我真的希望有人能帮助我。我正在尝试使用cygwin在Windows 10机器上安装Django服务器。
到目前为止，我设法运行了测试 serevr，我想将其连接到在 Windows 机器上运行的 MySql 服务器实例。由于我使用的是 Python3，我需要 mysqlclient 驱动程序，如 Django 文档中所述。
我尝试使用 pip 安装它，但出现 gcc 错误：
$ pip install mysqlclient
Collecting mysqlclient
Using cached mysqlclient-1.3.9.tar.gz
Building wheels for collected packages: mysqlclient
Running setup.py bdist_wheel for mysqlclient: started
Running setup.py bdist_wheel for mysqlclient: finished with status 'error'
Complete output from command /usr/bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-r0034q8_/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('rn', 'n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d /tmp/tmpv8u4dfwopip-wheel- --python-tag cp34:
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4
copying _mysql_exceptions.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4
creating build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/compat.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb
creating build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/REFRESH.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb/constants
running build_ext
building '_mysql' extension
creating build/temp.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4
gcc -Wno-unused-result -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -ggdb -O2 -pipe -Wimplicit-function-declaration -fdebug-prefix-map=/usr/src/ports/python3/python3-3.4.5-1.x86_64/build=/usr/src/debug/python3-3.4.5-1 -fdebug-prefix-map=/usr/src/ports/python3/python3-3.4.5-1.x86_64/src/Python-3.4.5=/usr/src/debug/python3-3.4.5-1 -Dversion_info=(1,3,9,'final',1) -D__version__=1.3.9 -I/usr/include/python3.4m -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/_mysql.o "-I/cygdrive/d/tweb/mysql/include/mysql" "/MT" "/Zi" "/O2" "/Ob1" "/D" "NDEBUG" "-DDBUG_OFF"
gcc: error: "-I/cygdrive/d/tweb/mysql/include/mysql": No such file or directory
gcc: error: "/MT": No such file or directory
gcc: error: "/Zi": No such file or directory
gcc: error: "/O2": No such file or directory
gcc: error: "/Ob1": No such file or directory
gcc: error: "/D": No such file or directory
gcc: error: "NDEBUG": No such file or directory
gcc: error: "-DDBUG_OFF": No such file or directory
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
Failed building wheel for mysqlclient
Running setup.py clean for mysqlclient
Failed to build mysqlclient
Installing collected packages: mysqlclient
Running setup.py install for mysqlclient: started
Running setup.py install for mysqlclient: finished with status 'error'
Complete output from command /usr/bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-r0034q8_/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('rn', 'n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-0zo72r3z-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4
copying _mysql_exceptions.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4
creating build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/compat.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb
creating build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/REFRESH.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/MySQLdb/constants
running build_ext
building '_mysql' extension
creating build/temp.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4
gcc -Wno-unused-result -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -ggdb -O2 -pipe -Wimplicit-function-declaration -fdebug-prefix-map=/usr/src/ports/python3/python3-3.4.5-1.x86_64/build=/usr/src/debug/python3-3.4.5-1 -fdebug-prefix-map=/usr/src/ports/python3/python3-3.4.5-1.x86_64/src/Python-3.4.5=/usr/src/debug/python3-3.4.5-1 -Dversion_info=(1,3,9,'final',1) -D__version__=1.3.9 -I/usr/include/python3.4m -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/_mysql.o "-I/cygdrive/d/tweb/mysql/include/mysql" "/MT" "/Zi" "/O2" "/Ob1" "/D" "NDEBUG" "-DDBUG_OFF"
gcc: error: "-I/cygdrive/d/tweb/mysql/include/mysql": No such file or directory
gcc: error: "/MT": No such file or directory
gcc: error: "/Zi": No such file or directory
gcc: error: "/O2": No such file or directory
gcc: error: "/Ob1": No such file or directory
gcc: error: "/D": No such file or directory
gcc: error: "NDEBUG": No such file or directory
gcc: error: "-DDBUG_OFF": No such file or directory
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
Command "/usr/bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-r0034q8_/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('rn', 'n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-0zo72r3z-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-r0034q8_/mysqlclient/
D:twebmysql是安装Windows MySql serevr的地方(这是一个便携式安装)
我使用的环境是：
$ python --version
Python 3.4.5
$ pip --version
pip 9.0.1 from /usr/lib/python3.4/site-packages (python 3.4)
$ python -m django --version
1.10.4
$ ls -l `which gcc`
-rwxr-xr-x 3 Stefano None 790035 13 giu 2016 /usr/bin/gcc
我还从cygwin安装程序安装了其他gcc版本，这是我现在所拥有的一切：
$ ls -l /usr/bin/ | grep gcc
lrwxrwxrwx 1 Stefano None 7 15 dic 16.42 cc -> gcc.exe
-rwxr-xr-x 1 Stefano None 6707 6 gen 2010 colorgcc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 Stefano None 71187 13 giu 2016 cyggcc_s-seh-1.dll
-rwxr-xr-x 3 Stefano None 790035 13 giu 2016 gcc.exe
-rwxr-xr-x 2 Stefano None 26643 13 giu 2016 gcc-ar.exe
-rwxr-xr-x 2 Stefano None 26643 13 giu 2016 gcc-nm.exe
-rwxr-xr-x 2 Stefano None 26643 13 giu 2016 gcc-ranlib.exe
-rwxr-xr-x 2 Stefano None 731155 24 giu 23.52 i686-pc-cygwin-gcc.exe
-rwxr-xr-x 2 Stefano None 731155 24 giu 23.52 i686-pc-cygwin-gcc-5.4.0.exe
-rwxr-xr-x 1 Stefano None 26643 24 giu 23.52 i686-pc-cygwin-gcc-ar.exe
-rwxr-xr-x 1 Stefano None 26643 24 giu 23.52 i686-pc-cygwin-gcc-nm.exe
-rwxr-xr-x 1 Stefano None 26643 24 giu 23.52 i686-pc-cygwin-gcc-ranlib.exe
-rwxr-xr-x 3 Stefano None 790035 13 giu 2016 x86_64-pc-cygwin-gcc.exe
-rwxr-xr-x 3 Stefano None 790035 13 giu 2016 x86_64-pc-cygwin-gcc-5.4.0.exe
-rwxr-xr-x 2 Stefano None 26643 13 giu 2016 x86_64-pc-cygwin-gcc-ar.exe
-rwxr-xr-x 2 Stefano None 26643 13 giu 2016 x86_64-pc-cygwin-gcc-nm.exe
-rwxr-xr-x 2 Stefano None 26643 13 giu 2016 x86_64-pc-cygwin-gcc-ranlib.exe
-rwxr-xr-x 2 Stefano None 790547 5 nov 04.19 x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc.exe
-rwxr-xr-x 2 Stefano None 790547 5 nov 04.19 x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc-5.4.0.exe
-rwxr-xr-x 1 Stefano None 26643 5 nov 04.19 x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc-ar.exe
-rwxr-xr-x 1 Stefano None 26643 5 nov 04.19 x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc-nm.exe
-rwxr-xr-x 1 Stefano None 26643 5 nov 04.19 x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc-ranlib.exe
我试图通过创建一个名为gcc的符号链接来使用其他 gcc 版本，/usr/lib到其他gcc.exe，但我总是得到同样的错误。
我也按照此SO中的建议尝试了这个MinGW编译器，但是我遇到了不同的错误(它抱怨-Wno-unused-result标志)
有人知道吗？我做错了什么？
编辑(根据克里斯评论)：
我尝试了这个"可能的重复"解决方案，但我无法安装Christoph Gohlke网站上提供的weehls，因为它们不适合cygwin。我还试图欺骗皮普接受它;这是Cygwin将接受的
$ python
Python 3.4.5 (default, Oct 10 2016, 14:41:48)
[GCC 5.4.0] on cygwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import pip
>>> print(pip.pep425tags.get_supported())
[('cp34', 'cp34m', 'cygwin_2_6_0_x86_64'), ('cp34', 'abi3', 'cygwin_2_6_0_x86_64'), ('cp34', 'none', 'cygwin_2_6_0_x86_64'), ('cp33', 'abi3', 'cygwin_2_6_0_x86_64'), ('cp32', 'abi3', 'cygwin_2_6_0_x86_64'), ('py3', 'none', 'cygwin_2_6_0_x86_64'), ('cp34', 'none', 'any'), ('cp3', 'none', 'any'), ('py34', 'none', 'any'), ('py3', 'none', 'any'), ('py33', 'none', 'any'), ('py32', 'none', 'any'), ('py31', 'none', 'any'), ('py30', 'none', 'any')]
所以我mysqlclient‑1.3.9‑cp34‑cp34m‑win_amd64.whl下载了文件并将其重命名为mysqlclient‑1.3.9‑cp34‑cp34m‑cygwin_2_6_0_x86_64.whl.它说它已安装，所以我编辑了我的 djangosettings.py以使用 mysql 连接器：
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': ...,
'USER': ...,
'PASSWORD': ...,
'HOST': 'localhost',
'PORT': '3306',
}
但是 Django 仍然抱怨找不到 Mysqldb 模块：
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module: No module named '_mysql'
编辑 2(根据 Dan-Dev 评论)： 我尝试安装 libmysqlclient-devel，现在编译错误说：
building '_mysql' extension
creating build/temp.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4
gcc -Wno-unused-result -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -ggdb -O2 -pipe -Wimplicit-function-declaration -fdebug-prefix-map=/usr/src/ports/python3/python3-3.4.5-1.x86_64/build=/usr/src/debug/python3-3.4.5-1 -fdebug-prefix-map=/usr/src/ports/python3/python3-3.4.5-1.x86_64/src/Python-3.4.5=/usr/src/debug/python3-3.4.5-1 -Dversion_info=(1,3,9,'final',1) -D__version__=1.3.9 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/usr/include/python3.4m -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.cygwin-2.6.0-x86_64-3.4/_mysql.o
_mysql.c:40:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
我想它停止使用Windows库，而是使用从cygwin安装的库。我错过了别的东西吗？也许还有其他标题？
好的，我设法安装了这个软件包。
我按照上面的 Dan-Dev 评论安装了libmysqlclient-devel. 就我而言，这还不够，我还必须安装python-devel包。
然后我重新发出了命令：
pip install mysqlclient
它奏效了。
非常感谢你们:D