我正在尝试针对我的Rails应用程序用JavaScript创建一个简单的WebSocket连接。我得到以下信息:
到"ws://localhost:4000/"的WebSocket连接失败:WebSocket握手期间出错:"Sec WebSocket Accept"标头缺少
我做错了什么?这是我的代码:
JavaScript:
var socket = new WebSocket('ws://localhost:4000');
socket.onopen = function() {
var handshake =
"GET / HTTP/1.1n" +
"Host: localhostn" +
"Upgrade: websocketn" +
"Connection: Upgraden" +
"Sec-WebSocket-Key: x3JJHMbDL1EzLkh9GBhXDw==n" +
"Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: quoten" +
"Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13n" +
"Origin: http://localhostn";
socket.send(handshake);
};
socket.onmessage = function(data) {
console.log(data);
};
Ruby:
require 'rubygems'
require 'em-websocket-server'
module QuoteService
class WebSocket < EventMachine::WebSocket::Server
def on_connect
handshake_response = "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocolsn"
handshake_response << "Upgrade: websocketn"
handshake_response << "Connection: Upgraden"
handshake_response << "Sec-WebSocket-Accept: HSmrc0sMlYUkAGmm5OPpG2HaGWk=n"
handshake_response << "Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: quoten"
send_message(handshake_response)
end
def on_receive(data)
puts 'RECEIVED: ' + data
end
end
end
EventMachine.run do
print 'Starting WebSocket server...'
EventMachine.start_server '0.0.0.0', 4000, QuoteService::WebSocket
puts 'running'
end
握手头根据维基百科。
-
我认为,一旦连接打开,请求和响应就已经发生了,所以此时发送头已经太晚了。此外,页眉必须以一个空行结尾,您省略了这一行。
-
根据演示,您甚至不必在客户端或服务器中设置头——ruby模块自动处理服务器端的头,html5自动处理客户端的头。我认为这应该有效:
要求";em-websocket服务器";
class EchoServer<EM::WebSocket::服务器
定义连接EM::WebSocket::Log.debug";"已连接";看跌期权;我感觉到了一种联系"结束
定义接收消息看跌期权;收到:#{msg}"发送消息结束
结束
EM.run domyhost=";0.0.0.0";myport=8000看跌期权;正在启动WebSocket服务器。正在侦听端口#{myport}"EM启动服务器myhost、myport、EchoServer结束
html文件:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head><title>Test</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
var myWebSocket = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8000");
myWebSocket.onopen = function(evt) {
console.log("Connection open. Sending message...");
myWebSocket.send("Hello WebSockets!"); };
myWebSocket.onmessage = function(evt) {
console.log(evt.data);
myWebSocket.close(); };
myWebSocket.onclose = function(evt) {
console.log("Connection closed."); };
myWebSocket.onerror = function(err) {
alert(err.name + " => " + err.message); } </script>
</head> <body> <div>Hello</div> </body> </html>
它确实适用于Safari 5.1.9(这是一款较旧的浏览器):我在服务器和客户端上都看到了预期的输出。然而,该代码在Firefox 21中不起作用:我收到错误消息。。。
Firefox can't establish a connection to the server at ws://localhost:8000/.
var myWebSocket = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8000");
我注意到,在Firebug和Safari Developer Tools中,服务器都不会发送Sec-WebSocket Accept标头:
Response Headers
Connection Upgrade
Upgrade WebSocket
WebSocket-Location ws://localhost:8000/
WebSocket-Origin null
Request Headers
Accept text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Encoding gzip, deflate
Accept-Language en-US,en;q=0.5
Cache-Control no-cache
Connection keep-alive, Upgrade
DNT 1
Host localhost:8000
Origin null
Pragma no-cache
Sec-WebSocket-Key r9xT+ywe533EHF09wxelkg==
Sec-WebSocket-Version 13
Upgrade websocket
User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0
我所尝试的一切都无法使代码在Firefox 21.0中工作。为了检查Firefox 21.0是否支持websocket,我去了:
http://www.websocket.org/echo.html
它说我的浏览器确实支持websocket。
你有什么理由必须使用em-websocket服务器模块吗?github上对该模块的最后一次修改是在三年前。每当您在ruby代码中看到
require rubygems
时,都应该提醒您该代码已经过时。我尝试了较新的em websocket模块,并且能够在Firefox 21.0和Safari 5.1.9上使用websocket成功地来回传输数据:需要"em websocket"
myhost=";0.0.0.0";myport=8000
EM运行{看跌期权;正在侦听端口#{myport}"
EM::WebSocket.run(:host=>myhost,:port=>myport,:debug=>do|ws|
ws.onopen do |handshake| path = handshake.path query_str = handshake.query origin = handshake.origin puts "WebSocket opened:" puts "t path tt -> #{path}" puts "t query_str t -> #{query_str}" puts "t origin t -> #{origin}" end ws.onmessage { |msg| ws.send "Pong: #{msg}" } ws.onclose { puts "WebSocket closed" } ws.onerror { |e| puts "Error: #{e.message}" }
完}
客户端代码相同。现在,响应标头包括Sec-WebSocket-Accept:
Response Headers
Connection Upgrade
Sec-WebSocket-Accept LyIm6d+kAAqkcTR744tVK9HMepY=
Upgrade websocket
Request Headers
Accept text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Encoding gzip, deflate
Accept-Language en-US,en;q=0.5
Cache-Control no-cache
Connection keep-alive, Upgrade
DNT 1
Host localhost:8000
Origin null
Pragma no-cache
Sec-WebSocket-Key pbK8lFHQAF+arl9tFvHn/Q==
Sec-WebSocket-Version 13
Upgrade websocket
User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0
在您的代码中,我认为您没有设置任何标头。相反,您只是来回发送消息,而这些消息恰好包含看起来像标头的字符。显然,您的浏览器在允许连接之前,需要在响应中使用Sec-WebSocket-Accept标头,当em-WebSocket服务器模块未能在响应中设置该标头时,您的服务器将拒绝连接。
em-websockets服务器的相关源代码如下:
module EM
module WebSocket
module Protocol
module Version76
# generate protocol 76 compatible response headers
def response
response = "HTTP/1.1 101 Web Socket Protocol Handshakern"
response << "Upgrade: WebSocketrn"
response << "Connection: Upgradern"
response << "Sec-WebSocket-Origin: #{origin}rn"
response << "Sec-WebSocket-Location: #{scheme}://#{host}#{path}rn"
if protocol
response << "Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: #{protocol}rn"
end
response << "rn"
response << Digest::MD5.digest(keyset)
response
end
正如您所看到的,它没有设置Sec-WebSocket-Accept标头。该代码位于一个名为Version76的模块中,在谷歌上搜索76版本的websockets会产生一个过时的协议(其中包含一个请求和响应的示例):
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-hixie-thewebsocketprotocol-76
以下是当前的websockets协议(其中还包含一个请求和响应的示例):
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6455
结论:em-websockets服务器已过时。