我希望使用devtools包。我已经运行了以下命令：
> install.packages("devtools", dependencies = TRUE)
....
> library(devtools)
Error in library(devtools) : there is no package called ‘devtools’
我做错了什么？
编辑：以下是重新启动会话后重新运行install.packages命令的结果。
> install.packages("devtools", dependencies = TRUE)
Installing package into ‘/home/evanaad/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.0’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
--- Please select a CRAN mirror for use in this session ---
Warning: dependencies ‘roxygen2’, ‘BiocInstaller’, ‘rstudio’ are not available
also installing the dependencies ‘httr’, ‘RCurl’
trying URL 'http://cran.at.r-project.org/src/contrib/httr_0.2.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 50183 bytes (49 Kb)
opened URL
==================================================
downloaded 49 Kb
trying URL 'http://cran.at.r-project.org/src/contrib/RCurl_1.95-4.1.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 870915 bytes (850 Kb)
opened URL
==================================================
downloaded 850 Kb
trying URL 'http://cran.at.r-project.org/src/contrib/devtools_1.4.1.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 105214 bytes (102 Kb)
opened URL
==================================================
downloaded 102 Kb
* installing *source* package ‘RCurl’ ...
** package ‘RCurl’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
checking for curl-config... no
Cannot find curl-config
ERROR: configuration failed for package ‘RCurl’
* removing ‘/home/evanaad/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.0/RCurl’
ERROR: dependency ‘RCurl’ is not available for package ‘httr’
* removing ‘/home/evanaad/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.0/httr’
ERROR: dependencies ‘httr’, ‘RCurl’ are not available for package ‘devtools’
* removing ‘/home/evanaad/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.0/devtools’
The downloaded source packages are in
‘/tmp/RtmptvmTrA/downloaded_packages’
Warning messages:
1: In install.packages("devtools", dependencies = TRUE) :
installation of package ‘RCurl’ had non-zero exit status
2: In install.packages("devtools", dependencies = TRUE) :
installation of package ‘httr’ had non-zero exit status
3: In install.packages("devtools", dependencies = TRUE) :
installation of package ‘devtools’ had non-zero exit status
根据damienfrancois的建议，我安装了libcurl4-gnutls-dev，问题解决了。
编辑 （@dardisco）
在你的外壳中：
apt-get -y build-dep libcurl4-gnutls-dev
apt-get -y install libcurl4-gnutls-dev
如果您使用的是 Ubuntu/Linux：
sudo apt-get install libcurl4-openssl-dev libssl-dev
如果你使用的是 CentOS：
尝试：
sudo yum -y install libcurl libcurl-devel
我在 Ubuntu 18.04 上遇到了这个问题，但之前的答案都没有解决它。最终，我成功地使用包管理器本身安装了devtools：
sudo apt install r-cran-devtools
我在Windows上，遇到了同样的问题。
我使用了以下代码：
install.packages("devtools", type = "win.binary")
然后库（开发工具）为我工作。
对于我的 Debian Jessie 盒子，我还包括：
sudo apt-get build-dep libxml2-dev
提示：r-tool 控制台输出非常冗长，所以我会检查任何其他依赖项。
然后，我终于明白了：
> find_rtools()
[1] TRUE
对于 ubuntu 用户，请在您的终端中运行此命令 [在 UBUNTU 16.04 中测试]
sudo apt-get -y install libcurl4-openssl-dev
按照通常在 R 中执行的方式发布此安装库
install.packages("package name")
以上答案都不适用于使用 R 版本 3.6.1 的 Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS
我的猜测是这可能与Anaconda3有关......
对我有用的是：
conda install -c r r-devtools
然后在R
install.packages("rlang")
install.packages("devtools")
sessionInfo()
R version 3.6.1 (2019-07-05)
Platform: x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu (64-bit)
Running under: Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS
Matrix products: default
BLAS/LAPACK: /home/tsundoku/anaconda3/lib/R/lib/libRblas.so
locale:
[1] LC_CTYPE=en_CA.UTF-8 LC_NUMERIC=C
[3] LC_TIME=en_CA.UTF-8 LC_COLLATE=en_CA.UTF-8
[5] LC_MONETARY=en_CA.UTF-8 LC_MESSAGES=en_CA.UTF-8
[7] LC_PAPER=en_CA.UTF-8 LC_NAME=C
[9] LC_ADDRESS=C LC_TELEPHONE=C
[11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_CA.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C
attached base packages:
[1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] compiler_3.6.1 tools_3.6.1 tcltk_3.6.1
如今（ubuntu 14.04）我需要两者：
$ sudo apt-get -y install libcurl4-gnutls-dev
$ sudo apt-get -y install libssl-dev
解决此问题
的最佳解决方案。我正在寻找同样的问题。我花了 1 天，然后我得到了解决方案。现在，它很好。
如果你使用的是 Ubuntu 或 Linux，请在 bash 终端中检查您的 R 版本。
R --version
然后使用这些命令
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
现在检查新版本的 R。使用此命令
sudo apt-cache showpkg r-base
现在仅更新 R。
sudo apt-get install r-base
现在R将被更新，错误将被删除。确保cd要安装新包的库路径。这种方式在 bash 终端。尝试在主文件夹中创建 R 目录，否则它将是默认目录。找到包 ~/R/lib/的此位置。
R
.libPaths("~/R/lib")
install.packages("devtools")
或
install.packages("devtools", lib="~/R/lib")
我解决了安装以下所有内容的许多问题，以使开发工具安装在 Ubuntu 18.04.1 上。
sudo apt-get install libcurl4-openssl-dev
sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
sudo apt-get install libcurl4-gnutls-dev
sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev
CentOS 7：我已经安装了 libcurl 和 gnutls 开发包，但在 R 中安装 devtools 时仍然遇到"无法加载 git2r.so"错误。我必须"重新安装"它们才能正常工作：
sudo yum reinstall gnutls-devel.x86_64
CentOS 7：
我在这篇文章中尝试了解决方案
sudo yum -y install libcurl libcurl-devel
sudo yum -y install openssl-devel
但还不够。
在控制台中检查 R 错误给了我一个警告。就我而言，它缺少下面的libxml-2.0（控制台打印了不同Linux版本和其他可能的R配置的软件包名称说明）
sudo yum -y install libxml2-devel
当我尝试安装 devtools 包时，我通过看到 R-Studio 的错误找到了解决方案......基本上错误是因为Linux中没有安装依赖库 看看下面的ANTICONF错误
Installing package into ‘/home/hafiz/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.6’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
also installing the dependencies ‘curl’, ‘gh’, ‘openssl’, ‘xml2’, ‘usethis’, ‘covr’, ‘httr’, ‘roxygen2’, ‘rversions’
trying URL 'https://cloud.r-project.org/src/contrib/curl_4.3.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 673779 bytes (657 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 657 KB
trying URL 'https://cloud.r-project.org/src/contrib/gh_1.1.0.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 29043 bytes (28 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 28 KB
trying URL 'https://cloud.r-project.org/src/contrib/openssl_1.4.2.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 1204168 bytes (1.1 MB)
==================================================
downloaded 1.1 MB
trying URL 'https://cloud.r-project.org/src/contrib/xml2_1.3.2.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 271876 bytes (265 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 265 KB
trying URL 'https://cloud.r-project.org/src/contrib/usethis_1.6.1.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 255052 bytes (249 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 249 KB
trying URL 'https://cloud.r-project.org/src/contrib/covr_3.5.0.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 146148 bytes (142 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 142 KB
trying URL 'https://cloud.r-project.org/src/contrib/httr_1.4.2.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 159950 bytes (156 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 156 KB
trying URL 'https://cloud.r-project.org/src/contrib/roxygen2_7.1.1.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 254118 bytes (248 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 248 KB
trying URL 'https://cloud.r-project.org/src/contrib/rversions_2.0.2.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 41558 bytes (40 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 40 KB
trying URL 'https://cloud.r-project.org/src/contrib/devtools_2.3.1.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 373604 bytes (364 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 364 KB
* installing *source* package ‘curl’ ...
** package ‘curl’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** using staged installation
Package libcurl was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libcurl.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'libcurl' found
Package libcurl was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libcurl.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'libcurl' found
Using PKG_CFLAGS=
Using PKG_LIBS=-lcurl
------------------------- ANTICONF ERROR ---------------------------
Configuration failed because libcurl was not found. Try installing:
deb: **libcurl4-openssl-dev** (Debian, Ubuntu, etc)
* rpm: libcurl-devel (Fedora, CentOS, RHEL)
* csw: libcurl_dev (Solaris)
If libcurl is already installed, check that 'pkg-config' is in your
PATH and PKG_CONFIG_PATH contains a libcurl.pc file. If pkg-config
is unavailable you can set INCLUDE_DIR and LIB_DIR manually via:
R CMD INSTALL --configure-vars='INCLUDE_DIR=... LIB_DIR=...'
--------------------------------------------------------------------
ERROR: configuration failed for package ‘curl’
* removing ‘/home/hafiz/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.6/curl’
Warning in install.packages :
installation of package ‘curl’ had non-zero exit status
* installing *source* package ‘openssl’ ...
** package ‘openssl’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** using staged installation
Using PKG_CFLAGS=
--------------------------- [ANTICONF] --------------------------------
Configuration failed because openssl was not found. Try installing:
deb: **libssl-dev** (Debian, Ubuntu, etc)
* rpm: openssl-devel (Fedora, CentOS, RHEL)
* csw: libssl_dev (Solaris)
* brew: openssl@1.1 (Mac OSX)
If openssl is already installed, check that 'pkg-config' is in your
PATH and PKG_CONFIG_PATH contains a openssl.pc file. If pkg-config
is unavailable you can set INCLUDE_DIR and LIB_DIR manually via:
R CMD INSTALL --configure-vars='INCLUDE_DIR=... LIB_DIR=...'
-------------------------- [ERROR MESSAGE] ---------------------------
tools/version.c:1:10: fatal error: openssl/opensslv.h: No such file or directory
1 | #include <openssl/opensslv.h>
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
ERROR: configuration failed for package ‘openssl’
* removing ‘/home/hafiz/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.6/openssl’
Warning in install.packages :
installation of package ‘openssl’ had non-zero exit status
* installing *source* package ‘xml2’ ...
** package ‘xml2’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** using staged installation
Package libxml-2.0 was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libxml-2.0.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'libxml-2.0' found
Package libxml-2.0 was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libxml-2.0.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'libxml-2.0' found
Using PKG_CFLAGS=
Using PKG_LIBS=-lxml2
------------------------- ANTICONF ERROR ---------------------------
Configuration failed because libxml-2.0 was not found. Try installing:
deb: **libxml2-dev** (Debian, Ubuntu, etc)
* rpm: libxml2-devel (Fedora, CentOS, RHEL)
* csw: libxml2_dev (Solaris)
If libxml-2.0 is already installed, check that 'pkg-config' is in your
PATH and PKG_CONFIG_PATH contains a libxml-2.0.pc file. If pkg-config
is unavailable you can set INCLUDE_DIR and LIB_DIR manually via:
R CMD INSTALL --configure-vars='INCLUDE_DIR=... LIB_DIR=...'
--------------------------------------------------------------------
ERROR: configuration failed for package ‘xml2’
* removing ‘/home/hafiz/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.6/xml2’
Warning in install.packages :
installation of package ‘xml2’ had non-zero exit status
ERROR: dependencies ‘curl’, ‘openssl’ are not available for package ‘httr’
* removing ‘/home/hafiz/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.6/httr’
Warning in install.packages :
installation of package ‘httr’ had non-zero exit status
ERROR: dependency ‘xml2’ is not available for package ‘roxygen2’
* removing ‘/home/hafiz/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.6/roxygen2’
Warning in install.packages :
installation of package ‘roxygen2’ had non-zero exit status
ERROR: dependencies ‘curl’, ‘xml2’ are not available for package ‘rversions’
* removing ‘/home/hafiz/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.6/rversions’
Warning in install.packages :
installation of package ‘rversions’ had non-zero exit status
ERROR: dependency ‘httr’ is not available for package ‘gh’
* removing ‘/home/hafiz/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.6/gh’
Warning in install.packages :
installation of package ‘gh’ had non-zero exit status
ERROR: dependency ‘httr’ is not available for package ‘covr’
* removing ‘/home/hafiz/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.6/covr’
Warning in install.packages :
installation of package ‘covr’ had non-zero exit status
ERROR: dependencies ‘curl’, ‘gh’ are not available for package ‘usethis’
* removing ‘/home/hafiz/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.6/usethis’
Warning in install.packages :
installation of package ‘usethis’ had non-zero exit status
ERROR: dependencies ‘usethis’, ‘covr’, ‘httr’, ‘roxygen2’, ‘rversions’ are not available for package ‘devtools’
* removing ‘/home/hafiz/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.6/devtools’
Warning in install.packages :
installation of package ‘devtools’ had non-zero exit status
The downloaded source packages are in
‘/tmp/Rtmpexapon/downloaded_packages’
查看缺少的粗体库libssl-devlibxml2-dev
just you need to install these libraries in ubuntu terminal or
无论您使用什么操作系统，您都会发现相对错误操作系统详见错误。.R-studio 提到了针对操作系统的相对库包名称
对于 Ubuntu，我这样做了
sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
**sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev **
sudo apt-get install libcurl4-openssl-dev
对于 Ubuntu 18.0.4 上的 R 版本 4.0.2，我必须安装 libgit2-dev 包：
sudo apt-get install libgit2-dev
在那之后，像魅力一样工作。
在 Ubuntu 上（20.04 焦点），我需要先运行这个：
apt-get update
apt-get install build-essential libcurl4-gnutls-dev libxml2-dev libssl-dev libfontconfig1-dev libharfbuzz-dev libfribidi-dev libfreetype6-dev libpng-dev libtiff5-dev libjpeg-dev -y
然后安装开发工具工作。
这可能看起来有点矫枉过正，但对我来说都是必要的（好吧，我不完全确定是否有必要构建，但它并没有受到伤害 - 我从这里得到了它）。
我确定要安装哪些系统库的方法是在失败时仔细查看错误消息install.packages("devtools")因为通常错误消息会告诉您要安装哪个系统库，只是它被埋在错误消息的中间，所以很难发现。
我的个人经历：
我更新了R和RStudio。然后我安装了devtools.由于它给了我同样的问题，我开始安装行中显示的依赖项：
`ERROR: dependencies ‘httr’, ‘RCurl’ are not available for package ‘devtools’ ` one by one.
当您安装它们时（例如xml2，就像我的情况一样），
install.packages("xmls2")
它说：
Configuration failed because libxml-2.0 was not found. Try installing:
* deb: libxml2-dev (Debian, Ubuntu, etc)
* rpm: libxml2-devel (Fedora, CentOS, RHEL)
* csw: libxml2_dev (Solaris)
答案就在回应中。在这里，我转到命令提示符并使用：
sudo apt install libxml2-dev
然后我重用了该命令：
install.packages("xmls2")
我对所有其他软件包使用了类似的过程。最后，
install.packages("devtools"))
有时一个软件包可能会阻止安装许多其他软件包。因此，请从列表中的第一个依赖项开始安装。
Centos 6.8
这项工作对我来说就像魅力
- 安装 libcurl
$yum -y install libcurl libcurl-devel - 重新启动 R 软件
$rstudio-server verify-installation