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如何在使用 JavaFX 元素的 Travis 上运行测试?



我想测试一种方法(也在 Travis 上远程测试)，该方法希望将 JavaFX 元素作为参数，例如ProgressIndicator.

但是当我在测试方法中进行new ProgressIndicator()时，当我执行测试(使用 Gradle)时，它在那一行失败，并带有

ExceptionInInitializerError 
(...) 
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Toolkit not initialized

问：如何在本地和 Travis 上的测试中实例化 JavaFX 元素？

我已经检查了没有进度指示器的测试是否通过。

相关信息

  • 未初始化的工具包 Java FX 澄清了在 launch() 中启动 FX 工具包之前尝试创建 FX 控件将生成此错误，但我无法从中找出解决方案。我应该以某种方式从我的测试中调用 launch() 吗？
  • JavaFX 2.1：未初始化的工具包似乎包含我的错误，但与CI测试无关。一种解决方案涉及CountDownLatch，另一种解决方案同样涉及向测试添加com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.startup(()->{});，但这只能在本地解决问题并生成java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException。

我的测试：

import javafx.scene.control.ProgressIndicator;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
/**
* Tests {@link HelloJavaFX} class.
*/
class HelloJavaFXTest {
/**
* Test passes.
*/
@Test
public void testCalculate(){
HelloJavaFX helloJavaFX = new HelloJavaFX();
assertEquals(2, helloJavaFX.calculate(), "message");
}
/**
* Fails on `new ProgressIndicator();` line.
*/
@Test
public void testProgress() {
HelloJavaFX helloJavaFX = new HelloJavaFX();
ProgressIndicator progressIndicator = new ProgressIndicator();
assertTrue(helloJavaFX.setLoading(progressIndicator));
}
}

我的 JavaFX 类：

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.control.ProgressIndicator;
import javafx.scene.control.Spinner;
import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
/**
* Sample class to show JavaFX.
*/
public class HelloJavaFX extends Application {
/** height */
public final int height = 250;
/** width */
public final int width = 300;
/**
* Main method.
* @param args Default
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
primaryStage.setTitle("Hello World!");
Button btn = new Button();
btn.setText("Say 1+1");
btn.setOnAction(event -> System.out.println(calculate()));
Spinner spinner = new Spinner();
StackPane root = new StackPane();
root.getChildren().add(btn);
root.getChildren().add(spinner);
primaryStage.setScene(new Scene(root, width, height));
primaryStage.show();
}
/**
* Show 1+1.
* @return 1+1
*/
public int calculate() {
return 1+1;
}
/**
* Indicate something is loading.
*
* @param progressIndicator User wants feedback.
*
* @return Whether the progress was succesfully set.
*/
public boolean setLoading(ProgressIndicator progressIndicator) {
progressIndicator.setVisible(true);
return true;
}
}

不确定是否相关，但我将 Gradle 与构建文件一起使用：

plugins {
id 'java'
}
description = """ 
Gradle build file.
This uses the gradle wrapper, so when running (the first time) use 'gradlew test' so then it 
downloads the right gradle automatically.
"""
repositories {
mavenCentral()
mavenLocal()
}
dependencies {
testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:5.0.3'
testRuntimeOnly 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:5.0.3'
}
sourceSets {
main.java.srcDirs += 'src'
main.resources.srcDirs += 'src'
test.java.srcDirs += 'test'
test.resources.srcDirs += 'test'
}
// Java target version
sourceCompatibility = 1.8
test {
// Enable JUnit 5 (Gradle 4.6+).
useJUnitPlatform()
// Always run tests, even when nothing changed.
dependsOn 'cleanTest'
// Show test results.
testLogging {
events "passed", "skipped", "failed"
}
}

堆栈跟踪：

java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
at deltadak.HelloJavaFXTest.testProgress(HelloJavaFXTest.java:26)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.junit.platform.commons.util.ReflectionUtils.invokeMethod(ReflectionUtils.java:389)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker.invoke(ExecutableInvoker.java:115)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestMethod$6(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:167)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:40)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.invokeTestMethod(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:163)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.execute(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:110)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.execute(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:57)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.lambda$execute$3(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:83)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SingleTestExecutor.executeSafely(SingleTestExecutor.java:66)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.execute(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:77)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.lambda$null$2(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:92)
at java.util.stream.ForEachOps$ForEachOp$OfRef.accept(ForEachOps.java:184)
at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$2$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:175)
at java.util.Iterator.forEachRemaining(Iterator.java:116)
at java.util.Spliterators$IteratorSpliterator.forEachRemaining(Spliterators.java:1801)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:481)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:471)
at java.util.stream.ForEachOps$ForEachOp.evaluateSequential(ForEachOps.java:151)
at java.util.stream.ForEachOps$ForEachOp$OfRef.evaluateSequential(ForEachOps.java:174)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234)
at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.forEach(ReferencePipeline.java:418)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.lambda$execute$3(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:92)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SingleTestExecutor.executeSafely(SingleTestExecutor.java:66)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.execute(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:77)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.lambda$null$2(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:92)
at java.util.stream.ForEachOps$ForEachOp$OfRef.accept(ForEachOps.java:184)
at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$2$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:175)
at java.util.Iterator.forEachRemaining(Iterator.java:116)
at java.util.Spliterators$IteratorSpliterator.forEachRemaining(Spliterators.java:1801)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:481)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:471)
at java.util.stream.ForEachOps$ForEachOp.evaluateSequential(ForEachOps.java:151)
at java.util.stream.ForEachOps$ForEachOp$OfRef.evaluateSequential(ForEachOps.java:174)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234)
at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.forEach(ReferencePipeline.java:418)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.lambda$execute$3(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:92)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SingleTestExecutor.executeSafely(SingleTestExecutor.java:66)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.execute(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:77)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.execute(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:51)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestEngine.execute(HierarchicalTestEngine.java:43)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:170)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:154)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:90)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junitplatform.JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor$CollectAllTestClassesExecutor.processAllTestClasses(JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor.java:94)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junitplatform.JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor$CollectAllTestClassesExecutor.access$100(JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor.java:80)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junitplatform.JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor.stop(JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor.java:71)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.SuiteTestClassProcessor.stop(SuiteTestClassProcessor.java:61)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:35)
at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:24)
at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ContextClassLoaderDispatch.dispatch(ContextClassLoaderDispatch.java:32)
at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ProxyDispatchAdapter$DispatchingInvocationHandler.invoke(ProxyDispatchAdapter.java:93)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy1.stop(Unknown Source)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.stop(TestWorker.java:123)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:35)
at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:24)
at org.gradle.internal.remote.internal.hub.MessageHubBackedObjectConnection$DispatchWrapper.dispatch(MessageHubBackedObjectConnection.java:146)
at org.gradle.internal.remote.internal.hub.MessageHubBackedObjectConnection$DispatchWrapper.dispatch(MessageHubBackedObjectConnection.java:128)
at org.gradle.internal.remote.internal.hub.MessageHub$Handler.run(MessageHub.java:404)
at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ExecutorPolicy$CatchAndRecordFailures.onExecute(ExecutorPolicy.java:63)
at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ManagedExecutorImpl$1.run(ManagedExecutorImpl.java:46)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ThreadFactoryImpl$ManagedThreadRunnable.run(ThreadFactoryImpl.java:55)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Toolkit not initialized
at com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.runLater(PlatformImpl.java:273)
at com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.runLater(PlatformImpl.java:268)
at com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.setPlatformUserAgentStylesheet(PlatformImpl.java:550)
at com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.setDefaultPlatformUserAgentStylesheet(PlatformImpl.java:512)
at javafx.scene.control.Control.<clinit>(Control.java:87)

完整的示例存储库在这里。

告诉我发生了什么。

如您所见，刚刚启动 JavaFX 只能在本地工作，因为 Travis 将无法访问所有 JavaFX 元素！

您需要使用特殊的 JavaFX 测试库，例如 TestFX。他们在他们的wiki上有一个"入门"，它可以做更多的事情，甚至可以模拟用户交互。

给我解决方案！

要将其与 Junit 5 一起使用，请添加到 gradle 构建中的dependencies块：

testCompile "org.testfx:testfx-core:4.0.12-alpha"
testCompile "org.testfx:testfx-junit:4.0.12-alpha"

关于您的测试，对于您非常简单的情况，只需替换

class HelloJavaFXTest {

跟

class HelloJavaFXTest extends FxRobot {

并替换

public void testProgress() {

跟

public void testProgress() throws TimeoutException {
// Setup JavaFX for testing.
FxToolkit.registerPrimaryStage();
FxToolkit.setupApplication(HelloJavaFX.class);

其中HelloJavaFX应该是您的主要类：扩展Application的类。 不过，您确实需要更新.travis.yml，否则会遇到UnsupportedOperationException。再次改编自他们的维基：

language: java
jdk: openjdk8
services:
- xvfb    
before_install:
- sudo apt update
- sudo apt install openjfx
- chmod +x ./gradlew
- export DISPLAY=:99.0
install: true
script:
- ./gradlew check
before_cache:
- rm -f  $HOME/.gradle/caches/modules-2/modules-2.lock
- rm -fr $HOME/.gradle/caches/*/plugin-resolution/
- rm -f  $HOME/.gradle/caches/*/fileHashes/fileHashes.bin
- rm -f  $HOME/.gradle/caches/*/fileHashes/fileHashes.lock
cache:
directories:
- $HOME/.gradle/caches/
- $HOME/.gradle/wrapper/

科特林！

注意，你甚至可以从 Kotlin 使用它，例如在使用 Spek 框架时！传情：

object HelloJavaFXTest: Spek({
given("the JavaFX Toolkit") {
// Initialise JavaFX Toolkit, needed for things like ProgressIndicator.
FxToolkit.registerPrimaryStage()
FxToolkit.setupApplication(HelloJavaFX::class.java)
on("instantiating a JavaFX component") {
val progress = ProgressIndicator()
it("should not throw any errors") {
progress.isVisible = false
}
}
}
})

完整的示例项目在这里。

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