当我昨天回答一个问题时,我建议对计算值使用虚拟列,而不是手动更新它。
我自己做了一个测试,发现了连接两个NUMBER类型列时虚拟列表达式所占用的数据大小问题。不过,连接两个字符时没有问题。
DB版本:
SQL> select banner from v$version where rownum = 1;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL>
测试用例1:连接字符串
SQL> CREATE TABLE t(
2 ID varchar2(2),
3 num varchar2(2),
4 text VARCHAR2(10) generated always as (id||'_'||num) VIRTUAL
5 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES ('a', 'e');
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES ('b', 'f');
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES ('c', 'g');
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> SELECT * FROM T;
ID NU TEXT
-- -- ----------
a e a_e
b f b_f
c g c_g
SQL>
因此,连接两个字符类型的列没有问题。
测试用例2:连接数字
SQL> CREATE TABLE t(
2 ID NUMBER,
3 num NUMBER,
4 text VARCHAR2(10) generated always as (to_char(id)||'_'||to_char(num)) VIRTUAL
5 );
text VARCHAR2(10) generated always as (to_char(id)||'_'||to_char(num)) VIRTUAL
*
ERROR at line 4:
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEXT" (actual: 10, maximum: 81)
不允许?啊!让我们增加尺寸-
SQL> CREATE TABLE t(
2 ID NUMBER,
3 num NUMBER,
4 text VARCHAR2(81) generated always as (to_char(id)||'_'||to_char(num)) VIRTUAL
5 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES (1, 4);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES (2, 5);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES (3, 6);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> SELECT * FROM T;
ID NUM
---------- ----------
TEXT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 4
1_4
2 5
2_5
3 6
3_6
SQL> set linesize 200
SQL> SELECT * FROM T;
ID NUM TEXT
---------- ---------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 4 1_4
2 5 2_5
3 6 3_6
SQL>
那么现在发生了什么?表已创建,但为什么虚拟列在预期数据大小仅为3字节的情况下会占用这么多大小,但它需要81字节 检查长度,值是正确的,但是数据大小要大得多。例如,我希望长度为3,所以我将列的大小声明为10个字节。但虚拟列表达式生成的值的大小远不止于此。 任何见解都非常受欢迎。 UDPATE感谢Alex Poole。我没有考虑隐式转换,所以我不想显式地CAST表达式。所以,下面的工作-SQL> CREATE TABLE t(
2 ID NUMBER,
3 num NUMBER,
4 text VARCHAR2(10) generated always as (length(to_char(id)||'_'||to_char(num))) VIRTUAL
5 );
text VARCHAR2(10) generated always as (length(to_char(id)||'_'||to_char(num))) VIRTUAL
*
ERROR at line 4:
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEXT" (actual: 10, maximum: 40)
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE t(
2 ID NUMBER,
3 num NUMBER,
4 text VARCHAR2(81) generated always as (length(to_char(id)||'_'||to_char(num))) VIRTUAL
5 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES (1, 4);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES (2, 5);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES (3, 6);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> SELECT * FROM T;
ID NUM TEXT
---------- ---------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 4 3
2 5 3
3 6 3
SQL> clear columns
columns cleared
SQL> SELECT * FROM T;
ID NUM TEXT
---------- ---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 4 3
2 5 3
3 6 3
SQL> DROP TABLE t PURGE;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE t(
2 ID NUMBER,
3 num NUMBER,
4 text VARCHAR2(10) generated always as (cast(to_char(id)||'_'||to_char(num) as varchar2(3))) VIRTUAL
5 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES (1, 4);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES (2, 5);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES (3, 6);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> SELECT * FROM T;
ID NUM TEXT
---------- ---------- ----------
1 4 1_4
2 5 2_5
3 6 3_6
SQL>
您的数字不受限制。对于个位数(正),您知道连接长度只能是三,但虚拟列必须足够大才能容纳任何数字,因此它看起来允许隐式格式模型最多40位数字(38位有效数字、十进制分隔符和符号;@collspar的词汇化)。
话虽如此,约束数字列不会反映在虚拟列长度中——使两列都为NUMBER(1,0)
仍然需要81个字符的串联。获取生成的值的子字符串也不起作用,在本例中获取ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEXT" (actual: 10, maximum: 40)
。为每个to_char()
调用(例如FM999
)提供一个格式模型是可行的,但会限制下划线两侧的值,而不是直接限制总长度。
如果您想限制列大小,可以将其强制转换为相同的数据类型和大小,这更明确:
text VARCHAR2(10) generated always as
(cast(to_char(id)||'_'||to_char(num) as VARCHAR2(10))) VIRTUAL