p>
    <button onclick="decorateSVG('circle')">Decorate circle </button>
   </p>
  <hr>
 </body>
</html> 

以及以下 SVG 文档:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<svg viewBox="0 0 1000 1000" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
 <defs>
  <!-- A circle of radius 200 -->
  <circle id="s1" cx="200" cy="200" r="200" fill="yellow" stroke="black" stroke-width="3"/>
 </defs>
 <g id="group1">
    <use x="0" y="0" xlink:href="#s1"/>
 </g>
</svg>

代码(假设)结果是这样的:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<svg viewBox="0 0 1000 1000" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
 <defs>
  <!-- A circle of radius 200 -->
  <circle id="s1" cx="200" cy="200" r="200" fill="yellow" stroke="black" stroke-width="3"/>
  <image width="22" height="22" id="noteImage" xlink:href="data:image/png;base64,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"/>
</defs>
<g id="group1">
  <use x="0" y="0" xlink:href="#s1"/>
  <use x="150" y="150" xlink:href="#noteImage"/>
 </g>
</svg>

如果将 SVG 文档保存到文件中,它将在任何浏览器中正确显示。但是,在内存中修改时它似乎不起作用,我不知道为什么。有什么想法吗?

提前感谢您的帮助。

问题是您没有正确设置xlink:href属性。您正在这样做:

someElement.setAttribute( "xlink:href", "…" );

这样做会创建一个名为"xlink:href"(无效名称)的属性,该属性没有命名空间。相反,您希望使用:

someElement.setAttributeNS( "http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink", "href", "…");

这是一个工作演示,表明无论您是将动态创建的图像直接添加到组中,还是将其放置在<defs>部分中并通过<use>引用它,这都有效:

演示:http://jsfiddle.net/ewYkp/4/


顺便说一句,为了方便和节省您的手腕,我推荐这样的小功能:

function createOn( dad, name, attrs, text ){
  var svg = dad.ownerSVGElement, doc = dad.ownerDocument;
  var ns = createOn.$NAMESPACES;
  var defaultNS = svg.namespaceURI;
  if (!ns){
    ns = createOn.$NAMESPACES = {};
    for (var a=svg.attributes,i=a.length;i--;) if (a[i].prefix=='xmlns') ns[a[i].localName] = a[i].nodeValue;
  }
  var p = name.split(':');
  var el = p[1] ? doc.createElementNS(ns[p[0]],p[1]) : doc.createElementNS(defaultNS,name);
  for (var a in attrs){
    p = a.split(':');
    if (p[1]) el.setAttributeNS(ns[p[0]],p[1],attrs[a]);
    else      el.setAttributeNS(null,a,attrs[a]);
  }
  if (text) el.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(text));
  return dad.appendChild(el);
}

像这样使用它:

var defs = svgDoc.querySelector('defs');
var img  = createOn(defs,'image',{
  x:100, y:150,
  width:22, height:22,
  id:'noteImage', 'xlink:href':data
});

将自动查找元素名称或属性名称的命名空间前缀,只要前缀与拥有文档上声明的命名空间匹配。下面是使用它的更新演示:

演示:http://jsfiddle.net/ewYkp/6/

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