性能测试:一个核心vs多个核心



我正试图理解我最近在项目中遇到的一个问题。我使用Aurigma库来调整图像大小。它在单线程模式下使用,在计算过程中只产生一个线程。最近我决定转向ImageMagick项目,因为它是免费和开源的。我已经建立了IM在单线程模式,并开始测试。起初,我想在不中断的情况下比较它们的性能,因此我创建了一个对进程及其线程具有高优先级的测试。另外,我将affinity设置为一个核心。我比Aurigma快了25%。但是我添加的线程比IM少对Aurigma更有优势。

我的项目是一个启动大约7-10个子进程的windows服务。每个进程有2个线程来处理图像。当我将我的测试作为两个不同的进程运行时,每个进程有2个线程,我注意到IM的工作比Aurigma差5%左右。

也许我的问题不是很详细,但是这个范围对我来说有点新,我很高兴得到进一步调查的方向。为什么一个程序在一个进程的一个线程上运行会更快,而在多个进程中同时运行会更差呢?

的例子,

Au: 8个进程x 2Th(每个线程20个任务)= 245秒320个任务

IM: 8个进程x 2Th(每个线程20个任务)= 280秒320个任务

Au: 4个进程x 2Th(每个线程20个任务)= 121秒160个任务

IM: 4个进程x 2Th(每个线程20个任务)= 141秒160个任务

我们可以看到,如果我们有多个进程,Au工作得更好,但在单进程模式下:Au处理一个任务为2,2秒,IM为1,4秒,IM的总和时间更好

private static void ThreadRunner(
        Action testFunc,
        int repeatCount,
        int threadCount
        )
    {
        WaitHandle[] handles = new WaitHandle[threadCount];
        var stopwatch = new Stopwatch();
        // warmup
        stopwatch.Start();
        for (int h = 0; h < threadCount; h++)
        {
            var handle = new ManualResetEvent(false);
            handles[h] = handle;
            var thread = new Thread(() =>
            {
                Runner(testFunc, repeatCount);
                handle.Set();
            });
            thread.Name = "Thread id" + h;
            thread.IsBackground = true;
            thread.Priority = ThreadPriority.Normal;
            thread.Start();
        }
        WaitHandle.WaitAll(handles);
        stopwatch.Stop();
        Console.WriteLine("All Threads Total time taken " + stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds);
    }
    private static void Runner(
        Action testFunc,
        int count
        )
    {
        //Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessorAffinity = new IntPtr(2); // Use only the second core 
        Process.GetCurrentProcess().PriorityClass = ProcessPriorityClass.BelowNormal;
        Process.GetCurrentProcess().PriorityBoostEnabled = false;
        Thread.CurrentThread.Priority = ThreadPriority.Normal;
        var stopwatch = new Stopwatch();
        // warmup
        stopwatch.Start();
        while(stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds < 10000)
            testFunc();
        stopwatch.Stop();
        long elmsec = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
        {
            stopwatch.Reset();
            stopwatch.Start();
            testFunc();
            stopwatch.Stop();
            elmsec += stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds;
            Console.WriteLine("Ticks: " + stopwatch.ElapsedTicks +
                            " mS: " + stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds + " Thread name: " + Thread.CurrentThread.Name);
        }
        Console.WriteLine("Total time taken " + elmsec + " Thread name: " + Thread.CurrentThread.Name);
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// Entry point
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="args"></param>
    private static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var files = GetFiles(args.FirstOrDefault());
        if (!files.Any())
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Source files were not found.");
            goto End;
        }           
        //// Run tests
        Console.WriteLine("ImageMagick run... Resize");
        Runner(() => PerformanceTests.RunResizeImageMagickTest(files[0]), 20);
        Console.WriteLine("Aurigma run... Resize");
        Runner(() => PerformanceTests.RunResizeAurigmaTest(files[0]), 20);
        Console.WriteLine("ImageMagick run... multi Resize");
        ThreadRunner(() => PerformanceTests.RunResizeImageMagickTest(files[0]), 20, 2);
        Console.WriteLine("Aurigma run... multi Resize");
        ThreadRunner(() => PerformanceTests.RunResizeAurigmaTest(files[0]), 20, 2);
    End:
        Console.WriteLine("Done");
        Console.ReadKey();
    }
    public static void RunResizeImageMagickTest(string source)
    {
        float[] ratios = { 0.25f, 0.8f, 1.4f };
        // load the source bitmap
        using (MagickImage bitmap = new MagickImage(source))
        {
            foreach (float ratio in ratios)
            {
                // determine the target image size
                var size = new Size((int)Math.Round(bitmap.Width * ratio), (int)Math.Round(bitmap.Height * ratio));
                MagickImage thumbnail = null;
                try
                {
                    thumbnail = new MagickImage(bitmap);
                    // scale the image down
                    thumbnail.Resize(size.Width, size.Height);
                }
                finally
                {
                    if (thumbnail != null && thumbnail != bitmap)
                    {
                        thumbnail.Dispose();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    public static void RunResizeAurigmaTest(string source)
    {
        float[] ratios = { 0.25f, 0.8f, 1.4f };
        //// load the source bitmap
        using (ABitmap bitmap = new ABitmap(source))
        {
            foreach (float ratio in ratios)
            {
                // determine the target image size
                var size = new Size((int)Math.Round(bitmap.Width * ratio), (int)Math.Round(bitmap.Height * ratio));
                ABitmap thumbnail = null;
                try
                {
                    thumbnail = new ABitmap();
                    // scale the image down
                    using (var resize = new Resize(size, InterpolationMode.HighQuality))
                    {
                        resize.ApplyTransform(bitmap, thumbnail);
                    }
                }
                finally
                {
                    if (thumbnail != null && thumbnail != bitmap)
                    {
                        thumbnail.Dispose();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
添加了用于测试的代码。我使用c#/。. NET, ImageMagick通过ImageMagick工作。Net库,Aurigma也有一个。对于IM。net lib是在c++/CLI上编写的,IM是C。

OpenMP for IM已关闭。

可能是内存缓存问题。以某种方式使用内存的多个线程可能会创建一个场景,其中一个线程使另一个线程正在使用的缓存内存无效,从而导致停机。

不是纯粹的数字运算,而是依赖于大量IO (CPU<->Memory)的程序更难分析。

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