龙格-库塔数值方法不好的逼近

Question

我正试图使用Runge-Kutta方法将其与lsode函数进行比较。但它的表现相当糟糕，我使用的所有其他方法(向前和向后Euler，Heun(与lsode进行比较都做得更好，以至于它们几乎与lsode无法区分。

这是我的代码返回的内容https://i.stack.imgur.com/vJ6Yi.png

如果有人能指出改进的方法，或者如果我做错了什么，我会很感激

以下是我用于龙格-库塔方法的内容

%Initial conditions
u(1) = 1;
v(1) = 2;
p(1) = -1/sqrt(3);
q(1) = 1/sqrt(3);
%Graf interval / step size
s0 = 0;
sf = 50;
h = 0.25;
n=(sf-s0)/h;
s(1) = s0;
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------% 
for j = 2:n
i = j-1;
k1_u(j) = p(i);
k1_v(j) = q(i);
k1_p(j) = (-2*v(i)*p(i)*q(i)) / (u(i)*u(i) + v(i)*v(i) + 1);
k1_q(j) = (-2*u(i)*p(i)*q(i)) / (u(i)*u(i) + v(i)*v(i) + 1);
u1(j) = p(i) + (1/2)*k1_u(j)*h;
v1(j) = q(i) + (1/2)*k1_v(j)*h;
p1(j) = (-2*v(i)*p(i)*q(i)) / (u(i)*u(i) + v(i)*v(i) + 1) + (1/2)*k1_p(j)*h;
q1(j) = (-2*u(i)*p(i)*q(i)) / (u(i)*u(i) + v(i)*v(i) + 1) + (1/2)*k1_q(j)*h;
k2_u(j) = p1(j);
k2_v(j) = q1(j);
k2_p(j) = (-2*v1(j)*p1(j)*q1(j)) / (u1(j)*u1(j) + v1(j)*v1(j) + 1);
k2_q(j) = (-2*u1(j)*p1(j)*q1(j)) / (u1(j)*u1(j) + v1(j)*v1(j) + 1);
u2(j) = p(i) + (1/2)*k2_u(j)*h;
v2(j) = q(i) + (1/2)*k2_v(j)*h;
p2(j) = (-2*v(i)*p(i)*q(i)) / (u(i)*u(i) + v(i)*v(i) + 1) + (1/2)*k2_p(j)*h;
q2(j) = (-2*u(i)*p(i)*q(i)) / (u(i)*u(i) + v(i)*v(i) + 1) + (1/2)*k2_q(j)*h;
k3_u(j) = p2(j);
k3_v(j) = q2(j);
k3_p(j) = (-2*v2(j)*p2(j)*q2(j)) / (u2(j)*u2(j) + v2(j)*v2(j) + 1);
k3_q(j) = (-2*u2(j)*p2(j)*q2(j)) / (u2(j)*u2(j) + v2(j)*v2(j) + 1);
u3(j) = p(i) + k3_u(j)*h;
v3(j) = q(i) + k3_v(j)*h;
p3(j) = (-2*v(i)*p(i)*q(i)) / (u(i)*u(i) + v(i)*v(i) + 1) + k3_p(j)*h;
q3(j) = (-2*u(i)*p(i)*q(i)) / (u(i)*u(i) + v(i)*v(i) + 1) + k3_q(j)*h;
k4_u(j) = p3(j);
k4_v(j) = q3(j);
k4_p(j) = (-2*v3(j)*p3(j)*q3(j)) / (u3(j)*u3(j) + v3(j)*v3(j) + 1);
k4_q(j) = (-2*u3(j)*p3(j)*q3(j)) / (u3(j)*u3(j) + v3(j)*v3(j) + 1);

s(j) = s(j-1) + h;
u(j) = u(j-1) + (h/6)*(k1_u(j) + 2*k2_u(j) + 2*k3_u(j) + k4_u(j));
v(j) = v(j-1) + (h/6)*(k1_v(j) + 2*k2_v(j) + 2*k3_v(j) + k4_v(j));
p(j) = p(j-1) + (h/6)*(k1_p(j) + 2*k2_p(j) + 2*k3_p(j) + k4_p(j));
q(j) = q(j-1) + (h/6)*(k1_q(j) + 2*k2_q(j) + 2*k3_q(j) + k4_q(j));
endfor
subplot(2,3,1), plot(s,u);
hold on; plot(s,v); hold off;
title ("Runge-Kutta");
h = legend ("u(s)", "v(s)");
legend (h, "location", "northwestoutside");
set (h, "fontsize", 10);

Answer 1

您误解了方法中的某些内容。p,q的中间值的计算方式与u,v的中间值相同，并且两者都是具有最后计算的斜率的"Euler步长"，而不是单独的斜率计算。对于第一批

u1(j) = u(i) + (1/2)*k1_u(j)*h;
v1(j) = v(i) + (1/2)*k1_v(j)*h;
p1(j) = p(i) + (1/2)*k1_p(j)*h;
q1(j) = q(i) + (1/2)*k1_q(j)*h;

k2值的计算是正确的，下一个中点需要通过"Euler步长"等正确计算。