小贝子编程

PMS5003带有ESP8266-许多校验和错误



我通过（硬件）UART连接到PMS5003颗粒物质传感器的ESP8266。从PMS5003阅读时，我会遇到很多校验和错误。

这是我用来与PMS5003通信的库：

PMS5003.CPP 

#include "PMS5003.h"
void PMS5003::processDataOn(HardwareSerial &serial) {
  unsigned long timeout = millis();
  int count = 0;
  byte incomeByte[NUM_INCOME_BYTE];
  boolean startcount = false;
  byte data;
  int timeoutHops = 0;
  while (1){
    if (((millis() - timeout) > 1000) && (timeoutHops == 0)) {
      timeoutHops = 1;
      yield();
      ESP.wdtFeed();
    }
    if (((millis() - timeout) > 2000) && (timeoutHops == 1)) {
      timeoutHops = 2;
      yield();
      ESP.wdtFeed();
    }
    if ((millis() - timeout) > 3000){
      Serial.println("SENSOR-ERROR-TIMEOUT");
      break;
    }
    if (serial.available()){
      data = serial.read();
      if (data == CHAR_PRELIM && !startcount) {
        startcount = true;
        count++;
        incomeByte[0] = data;
      } else if (startcount) {
        count++;
        incomeByte[count - 1] = data;
        if (count >= NUM_INCOME_BYTE){
          break;
        }
      }
    }
  }
  unsigned int calcsum = 0;
  unsigned int exptsum;
  for (int i = 0; i < NUM_DATA_BYTE; i++) {
    calcsum += (unsigned int)incomeByte[i];
  }
  exptsum = ((unsigned int)incomeByte[CHECK_BYTE] << 8) + (unsigned int)incomeByte[CHECK_BYTE + 1];
  if (calcsum == exptsum) {
    pm1 = ((unsigned int)incomeByte[PM1_BYTE] << 8) + (unsigned int)incomeByte[PM1_BYTE + 1];
    pm25 = ((unsigned int)incomeByte[PM25_BYTE] << 8) + (unsigned int)incomeByte[PM25_BYTE + 1];
    pm10 = ((unsigned int)incomeByte[PM10_BYTE] << 8) + (unsigned int)incomeByte[PM10_BYTE + 1];
  } else {
    Serial.println("#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!");
    pm1 = -1;
    pm25 = -1;
    pm10 = -1;
  }
  return;
}
int PMS5003::getPM1() {
  return pm1;
}
int PMS5003::getPM25() {
  return pm25;
}
int PMS5003::getPM10() {
  return pm10;
}

PMS5003.h 

#ifndef _PMS_5003_H
#define _PMS_5003_H
#include <Wire.h>
#include <Arduino.h>
#define VERSION 0.2
#define Sense_PM        6
#define NUM_INCOME_BYTE 32
#define CHAR_PRELIM     0x42
#define NUM_DATA_BYTE   29
#define CHECK_BYTE      30
#define PM1_BYTE        10
#define PM25_BYTE       12
#define PM10_BYTE       14
class PMS5003 {
public:
    //void processData(int *PM1, int *PM25, int *PM10);
    void processDataOn(HardwareSerial &serial);
    int getPM1();
    int getPM25();
    int getPM10();
private:
    int pm1;
    int pm25;
    int pm10;
};
#endif

这是我使用的方式：

struct ParticulateMatterMeasurements {
private:
    bool _areValid = false;
    int PM01Value = 0;
    int PM25Value = 0;
    int PM10Value = 0;
public:
    void setAreValid(bool _areValid) {
        ParticulateMatterMeasurements::_areValid = _areValid;
    }
    bool getAreValid() const {
        return _areValid;
    }
    int getPM01Value() const {
        return PM01Value;
    }
    void setPM01Value(int PM01Value) {
        ParticulateMatterMeasurements::PM01Value = PM01Value;
    }
    int getPM25Value() const {
        return PM25Value;
    }
    void setPM25Value(int PM25Value) {
        ParticulateMatterMeasurements::PM25Value = PM25Value;
    }
    int getPM10Value() const {
        return PM10Value;
    }
    void setPM10Value(int PM10Value) {
        ParticulateMatterMeasurements::PM10Value = PM10Value;
    }
};
ParticulateMatterMeasurements getMeasurements() {
    ParticulateMatterMeasurements measurements;
    measurements.setAreValid(false);
    pms5003.processDataOn(Serial);
    measurements.setPM01Value(pms5003.getPM1());
    measurements.setPM25Value(pms5003.getPM25());
    measurements.setPM10Value(pms5003.getPM10());
    if (measurements.getPM01Value() != -1 && measurements.getPM25Value() != -1 && measurements.getPM10Value() != -1) {
        measurements.setAreValid(true);
    }
    return measurements;
}

问题是我遇到了很多校验和错误。在60个测量中，我得到了大约100个：#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!。

这里有什么问题？

@edit

我进行了一次测试，其中打印了PMS5003发送给我的ESP8266的测试。看起来是最后一个字节有时不会发送的校验和。相反，我通常会得到66，但有时也可以看到66 77，而不是最后2个字节。

66 77 0 28 0 13 0 16 0 20 0 13 0 16 0 20 9 201 2 216 0 86 0 8 0 3 0 1 145 0 3 172 
16
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 16 0 20 0 13 0 16 0 20 9 201 2 216 0 86 0 8 0 3 0 1 145 0 3 172 
16
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 18 0 22 0 14 0 18 0 22 10 32 2 239 0 93 0 9 0 3 0 1 145 0 3 45 
18
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 18 0 22 0 14 0 18 0 22 10 32 2 239 0 93 0 9 0 3 0 1 145 0 3 66 
18
#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 20 0 13 0 17 0 20 10 50 2 231 0 88 0 9 0 3 0 1 145 0 3 42 
17
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 16 0 20 0 12 0 16 0 20 9 225 2 208 0 90 0 8 0 3 0 1 145 0 3 190 
16
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 21 0 13 0 17 0 21 9 225 2 208 0 90 0 8 0 3 0 1 145 0 3 196 
17
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 15 0 17 0 12 0 15 0 17 9 249 2 211 0 76 0 5 0 0 0 0 145 0 3 188 
15
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 15 0 17 0 12 0 15 0 17 9 249 2 211 0 76 0 5 0 0 0 0 145 0 3 188 
15
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 15 0 16 0 12 0 15 0 16 9 210 2 188 0 70 0 5 0 0 0 0 145 0 3 118 
15
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 15 0 16 0 12 0 15 0 16 9 210 2 188 0 70 0 5 0 0 0 0 145 0 3 118 
15
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 16 0 17 0 13 0 16 0 17 9 198 2 183 0 78 0 5 0 0 0 0 145 0 3 115 
16
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 16 0 17 0 13 0 16 0 17 9 198 2 183 0 78 0 5 0 0 0 0 145 0 3 66 
16
#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 16 0 18 0 12 0 16 0 18 9 234 2 195 0 87 0 8 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 176 
16
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 16 0 18 0 12 0 16 0 18 9 234 2 195 0 87 0 8 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 176 
16
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 15 0 17 0 12 0 15 0 17 9 186 2 184 0 77 0 6 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 101 
15
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 16 0 18 0 13 0 16 0 18 9 186 2 184 0 77 0 6 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 107 
16
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 16 0 18 0 13 0 16 0 18 9 186 2 184 0 77 0 6 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 107 
16
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 18 0 13 0 17 0 18 9 165 2 180 0 76 0 6 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 83 
17
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 18 0 13 0 17 0 18 9 165 2 180 0 76 0 6 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 83 
17
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 18 0 13 0 17 0 18 9 156 2 186 0 76 0 6 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 80 
17
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 16 0 17 0 12 0 16 0 17 9 156 2 186 0 76 0 6 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 66 
16
#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 16 0 17 0 12 0 16 0 17 9 249 2 200 0 67 0 6 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 172 
16
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 16 0 17 0 12 0 16 0 17 9 249 2 200 0 67 0 6 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 172 
16
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 16 0 17 0 12 0 16 0 17 9 231 2 197 0 73 0 7 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 158 
16
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 16 0 17 0 12 0 16 0 17 9 231 2 197 0 73 0 7 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 158 
16
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 18 0 13 0 17 0 18 9 243 2 194 0 73 0 7 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 173 
17
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 18 0 13 0 17 0 18 9 243 2 194 0 73 0 7 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 173 
17
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 18 0 13 0 17 0 18 9 231 2 190 0 70 0 8 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 155 
17
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 18 0 13 0 17 0 18 9 231 2 190 0 70 0 8 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 155 
17
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 19 0 13 0 17 0 19 10 65 2 219 0 68 0 7 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 66 
17
#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 19 0 13 0 17 0 19 10 65 2 219 0 68 0 7 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 18 
17
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 18 0 20 0 13 0 18 0 20 10 86 2 218 0 79 0 11 0 2 0 0 145 0 3 58 
18
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 18 0 20 0 13 0 18 0 20 10 86 2 218 0 79 0 11 0 2 0 0 145 0 3 58 
18
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 18 0 19 0 13 0 18 0 19 10 86 2 216 0 76 0 8 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 47 
18
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 18 0 19 0 13 0 18 0 19 10 86 2 216 0 76 0 8 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 47 
18
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 18 0 20 0 14 0 18 0 20 10 212 2 250 0 75 0 8 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 210 
18
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 18 0 20 0 14 0 18 0 20 10 212 2 250 0 75 0 8 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 210 
18
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 17 0 20 0 12 0 17 0 20 10 137 2 234 0 86 0 10 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 126 
17
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 17 0 20 0 12 0 17 0 20 10 137 2 234 0 86 0 10 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 126 
17
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 17 0 20 0 12 0 17 0 20 10 137 2 234 0 86 0 10 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 66 
17
#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 19 0 21 0 14 0 19 0 21 10 164 2 240 0 95 0 10 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 178 
19
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 19 0 21 0 14 0 19 0 21 10 164 2 240 0 95 0 10 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 178 
19
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 19 0 21 0 13 0 19 0 21 10 110 2 223 0 95 0 10 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 105 
19
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 19 0 21 0 13 0 19 0 21 10 110 2 223 0 95 0 10 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 105 
19
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 19 0 21 0 13 0 19 0 21 10 128 2 227 0 101 0 10 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 133 
19
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 19 0 21 0 13 0 19 0 21 10 128 2 227 0 101 0 10 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 133 
19
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 20 0 24 0 14 0 20 0 24 10 158 2 254 0 106 0 13 0 4 0 0 145 0 3 211 
20
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 19 0 23 0 13 0 19 0 23 10 158 2 254 0 106 0 13 0 4 0 0 145 0 3 205 
19
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 19 0 23 0 13 0 19 0 23 10 212 3 10 0 107 0 12 0 4 0 0 145 0 3 66 
19
#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 20 0 24 0 14 0 20 0 24 10 212 3 10 0 107 0 12 0 4 0 0 145 0 3 22 
20
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 20 0 24 0 14 0 20 0 24 10 236 3 11 0 109 0 13 0 4 0 0 145 0 3 50 
20
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 20 0 24 0 14 0 20 0 24 10 236 3 11 0 109 0 13 0 4 0 0 145 0 3 50 
20
66 77 0 28 0 15 0 20 0 23 0 15 0 20 0 23 10 254 3 29 0 105 0 9 0 3 0 0 145 0 3 77 
20
66 77 0 28 0 15 0 20 0 23 0 15 0 20 0 23 10 254 3 29 0 105 0 9 0 3 0 0 145 0 3 77 
20
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 19 0 22 0 14 0 19 0 22 11 22 3 40 0 99 0 9 0 3 0 0 145 0 2 101 
19
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 19 0 22 0 14 0 19 0 22 11 22 3 40 0 99 0 9 0 3 0 0 145 0 2 101 
19
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 19 0 21 0 14 0 19 0 21 10 149 3 6 0 93 0 8 0 3 0 0 145 0 2 184 
19
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 19 0 21 0 14 0 19 0 21 10 149 3 6 0 93 0 8 0 3 0 0 145 0 2 66 
19
#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 18 0 20 0 14 0 18 0 20 10 140 3 2 0 77 0 5 0 3 0 0 145 0 2 148 
18
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 19 0 13 0 17 0 19 10 140 3 2 0 77 0 5 0 3 0 0 145 0 2 142 
17
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 19 0 13 0 17 0 19 10 104 2 251 0 77 0 5 0 3 0 0 145 0 3 98 
17
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 19 0 13 0 17 0 19 10 104 2 251 0 77 0 5 0 3 0 0 145 0 3 98 
17
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 19 0 13 0 17 0 19 10 104 2 251 0 77 0 5 0 3 0 0 145 0 3 98 
17
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 18 0 20 0 13 0 18 0 20 10 116 3 11 0 77 0 8 0 3 0 0 145 0 2 134 
18
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 19 0 21 0 14 0 19 0 21 10 116 3 11 0 77 0 8 0 3 0 0 145 0 2 140 
19
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 19 0 21 0 14 0 19 0 21 10 137 3 18 0 76 0 7 0 3 0 0 145 0 2 166 
19
[update] This is the newest version.
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 19 0 21 0 14 0 19 0 21 10 137 3 18 0 76 0 7 0 3 0 0 145 0 2 166 
19
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 17 0 18 0 12 0 17 0 18 10 77 2 241 0 77 0 5 0 0 0 0 145 0 3 66 
17
#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 17 0 18 0 12 0 17 0 18 10 77 2 241 0 77 0 5 0 0 0 0 145 0 3 54 
17
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 18 0 19 0 13 0 18 0 19 10 32 2 224 0 80 0 6 0 0 0 0 145 0 3 2 
18
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 18 0 19 0 13 0 18 0 19 10 32 2 224 0 80 0 6 0 0 0 0 145 0 3 2 
18
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 19 0 19 0 13 0 19 0 19 10 47 2 240 0 81 0 5 0 0 0 0 145 0 3 35 
19
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 18 0 18 0 12 0 18 0 18 10 47 2 240 0 81 0 5 0 0 0 0 145 0 3 29 
18
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 20 0 20 0 14 0 20 0 20 10 173 3 6 0 90 0 6 0 1 0 1 145 0 2 202 
20
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 20 0 20 0 14 0 20 0 20 10 173 3 6 0 90 0 6 0 1 0 1 145 0 2 202 
20
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 21 0 21 0 14 0 21 0 21 10 233 3 24 0 90 0 9 0 1 0 1 145 0 3 31 
21
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 19 0 22 0 13 0 19 0 22 10 242 3 25 0 84 0 12 0 4 0 2 145 0 3 38 
19
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 19 0 22 0 13 0 19 0 22 10 242 3 25 0 84 0 12 0 4 0 2 145 0 3 38 
19
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 19 0 22 0 13 0 19 0 22 10 242 3 25 0 84 0 12 0 4 0 2 145 0 3 66 
19
#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!
66 77 0 28 0 15 0 20 0 23 0 15 0 20 0 23 11 79 3 40 0 88 0 9 0 4 0 2 145 0 2 156 
20
66 77 0 28 0 15 0 20 0 23 0 15 0 20 0 23 11 79 3 40 0 88 0 9 0 4 0 2 145 0 2 156 
20
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 19 0 21 0 14 0 19 0 21 11 67 3 38 0 83 0 9 0 4 0 2 145 0 2 129 
19
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 19 0 21 0 14 0 19 0 21 11 67 3 38 0 83 0 9 0 4 0 2 145 0 2 129 
19
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 18 0 21 0 14 0 18 0 21 11 58 3 43 0 82 0 8 0 4 0 2 145 0 2 121 
18
66 77 0 28 0 15 0 19 0 22 0 15 0 19 0 22 11 58 3 43 0 82 0 8 0 4 0 2 145 0 2 127 
19
66 77 0 28 0 15 0 19 0 21 0 15 0 19 0 21 11 31 3 37 0 79 0 7 0 4 0 2 145 0 2 88 
19
66 77 0 28 0 15 0 19 0 21 0 15 0 19 0 21 11 31 3 37 0 79 0 7 0 4 0 2 145 0 2 88 
19
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 18 0 21 0 14 0 18 0 21 10 203 3 11 0 84 0 8 0 4 0 2 145 0 2 66 
18
#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 18 0 21 0 14 0 18 0 21 10 203 3 11 0 84 0 8 0 4 0 2 145 0 2 235 
18
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 18 0 21 0 14 0 18 0 21 10 197 3 5 0 84 0 9 0 4 0 2 145 0 2 224 
18
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 18 0 21 0 14 0 18 0 21 10 197 3 5 0 84 0 9 0 4 0 2 145 0 2 224 
18
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 18 0 21 0 14 0 18 0 21 10 179 3 8 0 81 0 8 0 3 0 1 145 0 2 203 
18
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 18 0 21 0 14 0 18 0 21 10 179 3 8 0 81 0 8 0 3 0 1 145 0 2 203 
18
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 17 0 20 0 14 0 17 0 20 10 98 2 243 0 75 0 8 0 3 0 1 145 0 3 90 
17
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 17 0 20 0 14 0 17 0 20 10 98 2 243 0 75 0 8 0 3 0 1 145 0 3 90 
17
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 17 0 19 0 14 0 17 0 19 10 116 2 246 0 77 0 5 0 3 0 1 145 0 3 108 
17
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 17 0 19 0 14 0 17 0 19 10 116 2 246 0 77 0 5 0 3 0 1 145 0 3 66 
17
#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 17 0 19 0 14 0 17 0 19 10 74 2 232 0 80 0 3 0 1 0 1 145 0 3 51 
17
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 17 0 19 0 14 0 17 0 19 10 74 2 232 0 80 0 3 0 1 0 1 145 0 3 51 
17
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 17 0 19 0 14 0 17 0 19 10 74 2 232 0 80 0 3 0 1 0 1 145 0 3 51 
17
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 18 0 13 0 17 0 18 9 246 2 220 0 79 0 3 0 1 0 1 145 0 3 205 
17
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 18 0 13 0 17 0 18 9 246 2 220 0 79 0 3 0 1 0 1 145 0 3 205 
17
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 19 0 13 0 17 0 19 9 255 2 222 0 82 0 6 0 1 0 1 145 0 3 224 
17
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 19 0 13 0 17 0 19 9 255 2 222 0 82 0 6 0 1 0 1 145 0 3 224 
17
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 18 0 20 0 14 0 18 0 20 10 89 2 242 0 85 0 6 0 1 0 1 145 0 3 88 
18
66 77 0 28 0 14 0 18 0 20 0 14 0 18 0 20 10 89 2 242 0 85 0 6 0 1 0 1 145 0 3 66 
18
#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!

一段时间后，我遇到了更多错误：

66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 17 0 13 0 17 0 17 9 129 2 177 0 65 0 
7168
#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 17 0 66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 17 0 13 0 17 0 17 9 129 2 177 0 
19712
#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 17 0 66 77 0 28 0 12 0 16 0 16 0 12 0 16 0 16 9 186 2 186 0 
19712
#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 16 0 16 0 12 0 16 0 16 9 186 2 186 0 67 0 6 0 0 0 0 145 0 3 92 
16
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 16 0 16 0 12 0 16 0 16 9 174 2 193 0 62 0 5 0 0 0 0 145 0 3 81 
16
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 17 0 13 0 17 0 17 9 174 2 193 0 62 0 5 0 0 0 0 145 0 3 87 
17
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 18 0 13 0 17 0 18 9 180 2 197 0 62 0 6 0 1 0 1 145 0 3 102 
17
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 18 0 13 0 17 0 18 9 180 2 197 0 62 0 6 0 1 0 1 145 0 3 102 
17
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 18 0 13 0 17 0 18 9 165 2 190 0 62 0 6 0 1 0 1 145 0 3 80 
17
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 66 77 0 28 0 13 0 16 0 18 0 13 0 16 0 18 9 135 2 182 0 65 0 
7168
#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 16 0 18 0 66 77 0 28 0 13 0 16 0 18 0 13 0 16 0 18 9 135 2 182 0 
19712
#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 16 0 18 0 13 0 16 0 18 9 117 2 180 0 64 0 3 0 2 0 1 145 0 3 20 
16
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 16 0 18 0 66 77 0 28 0 13 0 16 0 18 0 13 0 16 0 18 9 117 2 180 0 
19712
#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 15 0 17 0 12 0 15 0 17 9 153 2 196 0 64 0 3 0 2 0 1 145 0 3 66 
15
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 15 0 17 0 12 0 15 0 17 9 153 2 196 0 64 0 3 0 2 0 1 145 0 3 66 
15
[update] This is the newest version.
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 16 0 19 0 12 0 16 0 19 9 162 2 206 0 71 0 6 0 5 0 2 145 0 3 105 
16
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 20 0 13 0 17 0 20 9 162 2 206 0 71 0 6 0 5 0 2 145 0 3 111 
17
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 16 0 19 0 13 0 16 0 19 9 123 2 189 0 74 0 6 0 5 0 2 145 0 3 54 
16
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 16 0 66 77 0 28 0 12 0 16 0 20 0 12 0 16 0 20 9 54 2 166 0 76 0 
7168
#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 16 0 20 0 12 0 16 0 20 9 54 2 166 0 76 0 7 0 6 0 2 145 0 2 222 
16
66 77 0 28 0 11 0 15 0 19 0 66 77 0 28 0 11 0 15 0 19 0 11 0 15 0 19 9 21 2 166 0 
19712
#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!
66 77 0 28 0 11 0 15 0 19 0 66 77 0 28 0 12 0 16 0 20 0 12 0 16 0 20 9 21 2 166 0 
19712
#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 16 0 20 0 13 0 16 0 20 9 120 2 189 0 83 0 9 0 6 0 1 145 0 3 65 
16
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 16 0 20 0 13 0 16 0 20 9 120 2 189 0 83 0 9 0 6 0 1 145 0 3 65 
16
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 16 0 20 0 13 0 16 0 20 9 186 2 198 0 74 0 9 0 5 0 1 145 0 3 130 
16
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 16 0 20 0 13 0 16 0 20 9 186 2 198 0 74 0 9 0 5 0 1 145 0 3 130 
16
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 15 0 19 0 13 0 15 0 19 9 171 2 184 0 74 0 9 0 5 0 1 145 0 3 97 
15
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 15 0 66 77 0 28 0 13 0 16 0 20 0 13 0 16 0 20 9 198 2 190 0 77 0 
7168
#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 16 0 20 0 13 0 16 0 20 9 198 2 190 0 77 0 8 0 5 0 1 145 0 3 136 
16
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 16 0 19 0 66 77 0 28 0 13 0 16 0 19 0 13 0 16 0 19 9 225 2 190 0 
19712
#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 20 0 13 0 17 0 20 10 23 2 214 0 81 0 9 0 3 0 0 145 0 2 246 
17
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 20 0 13 0 17 0 20 10 23 2 214 0 81 0 9 0 3 0 0 145 0 2 246 
17
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 20 0 13 0 17 0 20 10 23 2 214 0 81 0 9 0 3 0 0 145 0 2 246 
17
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 20 0 66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 20 0 13 0 17 0 20 10 98 2 234 0 
19712
#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!

32个字节后，新线路中的孤独数是PM2.5的值，该值不应该变得很高。但是，有时会变高，有时在校验和不正确时不会。

我想知道为什么情况会随着时间而变化...也许我可以继续以某种方式重置UART？

对于每个校验和测试的数据包，您在中间或末尾都会找到一个CHAR_PRELIM（66）。这意味着传感器偶尔会丢弃数据包并导致未对准。

一种解决方案是每次读取66时重新启动数据包读数。此代码应该这样做：

update ：根据 @sawdust的评论，66和77的存在都应用作开始条件，因为66可能会在数据中自行出现。另一个考虑因素是使用第3和第4个字节提供的数据包长度，而不是假设长度为32。希望这些改进使代码更耐用。

size_t length;
incomingByte[0] = 66; // the first two bytes are always known
incomingByte[1] = 77;
... 
if (serial.available()) {
  if (serial.read() == 66 && serial.read() == 77)
    incomingByte[2] = serial.read(); // length high byte
    incomingByte[3] = serial.read(); // length low byte
    int length = (incomingByte[2] << 8) + incomingByte[3];
    // starting at index 4, read `length` bytes
    serial.readBytes(incomingByte + 4, length);
    break;
  }
}
// when the code breaks out of the while(1) loop, you still need to evaluate the checksum.

根据该源定义的协议，数据包长度固定为32个字节，因此编码的帧长度（字节3和4）应始终等于 0 28（32个字节-2个启动字节-2帧 - 2帧长度= 28）。

但是，此代码甚至适用于可变长度数据包（感谢@sawdust）。

公平的警告：我没有这些传感器之一，所以显然我没有测试这个传感器，但是概念仍然存在。

我认识到此代码不会 solve 删除字符的问题，，因为它只是忽略了不完整的数据包，并且您仍然依靠校验和的有效性。

最后，我发现校验和失败的原因是因为在这种情况下甚至没有收到校验和字节！

！

希望这会有所帮助！

更新＃2 ：这本身或多或少是修订的答案。

使用此代码读取数据包，保证以下标准（由协议定义）：

  1. 数据包以[66 77]
    2. 开头
  2. 数据包包含32个字节
  3. 开始条件[66 77]永远不会发生在数据包的正文中。

这是代码。我设法将其降低到几个if语句

void PMS5003::processDataOn(HardwareSerial &serial) {
    bool possibleStart = false;
    incomeByte[0] = 66;
    incomeByte[1] = 77;
    uint8_t count = 0;
    ...
    while (1) {
        ...
        if (serial.available()) {    
            uint8_t c = serial.read();
            if (possibleStart) {
                possibleStart = false;
                if (c == 77) count = 2;
            }
            if (c == 66) possibleStart = true;
            if (count >= 2) incomeByte[count++] = c;
            if (count == NUM_DATA_BYTE) break;      
        }
    }
    // at this point, incomeByte must:
    // > begin with [66 77]
    // > contain 32 bytes
    // > not contain [66 77] anywhere after the first two bytes
    // > therefore, it is guaranteed to contain a checksum
    // now is the right time to evaluate the checksum.
    // I expect all of the checksums to match, but you might as well check
}

发布时，OP已经编码了满足要求的解决方案。我之所以发布此信息，是因为我相信该代码通过更简洁，更可读/声明性，并希望更容易管理。

此代码也可以用作任何情况的一般解决方案，其中两个字符定义一个起始条件，前提是数据包长度是已知或可以是确定。

虽然数据损坏的问题仍然存在，但这是我设法实现的解决方法：

  1. 我正在检查校验和，如果是不正确的，则：
  2. 我正在寻找整个数据中的66 77。当我找到它时：
  3. 我正在检查下一个16个字节中是否还有另一个66 77。如果找不到：
  4. 我认为与66 77相距10-15个字节的值是我正在寻找的值（PM1，PM2.5，PM10）。

这是代码：

void PMS5003::processDataOn(HardwareSerial &serial) {
  unsigned long timeout = millis();
  int count = 0;
  byte incomeByte[NUM_INCOME_BYTE];
  boolean startcount = false;
  byte data;
  int timeoutHops = 0;
  while (1){
    if (((millis() - timeout) > 1000) && (timeoutHops == 0)) {
      timeoutHops = 1;
      yield();
      ESP.wdtFeed();
    }
    if (((millis() - timeout) > 2000) && (timeoutHops == 1)) {
      timeoutHops = 2;
      yield();
      ESP.wdtFeed();
    }
    if ((millis() - timeout) > 3000) {
      yield();
      ESP.wdtFeed();
      Serial.println("SENSOR-ERROR-TIMEOUT");
      break;
    }
    if (serial.available()) {
      data = serial.read();
      if (data == CHAR_PRELIM && !startcount) {
        startcount = true;
        count++;
        incomeByte[0] = data;
      } else if (startcount) {
        count++;
        incomeByte[count - 1] = data;
        if (count >= NUM_INCOME_BYTE){
          break;
        }
      }
    }
  }
  unsigned int calcsum = 0;
  unsigned int exptsum;
  for (int a = 0; a < NUM_INCOME_BYTE; a++) {
    Serial.print((unsigned int)incomeByte[a]);
    Serial.print(" ");
  }
  Serial.println();
  Serial.println(((unsigned int)incomeByte[PM25_BYTE] << 8) + (unsigned int)incomeByte[PM25_BYTE + 1]);
  for (int i = 0; i < NUM_DATA_BYTE; i++) {
    calcsum += (unsigned int)incomeByte[i];
  }
  exptsum = ((unsigned int)incomeByte[CHECK_BYTE] << 8) + (unsigned int)incomeByte[CHECK_BYTE + 1];
  if (calcsum == exptsum) {
    pm1 = ((unsigned int)incomeByte[PM1_BYTE] << 8) + (unsigned int)incomeByte[PM1_BYTE + 1];
    pm25 = ((unsigned int)incomeByte[PM25_BYTE] << 8) + (unsigned int)incomeByte[PM25_BYTE + 1];
    pm10 = ((unsigned int)incomeByte[PM10_BYTE] << 8) + (unsigned int)incomeByte[PM10_BYTE + 1];
  } else {
    Serial.println("#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!");
    pm1 = -1;
    pm25 = -1;
    pm10 = -1;
    for (int a = 0; a < NUM_INCOME_BYTE; a++) {
      bool valid = true;
      if (((unsigned int)incomeByte[a] == 66) && ((unsigned int)incomeByte[a+1] == 77)) {
        if (a+16 < NUM_INCOME_BYTE) {
          for (int b = a+1; b < a+15; b++) {
            if (((unsigned int)incomeByte[b] == 66) && ((unsigned int)incomeByte[b+1] == 77)) {
              valid = false;
              break;
            }
          }
          if (valid) {
            pm1 = ((unsigned int)incomeByte[a+10] << 8) + (unsigned int)incomeByte[a+11];
            pm25 = ((unsigned int)incomeByte[a+12] << 8) + (unsigned int)incomeByte[a+13];
            pm10 = ((unsigned int)incomeByte[a+14] << 8) + (unsigned int)incomeByte[a+15];
            Serial.println("valid: ");
            Serial.print(pm1);
            Serial.print(" ");
            Serial.print(pm25);
            Serial.print(" ");
            Serial.print(pm10);
            Serial.println();
            break;
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
  return;
}

从理论上讲，它可能会产生误报或负面因素，但实际上，它可以起作用。

66 77 0 28 0 12 0 15 0 17 0 12 0 15 0 17 9 102 2 176 66 77 0 28 0 12 0 15 0 16 0 12 
15
#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!
valid: 
12 15 17
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 15 0 16 0 12 0 15 0 16 9 114 2 175 0 73 0 4 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 12 
15
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 15 0 16 0 12 0 15 0 16 9 114 2 175 0 73 0 4 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 12 
15
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 15 0 16 0 12 0 15 0 16 9 141 2 190 0 72 0 3 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 52 
15
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 15 0 16 0 12 0 15 0 16 9 141 2 190 0 72 0 3 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 52 
15
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 16 0 16 0 12 0 16 0 16 9 198 2 202 0 75 0 3 0 0 0 0 145 0 3 125 
16
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 16 0 16 0 66 77 0 28 0 12 0 16 0 16 0 12 0 16 0 16 9 198 2 202 0 
19712
#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!
valid: 
12 16 16
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 15 0 16 0 12 0 15 0 16 9 174 2 199 0 71 0 3 0 0 0 0 145 0 3 92 
15
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 15 0 16 0 12 0 15 0 16 9 174 2 199 0 71 0 3 0 0 0 0 145 0 3 92 
15
66 77 0 28 0 12 0 15 0 16 0 12 0 15 0 16 9 174 2 199 66 77 0 28 0 13 0 16 0 16 0 13 
15
#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!
valid: 
12 15 16
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 16 0 16 0 13 0 16 0 16 9 213 2 205 0 72 0 3 0 0 0 0 145 0 3 142 
16
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 16 0 16 0 13 0 16 0 16 9 213 2 205 0 72 0 3 0 0 0 0 145 0 3 142 
16
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 16 0 17 0 13 0 16 0 17 9 207 2 208 0 83 0 6 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 156 
16
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 16 0 17 0 13 0 16 0 17 9 207 2 208 0 83 0 6 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 156 
16
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 17 0 13 0 17 0 17 9 159 2 202 0 87 0 5 0 1 0 0 145 0 3 107 
17
66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 17 0 66 77 0 28 0 13 0 17 0 17 0 13 0 17 0 17 9 159 2 202 0 
19712
#[exception] PM2.5 Sensor CHECKSUM ERROR!
valid: 
13 17 17

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