C-是否有更有效的方法来做到这一点



首先,是的,这是我班上的实验室活动,但是我已经提交并辩护了这项练习。我想知道的是,如果有另一种方法,是编写此代码的更有效的方法。

我们要做的是编写一个创建一个过程的代码,从而创建一个孩子,从而创造了另一个孩子并最终创造了另一个孩子。

*编辑:我分开并编号要求更好的可读性:)

  1. 最后一个孩子将显示系统中运行的当前过程。

  2. 其父母会要求一个单词,然后使用用户的输入创建文件。

  3. 其父母会要求一个单词或一个短语,然后在计算机的库中找到它(假设我输入HI,它应该找到并列出包含HI&目录的文件。位置。位置。hi一词不重要)

  4. 最后,主要父母只会打印其父ID。

这是我的完整代码:

int main(void){ 
    char fileName[30];
    char phrase[30];
    int pid = fork();
    int fd[2];
    pipe(fd);
    if(pid==0){
        printf ("CHILD1: I am the 1st childn");
        printf ("CHILD1: ID is %d n", getpid());
        printf ("CHILD1: Parent ID is %d n", getppid());
        int pid2 = fork();
        if(pid2==0){
            printf ("t CHILD2: I am the 2nd childn");
            printf ("t CHILD2: ID is %d n", getpid());
            printf ("t CHILD2: Parent ID is %d n", getppid());
            int pid3 = fork();      
                if(pid3==0){
                    printf ("tt CHILD3: I am the 3rd childn");
                    printf ("tt CHILD3: ID is %d n", getpid());
                    printf ("tt CHILD3: Parent ID is %d n", getppid());
                    execlp ("/usr/bin/top", "top", NULL);
                }else if(pid3==-1){
                    printf ("ID is %d", getpid());
                    printf ("error");
                    exit(1);
                }else{
                    wait(NULL);
                    printf ("t CHILD2: Enter a filename: ");
                    scanf ("%s", fileName);
                    printf ("t CHILD2: %s was succcessfully created!n", fileName);
                    execlp ("/bin/touch", "touch", fileName, NULL); 
                }
        }else if(pid2==-1){
            printf ("ID is %d", getpid());
            printf ("error");
            exit(1);
        }else{
            wait(NULL);
            int pid4 = fork();
                if(pid4 > 0) {
                    printf ("CHILD1: Enter a pharse: ");
                    scanf ("%s", phrase);
                    close(fd[1]);
                    close(STDIN_FILENO);
                    dup2(fd[0],STDIN_FILENO);
                    execlp ("/bin/grep", "grep", phrase, NULL);
                }else if (pid4 == 0) {
                    close(fd[0]);
                    close(STDOUT_FILENO);
                    dup2(fd[1],STDOUT_FILENO);
                    execlp ("/usr/bin/find", "find", NULL);
                }else {
                    printf ("error");
                }
        }       
    }else if(pid==-1){
        printf ("ID is %d", getpid());
        printf ("error");
        exit(1);
    }else{
        wait(NULL);
        printf ("PARENT: I am the parentn");
        printf ("PARENT: ID is %d n", getpid());
    }
}

您的代码在运行时和行数方面似乎相当有效,但是单个主要功能深深嵌套,对人类很少有帮助,他们会尝试阅读和理解什么你已经完成了。

考虑另一个习语:一个更模块化的习语,在其中审阅者更容易跟随过程的过程(IMHO)。(我还调用PS而不是顶部,因此在此步骤中不需要键盘交互。)

我的方法更"有效"?可以说是不,尽管我更喜欢这种每项功能的方法更直接的编码。父母和子女过程的链接是人为的,但是您的任务也是如此。

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
/*
 * run the passed function in a child process, and return
 * from this function only if the child process runs and
 * exits with status of 0.
 */
static void
run_func_in_child(void (*f)())
{
    int status;
    pid_t pid = fork();
    switch (pid) {
    case -1:
        perror("fork");
        exit(1);
    case 0: /* child */
        (*f)();
        break;
    default: /* parent */
        if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) == -1) {
             perror("waitpid");
             exit(1);
        }
        if (WIFEXITED(status) && WEXITSTATUS(status) == 0) {
             return;
        }
        fprintf(stderr, "child did not exit cleanlyn");
        exit(1);
    }
}
/*
 * scanf would be simpler, but let's protect against buffer overruns
 */
static void
get_rsp(const char *prompt, char *buf, size_t blen)
{
    int bl;
    printf("%s: ", prompt);
    fflush(stdout);
    if (fgets(buf, blen, stdin) == NULL) {
        if (ferror(stdin)) {
            perror("read");
        }
        exit(1);
    }
    bl = strlen(buf);
    if (bl > 0 && buf[bl - 1] == 'n') {
        buf[bl - 1] = '';
    }
}
static void
child_4()
{
    execlp("/usr/bin/ps", "ps", "-www", "-e", "f", NULL);
    perror("exec /usr/bin/ps");
    exit(1);
}
static void
child_3()
{
    char buf[256];
    int fd;
    run_func_in_child(child_4);
    get_rsp("File name", buf, sizeof buf);
    if (access(buf, F_OK) == 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s already existsn", buf);
        exit(1);
    }
    if ((fd = creat(buf, 0644)) == -1) {
        perror("creat");
        exit(1);
    }
    close(fd);
    printf("Created empty file %sn", buf);
    exit(0);
}
static void
child_2()
{
    char buf[80];
    int fd[2];
    pid_t pid;
    run_func_in_child(child_3);
    get_rsp("Phrase", buf, sizeof buf);
    if (pipe(fd) == -1) {
        perror("pipe");
        exit(1);
    }
    pid = fork();
    switch (pid) {
    case -1:
        perror("fork");
        exit(1);
    case 0:
        /* no explicit wait for this child-of-child
         * process, but when its parent (the grep) exits,
         * init becomes the parent, and does the wait
         */
        dup2(fd[1], 1);
        close(fd[0]);
        close(fd[1]);
        execlp("/usr/bin/find", "find", NULL);
        perror("exec of find");
        exit(1);
    default:
        dup2(fd[0], 0);
        close(fd[0]);
        close(fd[1]);
        execlp("/usr/bin/grep", "grep", buf, NULL);
        perror("exec of grep");
        exit(1);
    }
}
static void
child_1()
{
    run_func_in_child(child_2);
    printf("Child 1: pid is %d; ppid is %dn", getpid(), getppid());
    exit(0);
}
int
main(int ac, char *av[])
{
    run_func_in_child(child_1);
    return 0;
}

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