我是Django的初学者，每次打开新终端时，我都很困惑如何始终如一地设置Django。无论何时，我都必须重新启动并执行以下操作：
-
将目录(
cd)更改为启动虚拟环境(source bin/activate)的trydjango目录 -
在终端在
(trydjango) lyons-MacBook-Air:trydjango lyons$的最左边具有自动(trydjango)之后，我知道我启用了虚拟环境。 -
然后，我通过输入
python manage.py runserver的终端转到src目录
每当我进入runserver步骤(步骤3)时，我都会遇到一致的错误(例如AttributeError)。我做错什么了吗？
以下是错误的完整跟踪
(trydjango) lyons-MacBook-Air:src lyons$ python manage.py runserver
Performing system checks...
Unhandled exception in thread started by <function check_errors.<locals>.wrapper at 0x10d5a6b90>
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 225, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 120, in inner_run
self.check(display_num_errors=True)
File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 364, in check
include_deployment_checks=include_deployment_checks,
File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 351, in _run_checks
return checks.run_checks(**kwargs)
File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/registry.py", line 73, in run_checks
new_errors = check(app_configs=app_configs)
File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 13, in check_url_config
return check_resolver(resolver)
File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 23, in check_resolver
return check_method()
File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 399, in check
for pattern in self.url_patterns:
File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 36, in __get__
res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 540, in url_patterns
patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)
File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 36, in __get__
res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 533, in urlconf_module
return import_module(self.urlconf_name)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 967, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 677, in _load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 728, in exec_module
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/src/trydjango/urls.py", line 22, in <module>
path('', home_view, name='home'),
NameError: name 'home_view' is not defined
Performing system checks...
Unhandled exception in thread started by <function check_errors.<locals>.wrapper at 0x10d4a3b90>
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 225, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 120, in inner_run
self.check(display_num_errors=True)
File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 364, in check
include_deployment_checks=include_deployment_checks,
File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 351, in _run_checks
return checks.run_checks(**kwargs)
File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/registry.py", line 73, in run_checks
new_errors = check(app_configs=app_configs)
File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 13, in check_url_config
return check_resolver(resolver)
File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 23, in check_resolver
return check_method()
File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 399, in check
for pattern in self.url_patterns:
File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 36, in __get__
res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 540, in url_patterns
patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)
File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 36, in __get__
res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 533, in urlconf_module
return import_module(self.urlconf_name)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 967, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 677, in _load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 728, in exec_module
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/src/trydjango/urls.py", line 22, in <module>
path('', views.home_view, name='home'),
AttributeError: module 'pages.views' has no attribute 'home_view'
视图.py
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
# Create your views here.
def home_view(*args, **kwargs): # args, kwargs
return HttpResponse("<h1>Hello World</h1>") # string of HTML code
urls.py
"""trydjango URL Configuration
The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from pages import views #from pages import views
urlpatterns = [
path('', views.home_view, name='home'),
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]
要告诉您启动项目的确切步骤并不容易。
-
django-admin startproject new_project_name创建新项目 -
manage.py runserver IP:Port启动时运行服务器，http://127.0.0.1:8000/或http://localhost:8000/ -
manage.py startapp new_APP_name在new_project_name中创建新的APP -
manage.py makemigrations在newprojectname中告诉django项目已更改，然后构建一个迁移文件。 -
manage.py migrate在new_project_name中进行更新。 -
在new_project_name/new_projectname/settings.py中
INSTALLED_APPS在new_APP_name\apps.py 中添加具有new_APP_name.apps.new Appconfig subclass name的项目 -
在new_project_name/new_projectname/urls.py中添加URL解析器，例如
from . import views urlpatterns = [ path('', views.Topic, name='index') ] -
在new_project_name/new_APP_name/admin.py寄存器模型中，例如
from .models import Topic admin.site.register(Topic)