首先,是的,这是我班上的实验室活动,但是我已经提交并辩护了这项练习。我想知道的是,如果有另一种方法,是编写此代码的更有效的方法。
我们要做的是编写一个创建一个过程的代码,从而创建一个孩子,从而创造了另一个孩子并最终创造了另一个孩子。
*编辑:我分开并编号要求更好的可读性:)
-
最后一个孩子将显示系统中运行的当前过程。
-
其父母会要求一个单词,然后使用用户的输入创建文件。
-
其父母会要求一个单词或一个短语,然后在计算机的库中找到它(假设我输入HI,它应该找到并列出包含HI&目录的文件。位置。位置。hi一词不重要)
-
最后,主要父母只会打印其父ID。
这是我的完整代码:
int main(void){
char fileName[30];
char phrase[30];
int pid = fork();
int fd[2];
pipe(fd);
if(pid==0){
printf ("CHILD1: I am the 1st childn");
printf ("CHILD1: ID is %d n", getpid());
printf ("CHILD1: Parent ID is %d n", getppid());
int pid2 = fork();
if(pid2==0){
printf ("t CHILD2: I am the 2nd childn");
printf ("t CHILD2: ID is %d n", getpid());
printf ("t CHILD2: Parent ID is %d n", getppid());
int pid3 = fork();
if(pid3==0){
printf ("tt CHILD3: I am the 3rd childn");
printf ("tt CHILD3: ID is %d n", getpid());
printf ("tt CHILD3: Parent ID is %d n", getppid());
execlp ("/usr/bin/top", "top", NULL);
}else if(pid3==-1){
printf ("ID is %d", getpid());
printf ("error");
exit(1);
}else{
wait(NULL);
printf ("t CHILD2: Enter a filename: ");
scanf ("%s", fileName);
printf ("t CHILD2: %s was succcessfully created!n", fileName);
execlp ("/bin/touch", "touch", fileName, NULL);
}
}else if(pid2==-1){
printf ("ID is %d", getpid());
printf ("error");
exit(1);
}else{
wait(NULL);
int pid4 = fork();
if(pid4 > 0) {
printf ("CHILD1: Enter a pharse: ");
scanf ("%s", phrase);
close(fd[1]);
close(STDIN_FILENO);
dup2(fd[0],STDIN_FILENO);
execlp ("/bin/grep", "grep", phrase, NULL);
}else if (pid4 == 0) {
close(fd[0]);
close(STDOUT_FILENO);
dup2(fd[1],STDOUT_FILENO);
execlp ("/usr/bin/find", "find", NULL);
}else {
printf ("error");
}
}
}else if(pid==-1){
printf ("ID is %d", getpid());
printf ("error");
exit(1);
}else{
wait(NULL);
printf ("PARENT: I am the parentn");
printf ("PARENT: ID is %d n", getpid());
}
}
您的代码在运行时和行数方面似乎相当有效,但是单个主要功能深深嵌套,对人类很少有帮助,他们会尝试阅读和理解什么你已经完成了。
考虑另一个习语:一个更模块化的习语,在其中审阅者更容易跟随过程的过程(IMHO)。(我还调用PS而不是顶部,因此在此步骤中不需要键盘交互。)
我的方法更"有效"?可以说是不,尽管我更喜欢这种每项功能的方法更直接的编码。父母和子女过程的链接是人为的,但是您的任务也是如此。
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
/*
* run the passed function in a child process, and return
* from this function only if the child process runs and
* exits with status of 0.
*/
static void
run_func_in_child(void (*f)())
{
int status;
pid_t pid = fork();
switch (pid) {
case -1:
perror("fork");
exit(1);
case 0: /* child */
(*f)();
break;
default: /* parent */
if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) == -1) {
perror("waitpid");
exit(1);
}
if (WIFEXITED(status) && WEXITSTATUS(status) == 0) {
return;
}
fprintf(stderr, "child did not exit cleanlyn");
exit(1);
}
}
/*
* scanf would be simpler, but let's protect against buffer overruns
*/
static void
get_rsp(const char *prompt, char *buf, size_t blen)
{
int bl;
printf("%s: ", prompt);
fflush(stdout);
if (fgets(buf, blen, stdin) == NULL) {
if (ferror(stdin)) {
perror("read");
}
exit(1);
}
bl = strlen(buf);
if (bl > 0 && buf[bl - 1] == 'n') {
buf[bl - 1] = ' ';
}
}
static void
child_4()
{
execlp("/usr/bin/ps", "ps", "-www", "-e", "f", NULL);
perror("exec /usr/bin/ps");
exit(1);
}
static void
child_3()
{
char buf[256];
int fd;
run_func_in_child(child_4);
get_rsp("File name", buf, sizeof buf);
if (access(buf, F_OK) == 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s already existsn", buf);
exit(1);
}
if ((fd = creat(buf, 0644)) == -1) {
perror("creat");
exit(1);
}
close(fd);
printf("Created empty file %sn", buf);
exit(0);
}
static void
child_2()
{
char buf[80];
int fd[2];
pid_t pid;
run_func_in_child(child_3);
get_rsp("Phrase", buf, sizeof buf);
if (pipe(fd) == -1) {
perror("pipe");
exit(1);
}
pid = fork();
switch (pid) {
case -1:
perror("fork");
exit(1);
case 0:
/* no explicit wait for this child-of-child
* process, but when its parent (the grep) exits,
* init becomes the parent, and does the wait
*/
dup2(fd[1], 1);
close(fd[0]);
close(fd[1]);
execlp("/usr/bin/find", "find", NULL);
perror("exec of find");
exit(1);
default:
dup2(fd[0], 0);
close(fd[0]);
close(fd[1]);
execlp("/usr/bin/grep", "grep", buf, NULL);
perror("exec of grep");
exit(1);
}
}
static void
child_1()
{
run_func_in_child(child_2);
printf("Child 1: pid is %d; ppid is %dn", getpid(), getppid());
exit(0);
}
int
main(int ac, char *av[])
{
run_func_in_child(child_1);
return 0;
}