如果我有类型参数约束new()
:
void Foo<T>() where T : new()
{
var t = new T();
}
new T()
是否会在内部使用Activator.CreateInstance
方法(即反射)?
是的,这是真的。编辑2:这是一个很好的解释如何和为什么。
http://www.simple-talk.com/community/blogs/simonc/archive/2010/11/17/95700.aspx 为了验证,我编译了以下方法:public static T Create<T>() where T: new() {
return new T();
}
这是在。net 3.5 SP1中使用c#编译器编译时生成的IL:
.method public hidebysig static !!T Create<.ctor T>() cil managed
{
.maxstack 2
.locals init (
[0] !!T local,
[1] !!T local2)
L_0000: ldloca.s local
L_0002: initobj !!T
L_0008: ldloc.0
L_0009: box !!T
L_000e: brfalse.s L_001a
L_0010: ldloca.s local2
L_0012: initobj !!T
L_0018: ldloc.1
L_0019: ret
L_001a: call !!0 [mscorlib]System.Activator::CreateInstance<!!T>()
L_001f: ret
}
Edit: c# 4编译器创建的代码略有不同,但相似:
.method public hidebysig static !!T Create<.ctor T>() cil managed
{
.maxstack 2
.locals init (
[0] !!T CS$1$0000,
[1] !!T CS$0$0001)
L_0000: nop
L_0001: ldloca.s CS$0$0001
L_0003: initobj !!T
L_0009: ldloc.1
L_000a: box !!T
L_000f: brfalse.s L_001c
L_0011: ldloca.s CS$0$0001
L_0013: initobj !!T
L_0019: ldloc.1
L_001a: br.s L_0021
L_001c: call !!0 [mscorlib]System.Activator::CreateInstance<!!T>()
L_0021: stloc.0
L_0022: br.s L_0024
L_0024: ldloc.0
L_0025: ret
}
在值类型的情况下,它不使用激活器,而只返回default(T)
值,否则它调用Activator.CreateInstance
方法。
是。对于引用类型是这样的。
在以下发布编译的代码上使用ILSpy:
public static void DoWork<T>() where T: new()
{
T t = new T();
Console.WriteLine(t.ToString());
}
了
.method public hidebysig
instance void DoWork<.ctor T> () cil managed
{
// Method begins at RVA 0x2064
// Code size 52 (0x34)
.maxstack 2
.locals init (
[0] !!T t,
[1] !!T CS$0$0000,
[2] !!T CS$0$0001
)
IL_0000: ldloca.s CS$0$0000
IL_0002: initobj !!T
IL_0008: ldloc.1
IL_0009: box !!T
IL_000e: brfalse.s IL_001b
IL_0010: ldloca.s CS$0$0001
IL_0012: initobj !!T
IL_0018: ldloc.2
IL_0019: br.s IL_0020
IL_001b: call !!0 [mscorlib]System.Activator::CreateInstance<!!T>()
IL_0020: stloc.0
IL_0021: ldloca.s t
IL_0023: constrained. !!T
IL_0029: callvirt instance string [mscorlib]System.Object::ToString()
IL_002e: call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string)
IL_0033: ret
} // end of method Program::DoWork
或者c#中的
public void DoWork<T>() where T : new()
{
T t = (default(T) == null) ? Activator.CreateInstance<T>() : default(T);
Console.WriteLine(t.ToString());
}
JIT将为传入的每个不同值类型参数创建不同的编译指令,但将对引用类型使用相同的指令——因此使用Activator.CreateInstance()