pbuffer与fbo在egl屏幕外渲染

Question

我对egl-pbuffer曲面感到非常困惑。在我看来，pbuffer曲面是一个独立于平台的曲面，就像windows曲面或pixmap曲面一样。被画到那个表面的东西，虽然看不见，但应该能够被读回。

这个问题的答案似乎证实了我的理解：

与使用OpenGL ES（EGL）的eglCreatePbufferSurface和eglCreatePixmapSurface的区别

然而，我的实验表明，除了使用pbuffer曲面外，我还需要创建一个fbo缓冲区。

这段代码似乎对我有效，它创建了一个pbuffer曲面，然后创建了fbo。

#include <GLES2/gl2.h>
#include <EGL/egl.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    EGLint ai32ContextAttribs[] = { EGL_CONTEXT_CLIENT_VERSION, 2,
                                                     EGL_NONE };
    // Step 1 - Get the default display.
    EGLDisplay eglDisplay = eglGetDisplay((EGLNativeDisplayType)0);
    // Step 2 - Initialize EGL.
    eglInitialize(eglDisplay, 0, 0);
    // Step 3 - Make OpenGL ES the current API.
    eglBindAPI(EGL_OPENGL_ES_API);
    // Step 4 - Specify the required configuration attributes.
    EGLint pi32ConfigAttribs[5];
    pi32ConfigAttribs[0] = EGL_SURFACE_TYPE;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[1] = EGL_WINDOW_BIT;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[2] = EGL_RENDERABLE_TYPE;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[3] = EGL_OPENGL_ES2_BIT;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[4] = EGL_NONE;
    // Step 5 - Find a config that matches all requirements.
    int iConfigs;
    EGLConfig eglConfig;
    eglChooseConfig(eglDisplay, pi32ConfigAttribs, &eglConfig, 1, &iConfigs);
    if (iConfigs != 1) 
    {
        printf("Error: eglChooseConfig(): config not found.n");
        exit(-1);
    }
    // Step 6 - Create a surface to draw to.
    EGLSurface eglSurface;
    eglSurface = eglCreatePbufferSurface(eglDisplay, eglConfig, NULL);
    // Step 7 - Create a context.
    EGLContext eglContext;
    eglContext = eglCreateContext(eglDisplay, eglConfig, NULL, ai32ContextAttribs);
    // Step 8 - Bind the context to the current thread
    eglMakeCurrent(eglDisplay, eglSurface, eglSurface, eglContext);
    GLuint fboId = 0;
    GLuint renderBufferWidth = 1920;
    GLuint renderBufferHeight = 1080;
    // Step 9 - create a framebuffer object
    glGenFramebuffers(1, &fboId);
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fboId);
    GLuint renderBuffer;
    glGenRenderbuffers(1, &renderBuffer);
    glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, renderBuffer);
    glRenderbufferStorage(GL_RENDERBUFFER, GL_RGB565, renderBufferWidth, renderBufferHeight);
    glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_RENDERBUFFER, renderBuffer);
    GLuint depthRenderbuffer;
    glGenRenderbuffers(1, &depthRenderbuffer);
    glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, depthRenderbuffer);
    glRenderbufferStorage(GL_RENDERBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT16, renderBufferWidth, renderBufferHeight);
    glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, GL_RENDERBUFFER, depthRenderbuffer);
    // Step 10 - check FBO status
    GLenum status = glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER);
    if(status != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE) 
    {
        printf("Problem with OpenGL framebuffer after specifying color render buffer: n%xn", status);
    } 
    else 
    {
        printf("FBO creation succeddedn");
    }
    int size = 4 * renderBufferHeight * renderBufferWidth;
    unsigned char *data2 = new unsigned char[size];
    // Step 11 - clear the screen in Red and read it back
    glClearColor(1.0,0.0,0.0,1.0);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
    eglSwapBuffers( eglDisplay, eglSurface);
    glReadPixels(0,0,renderBufferWidth,renderBufferHeight,GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data2);
   ... save data2 to image ...
}

然而，如果我删除fbo，并尝试直接绘制到pbuffer，我会在调用glClear（）函数后立即看到分段错误：

#include <GLES2/gl2.h>
#include <EGL/egl.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    EGLint ai32ContextAttribs[] = { EGL_CONTEXT_CLIENT_VERSION, 2,
                                                     EGL_NONE };
    // Step 1 - Get the default display.
    EGLDisplay eglDisplay = eglGetDisplay((EGLNativeDisplayType)0);
    // Step 2 - Initialize EGL.
    eglInitialize(eglDisplay, 0, 0);
    // Step 3 - Make OpenGL ES the current API.
    eglBindAPI(EGL_OPENGL_ES_API);
    // Step 4 - Specify the required configuration attributes.
    EGLint pi32ConfigAttribs[5];
    pi32ConfigAttribs[0] = EGL_SURFACE_TYPE;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[1] = EGL_WINDOW_BIT;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[2] = EGL_RENDERABLE_TYPE;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[3] = EGL_OPENGL_ES2_BIT;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[4] = EGL_NONE;
    // Step 5 - Find a config that matches all requirements.
    int iConfigs;
    EGLConfig eglConfig;
    eglChooseConfig(eglDisplay, pi32ConfigAttribs, &eglConfig, 1, &iConfigs);
    if (iConfigs != 1) 
    {
        printf("Error: eglChooseConfig(): config not found.n");
        exit(-1);
    }
     // Step 6 - Create a surface to draw to.
     EGLSurface eglSurface;
     eglSurface = eglCreatePbufferSurface(eglDisplay, eglConfig, NULL);
     // Step 7 - Create a context.
     EGLContext eglContext;
     eglContext = eglCreateContext(eglDisplay, eglConfig, NULL, ai32ContextAttribs);
     // Step 8 - Bind the context to the current thread
     eglMakeCurrent(eglDisplay, eglSurface, eglSurface, eglContext);
     int size = 4 * renderBufferHeight * renderBufferWidth;
     unsigned char *data2 = new unsigned char[size];
     // Step 11 - clear the screen in Red and read it back
     glClearColor(1.0,0.0,0.0,1.0);
     glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
     eglSwapBuffers(    eglDisplay, eglSurface);
     glReadPixels(0,0,renderBufferWidth,renderBufferHeight,GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data2);
     ... save data2 to image ...
}

我的环境是ubuntu 14与英特尔图形/台面。

你知道我为什么看到分割错误吗？（我检查了eglcontext，它似乎创建成功了。）你能确认pbuffer曲面需要fbo吗？

EDIT：正如Reto所指出的，我的问题是因为缺少属性

在设置了这些属性之后，我就可以使用opengl的es2上下文了。然而，我仍然对桌面opengl上下文有问题。

使用桌面opengl上下文，我只能得到一个透明的图像，而不是读回一个红色图像。这是我当前的代码：

#include <QCoreApplication>
#include <QDebug>
#include <QImage>
#include <GL/gl.h>
#include <EGL/egl.h>
#include <QElapsedTimer>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    // Step 1 - Get the default display.
    EGLDisplay eglDisplay = eglGetDisplay((EGLNativeDisplayType)0);
    // Step 2 - Initialize EGL.
    eglInitialize(eglDisplay, 0, 0);
    // Step 3 - Make OpenGL ES the current API.
    eglBindAPI(EGL_OPENGL_API);
    // Step 4 - Specify the required configuration attributes.
    EGLint pi32ConfigAttribs[5];
    pi32ConfigAttribs[0] = EGL_SURFACE_TYPE;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[1] = EGL_PBUFFER_BIT;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[2] = EGL_RENDERABLE_TYPE;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[3] = EGL_OPENGL_BIT;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[4] = EGL_CONFORMANT;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[5] = EGL_OPENGL_BIT;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[6] = EGL_COLOR_BUFFER_TYPE;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[7] = EGL_RGB_BUFFER;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[8] = EGL_LUMINANCE_SIZE;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[9] = 0;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[10] = EGL_RED_SIZE;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[11] = 8;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[12] = EGL_GREEN_SIZE;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[13] = 8;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[14] = EGL_BLUE_SIZE;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[15] = 8;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[16] = EGL_ALPHA_SIZE;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[17] = 8;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[18] = EGL_DEPTH_SIZE;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[19] = 8;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[20] = EGL_LEVEL;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[21] = 0;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[22] = EGL_BUFFER_SIZE;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[23] = 24;
    pi32ConfigAttribs[24] = EGL_NONE;
    // Step 5 - Find a config that matches all requirements.
    int iConfigs;
    EGLConfig eglConfig;
    eglChooseConfig(eglDisplay, pi32ConfigAttribs, &eglConfig, 1, &iConfigs);
    qDebug() << "egl error" << eglGetError();
    if (iConfigs != 1)
    {
        printf("Error: eglChooseConfig(): config not found.n");
        exit(-1);
    }
    EGLint pbufferAttribs[5];
    pbufferAttribs[0] = EGL_WIDTH;
    pbufferAttribs[1] = 1920;
    pbufferAttribs[2] = EGL_HEIGHT;
    pbufferAttribs[3] = 1080;
    pbufferAttribs[4] = EGL_NONE;
    // Step 6 - Create a surface to draw to.
    EGLSurface eglSurface;
    eglSurface = eglCreatePbufferSurface(eglDisplay, eglConfig, pbufferAttribs);
    qDebug() << "egl error" << eglGetError();
    if (eglSurface == EGL_NO_SURFACE)
    {
        qDebug() << "surface issue";
    }
    // Step 7 - Create a context.
    EGLContext eglContext;
    eglContext = eglCreateContext(eglDisplay, eglConfig, NULL, NULL);
    qDebug() << "egl error" << eglGetError();
    if (eglContext == EGL_NO_CONTEXT)
    {
         qDebug() << "context issue";
    }
    // Step 8 - Bind the context to the current thread
    bool result = eglMakeCurrent(eglDisplay, eglSurface, eglSurface, eglContext);
    if (!result)
    {
        qDebug() << "make current error" << eglGetError();
    }
    qDebug() << "egl error" << eglGetError();
    GLuint renderBufferWidth = 1920;
    GLuint renderBufferHeight = 1080;
    QElapsedTimer benchmarkTimer;
    int size = 4 * renderBufferHeight * renderBufferWidth;
    unsigned char *data2 = new unsigned char[size];
    int i = 0;
    benchmarkTimer.start();
    while(i<1000)
    {
        glClearColor(1.0,0.0,0.0,1.0);
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
        eglSwapBuffers( eglDisplay, eglSurface);
        glReadPixels(0,0,renderBufferWidth,renderBufferHeight,GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data2);
        ++i;
    }
    qDebug() << "fps" << 1000.0*1000.0/benchmarkTimer.elapsed();
    QImage saveImage(data2, renderBufferWidth, renderBufferHeight, QImage::Format_RGBA8888_Premultiplied);
    saveImage.save("haha.png");
    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);
    qDebug() << "done";
    return a.exec();
}

Answer 1

这段代码中有几个问题：

1. 配置属性中指定的EGL_SURFACE_TYPE错误：

   pi32ConfigAttribs[0] = EGL_SURFACE_TYPE;
   pi32ConfigAttribs[1] = EGL_WINDOW_BIT;
   

   要渲染到PBuffer，需要使用匹配值：

   pi32ConfigAttribs[0] = EGL_SURFACE_TYPE;
   pi32ConfigAttribs[1] = EGL_PBUFFER_BIT;
   

2. 没有为PBuffer指定大小。虽然手册页建议在不指定大小的情况下创建PBuffer是合法的，但宽度和高度的默认值为0。我无法想象当尝试渲染到大小为0乘以0的曲面时会发生什么好事。指定大小：

   EGLint pbufferAttribs[5];
   pbufferAttribs[0] = EGL_WIDTH;
   pbufferAttribs[1] = DesiredWidthOfPBuffer;
   pbufferAttribs[2] = EGL_HEIGHT;
   pbufferAttribs[3] = DesiredHeightOfPBuffer;
   pbufferAttribs[4] = EGL_NONE;
   eglSurface = eglCreatePbufferSurface(eglDisplay, eglConfig, pbufferAttribs);
   

我对这个问题的回答有完整的代码来为两个不同版本的EGL创建上下文和PBuffer曲面：GLES10.glGetIntegrov仅在Lollipop中返回0。代码使用Java绑定，但应该很容易进行调整。

Answer 2

为什么在glReadPixels之前使用eglSwapBuffers？假设eglSwapBuffers对PBufferSurface没有影响（因为它不是双缓冲区表面），但如果是，您将尝试从未定义的缓冲区读取像素，结果是未定义的。。