(代码)应该是一个 lambda 表达式.我到底错过了什么

Question

所以我知道通常这个错误意味着我在某处忘记了一个括号（或类似的东西），但对于我的生活，我无法弄清楚我哪里出错了。

我似乎得到的具体错误是：(SETF (GET (NTH CNT EXOTIC-CARS) 'MAKE) (READ MYSTREAM)) - 这基本上是我第一个定义函数的第一行。

整个代码在这里：

(setq exotic-cars '(car1 car2 car3 car4 car5 car6 car7 car8 car9 car10))
(defun dostuff ()
(fetchinput)
  (printlist)
  (findmake)
  (mysort))
(defun fetchinput ()
  (with-open-file (mystream "cars.dat")
    (setq cnt 0)
    (loop while (<= cnt 9)
      do ((setf (get (nth cnt exotic-cars) 'make) (read mystream))
        (setf (get (nth cnt exotic-cars) 'model) (read mystream))
        (setf (get (nth cnt exotic-cars) 'cost) (read mystream))
        (setf cnt (+ cnt 1))
      )
      )))
(defun findmake ()
  (setf cnt 0)
  (format t "~2%~A ~A ~A ~A ~A" 'Car 'make 'to 'search 'for>)
  (setf search (read))
  (loop while (< cnt 10)
    do ((if (string= (get (nth cnt exotic-cars) 'make) search)
  (format t "~2%~1,15T ~A ~2,15T ~A ~3,15T ~A ~% ~A~%~1,15T ~A ~2,15T ~A ~3,15T $~D.00"    'Make 'Model 'Cost
    '------------------------------------- 
        (get (nth cnt exotic-cars) 'make)
        (get (nth cnt exotic-cars) 'model)
        (get (nth cnt exotic-cars) 'cost)))
    (setf cnt (+ cnt 1)))))
(defun mysort ()
  (setf unsorted 0)
  (loop while (< unsorted 9)
    do ((setf current 9)
    (loop while (> current unsorted)
      do ((if (< 
           (get (nth current exotic-cars) 'cost)
           (get (nth (- current 1) exotic-cars) 'cost))
          (swap current (- current 1)))
      (setf current (- current 1))))
  (setf unsorted (+ unsorted 1))))
  (printlist))
(defun swap (from to)
  (setf tmpmake (get (nth to exotic-cars) 'make))
  (setf tmpmodel (get (nth to exotic-cars) 'model))
  (setf tmpcost (get (nth to exotic-cars) 'cost))
  (setf (get (nth to exotic-cars) 'make) (get (nth from exotic-cars) 'make))
  (setf (get (nth to exotic-cars) 'model) (get (nth from exotic-cars) 'model))
  (setf (get (nth to exotic-cars) 'cost) (get (nth from exotic-cars) 'cost))
  (setf (get (nth from exotic-cars) 'make) tmpmake)
  (setf (get (nth from exotic-cars) 'model) tmpmodel)
  (setf (get (nth from exotic-cars) 'cost) tmpcost))
(defun printlist ()
  (setf cnt 0)
  (format t "~2%~1,15T ~A ~2,15T ~A ~3,15T ~A ~% ~A"    'Make 'Model 'Cost
    '-------------------------------------)
  (loop while (< cnt 10)
    do ((format t "~%~1,15T ~A ~2,15T ~A ~3,15T $~D.00" 
      (get (nth cnt exotic-cars) 'make)
      (get (nth cnt exotic-cars) 'model)
      (get (nth cnt exotic-cars) 'cost))
    (setf cnt (+ cnt 1)))))
(dostuff)

Answer 1

如果没有正确的格式和缩进，您将在编程中一事无成。

您的代码：

(defun fetchinput ()
  (with-open-file (mystream "cars.dat")
    (setq cnt 0)
    (loop while (<= cnt 9)
      do ((setf (get (nth cnt exotic-cars) 'make) (read mystream))
        (setf (get (nth cnt exotic-cars) 'model) (read mystream))
        (setf (get (nth cnt exotic-cars) 'cost) (read mystream))
        (setf cnt (+ cnt 1))
      )
      )))

正确的格式：

(defun fetchinput ()
  (with-open-file (mystream "cars.dat")
    (setq cnt 0)
    (loop while (<= cnt 9)
          do ((setf (get (nth cnt exotic-cars) 'make) (read mystream))
              (setf (get (nth cnt exotic-cars) 'model) (read mystream))
              (setf (get (nth cnt exotic-cars) 'cost) (read mystream))
              (setf cnt (+ cnt 1))))))

代码有一堆问题：

(defun fetchinput ()
  (with-open-file (mystream "cars.dat")
    (setq cnt 0)                      ; <- the variable CNT is undefined
    (loop while (<= cnt 9)
          do (  ; <-  what is this parenthesis for ?
              (setf (get (nth
                          cnt
                          exotic-cars)  ;<- the variable exotic-cars is undefined
                         'make) (read mystream))
              (setf (get (nth cnt exotic-cars) 'model) (read mystream))
              (setf (get (nth cnt exotic-cars) 'cost) (read mystream))
              (setf cnt (+ cnt 1))
              )   ; < - what is this parenthesis for?
              )))

SETF 不声明/定义变量。它只是设置声明/定义的变量的值。

为什么要使用 WHILE 和 NTH ??? 遍历列表

Answer 2

使用

defvar 或 defparameter 来定义全局变量（并考虑使用"耳罩"来表示它们，所以(defvar *exotic-cars* ...)）。

使用 let 声明和初始化局部变量（因此(let ((cnt 0)) ...) ）。尽管在这种情况下，您可能会最好使用 (loop for cnt from 0 to 9 ...) ，因为似乎不需要cnt循环之外。

列表并不神奇，如果你想有一个代码块，请考虑使用 progn .