我试图用.runsettings文件执行测试，但测试运行失败，并显示以下消息：
------ Run test started ------
Some or all identity references could not be translated.
Operation is not valid due to the current state of the object.
========== Run test finished: 0 run (0:00:00,2280287) ==========
EventLog提供了有关错误的更多详细信息：
Error Handler Exception: System.Security.Principal.IdentityNotMappedException: Some or all identity references could not be translated.
at System.Security.Principal.NTAccount.Translate(IdentityReferenceCollection sourceAccounts, Type targetType, Boolean forceSuccess)
at System.Security.Principal.NTAccount.Translate(Type targetType)
at Microsoft.VisualStudio.Enterprise.WebInstrument.IISResetter.CreateSidFromUser(String userName)
at Microsoft.VisualStudio.Enterprise.WebInstrument.IIS7Resetter.GetUserFromAppPool(ApplicationPool pool)
at Microsoft.VisualStudio.Enterprise.WebInstrument.IIS7Resetter.get_Users()
at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TraceCollector.CommonDataCollector.get_AllowedUsers()
at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TraceCollector.CommonDataCollector.InitiateCollection()
at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TraceCollector.CommonDataCollector.GetEnvironmentVariables()
at Microsoft.VisualStudio.Coverage.DynamicCoverageDataCollector.GetEnvironmentVariables()
at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TraceCollector.BaseDataCollector.Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.Execution.ITestExecutionEnvironmentSpecifier.GetTestExecutionEnvironmentVariables()
at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestPlatform.TestRunnerService.DataCollectors.TestPlatformDataCollectorInfo.GetTestExecutionEnvironmentVariablesSync()
at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestPlatform.TestRunnerService.DataCollectors.DataCollectionPluginManager.GetEnvironmentVariables(Boolean& unloadedAnyCollector)
at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestPlatform.TestRunnerService.DataCollectors.DataCollectionPluginManager.LoadAndInitDataCollectors(DataCollectionRunSettings dataCollectionSettings, Boolean& allCollectorsLoaded)
at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestPlatform.TestRunnerService.DataCollectors.DataCollectionPluginManager.LoadDataCollectors(RunSettings testRunSettings, Boolean& allCollectorsLoaded)
at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestPlatform.TestRunnerService.WcfTestRunnerService.BeforeTestRunStart(String settingsXml, Boolean resetDataCollectors, Boolean isRunStartingNow)
at SyncInvokeBeforeTestRunStart(Object , Object[] , Object[] )
at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.SyncMethodInvoker.Invoke(Object instance, Object[] inputs, Object[]& outputs)
at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.DispatchOperationRuntime.InvokeBegin(MessageRpc& rpc)
at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableDispatchRuntime.ProcessMessage5(MessageRpc& rpc)
at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableDispatchRuntime.ProcessMessage41(MessageRpc& rpc)
at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableDispatchRuntime.ProcessMessage4(MessageRpc& rpc)
at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableDispatchRuntime.ProcessMessage31(MessageRpc& rpc)
at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableDispatchRuntime.ProcessMessage3(MessageRpc& rpc)
at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableDispatchRuntime.ProcessMessage2(MessageRpc& rpc)
at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableDispatchRuntime.ProcessMessage11(MessageRpc& rpc)
at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableDispatchRuntime.ProcessMessage1(MessageRpc& rpc)
at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.MessageRpc.Process(Boolean isOperationContextSet) rn at System.Security.Principal.NTAccount.Translate(IdentityReferenceCollection sourceAccounts, Type targetType, Boolean forceSuccess)
at System.Security.Principal.NTAccount.Translate(Type targetType)
at Microsoft.VisualStudio.Enterprise.WebInstrument.IISResetter.CreateSidFromUser(String userName)
at Microsoft.VisualStudio.Enterprise.WebInstrument.IIS7Resetter.GetUserFromAppPool(ApplicationPool pool)
at Microsoft.VisualStudio.Enterprise.WebInstrument.IIS7Resetter.get_Users()
at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TraceCollector.CommonDataCollector.get_AllowedUsers()
at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TraceCollector.CommonDataCollector.InitiateCollection()
at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TraceCollector.CommonDataCollector.GetEnvironmentVariables()
at Microsoft.VisualStudio.Coverage.DynamicCoverageDataCollector.GetEnvironmentVariables()
at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TraceCollector.BaseDataCollector.Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.Execution.ITestExecutionEnvironmentSpecifier.GetTestExecutionEnvironmentVariables()
at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestPlatform.TestRunnerService.DataCollectors.TestPlatformDataCollectorInfo.GetTestExecutionEnvironmentVariablesSync()
at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestPlatform.TestRunnerService.DataCollectors.DataCollectionPluginManager.GetEnvironmentVariables(Boolean& unloadedAnyCollector)
at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestPlatform.TestRunnerService.DataCollectors.DataCollectionPluginManager.LoadAndInitDataCollectors(DataCollectionRunSettings dataCollectionSettings, Boolean& allCollectorsLoaded)
at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestPlatform.TestRunnerService.DataCollectors.DataCollectionPluginManager.LoadDataCollectors(RunSettings testRunSettings, Boolean& allCollectorsLoaded)
at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestPlatform.TestRunnerService.WcfTestRunnerService.BeforeTestRunStart(String settingsXml, Boolean resetDataCollectors, Boolean isRunStartingNow)
at SyncInvokeBeforeTestRunStart(Object , Object[] , Object[] )
at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.SyncMethodInvoker.Invoke(Object instance, Object[] inputs, Object[]& outputs)
at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.DispatchOperationRuntime.InvokeBegin(MessageRpc& rpc)
at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableDispatchRuntime.ProcessMessage5(MessageRpc& rpc)
at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableDispatchRuntime.ProcessMessage41(MessageRpc& rpc)
at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableDispatchRuntime.ProcessMessage4(MessageRpc& rpc)
at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableDispatchRuntime.ProcessMessage31(MessageRpc& rpc)
at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableDispatchRuntime.ProcessMessage3(MessageRpc& rpc)
at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableDispatchRuntime.ProcessMessage2(MessageRpc& rpc)
at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableDispatchRuntime.ProcessMessage11(MessageRpc& rpc)
at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableDispatchRuntime.ProcessMessage1(MessageRpc& rpc)
at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.MessageRpc.Process(Boolean isOperationContextSet)
删除.runsettings文件可以修复此问题，但在覆盖率报告中包含了一些我们要排除的程序集。
事实证明，当您包含这样一个文件时，ASP.NET代码覆盖率集合就会激活。这反过来需要重置应用程序池以将其自身连接到应用程序池。(因此引用了IIS7Resetter)。关闭ASP.NET代码覆盖率收集功能可解决错误：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- File name extension must be .runsettings -->
<RunSettings>
<DataCollectionRunSettings>
<DataCollectors>
<DataCollector friendlyName="Code Coverage" uri="datacollector://Microsoft/CodeCoverage/2.0" assemblyQualifiedName="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Coverage.DynamicCoverageDataCollector, Microsoft.VisualStudio.TraceCollector, Version=12.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a">
<Configuration>
<CodeCoverage>
<!-- Include the below line in your .runsettings file-->
<CollectAspDotNet>False</CollectAspDotNet>
</CodeCoverage>
</Configuration>
</DataCollector>
</DataCollectors>
</DataCollectionRunSettings>
</RunSettings>
但这并不能解释出了什么问题。由于堆栈跟踪提示应用程序池用户，我们开始对此进行调查。事实证明，将应用程序池设置为LocalSystem或NetworkService实际上也解决了这个问题。我们将其配置为.SomeLocalUser。更多的修补发现了根本原因，用于获取应用程序池标识的代码不喜欢短符号。实际上输入机器名称完全修复了它：MachineNameSomeLocaluser。我怀疑这是Visual studio中的一个实际错误，它将在未来的时间内得到修复，但在那之前，这两个选项可能也会帮助其他人找出问题所在。
注意：默认情况下，最好将CollectAspDotNet选项设置为False。只要您没有针对服务器运行集成测试或CodedUI测试，它就会大大加快测试运行速度。
另请参阅：
- https://jessehouwing.net/visual-studio-vstest-fix-identity-references/
- http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/jj159530%28v=vs.110%29.aspx