我正在尝试通过KeyPress
事件触发现有的按钮单击事件。仅当由 FXML
进行控制时,它才会失败。例如,此示例工作正常。但是当我使用 FXML
制作几乎相同的视图和控件时,KeyPressed
事件触发按钮单击事件时,按钮变为空。为什么会这样?我忘记了什么,一些基本的东西?
KeyPress 事件有效,但当触发按钮事件时,它会引发 NullpointerException。
这是简单的示例 Java 代码。
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.fxml.FXML;
import javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader;
import javafx.scene.Parent;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.input.KeyCode;
import javafx.scene.input.KeyEvent;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import java.io.IOException;
public class RapidFireFXMLEdition extends Application {
@FXML
private Button button;
@FXML
private Label label;
private static int nClicks = 0;
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws IOException{
Parent root = FXMLLoader.load(getClass().getResource("rapidfire.fxml"));
Scene scene = new Scene(root);
scene.setOnKeyPressed(event -> handleKeyPressed(event));
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
private void handleKeyPressed(KeyEvent event) {
KeyCode keyCode = event.getCode();
System.out.println("handleKeyPressed, keyCode: " + keyCode);
if (keyCode == KeyCode.F1) {
button.fire(); // button turns null
}
}
@FXML
private void handleClick() {
nClicks++;
System.out.println("Clicked " + nClicks + " times.");
label.setText("Clicked " + nClicks + " times.");
}
}
和 fxml 文件。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.Button?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.Label?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.VBox?>
<VBox maxHeight="-Infinity" maxWidth="-Infinity" minHeight="-Infinity" minWidth="-Infinity" prefHeight="90.0" prefWidth="100.0" xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx/8.0.65" xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml/1" fx:controller="rapid_sample.RapidFireFXMLEdition">
<children>
<Button fx:id="button" mnemonicParsing="false" onAction="#handleClick" text="Click Me!" />
<Label fx:id="label" text="display count here" />
<BorderPane prefHeight="200.0" prefWidth="400.0" />
</children>
</VBox>
更新:
这里只是备忘录的答案。我使KeyPressd
事件触发 FXML 单击事件成为可能,并且我从应用程序类中设计了一个控制器。
RapidCleanApp.java:
package rapid_sample;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import java.io.IOException;
public class RapidCleanApp extends Application {
public static Stage primaryStage;
private BorderPane rootLayout;
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws IOException {
this.primaryStage = primaryStage;
this.primaryStage.setTitle("Rapid but Clean App");
initRootLayout();
this.primaryStage.show();
}
private void initRootLayout() throws IOException {
FXMLLoader loader = new FXMLLoader();
loader.setLocation(RapidCleanApp.class.getResource("rapidclean.fxml"));
rootLayout = loader.load();
Scene scene = new Scene(rootLayout);
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
}
RapidCleanAppController.java:
package rapid_sample;
import javafx.fxml.FXML;
import javafx.fxml.Initializable;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.input.KeyCode;
import javafx.scene.input.KeyEvent;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;
public class RapidCleanAppController implements Initializable{
@FXML
private BorderPane pane;
@FXML
private Button button;
@FXML
private Label label;
private static int nClicks = 0;
@Override
public void initialize(URL location, ResourceBundle resources) {
System.out.println("Controller is initializing");
}
@FXML
private void handleKeyPressed(KeyEvent event) {
KeyCode keyCode = event.getCode();
System.out.println("handleKeyPressed, keyCode: " + keyCode);
if (keyCode == KeyCode.F1) {
button.fire();
}
}
@FXML
private void handleClick() {
nClicks++;
System.out.println("Clicked " + nClicks + " times.");
label.setText("Clicked " + nClicks + " times.");
}
}
Rapidclean.fxml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.Button?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.Label?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.VBox?>
<BorderPane fx:id="pane" maxHeight="-Infinity" maxWidth="-Infinity" minHeight="-Infinity" minWidth="-Infinity" onKeyPressed="#handleKeyPressed" prefHeight="100.0" prefWidth="200.0" xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx/8.0.65" xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml/1"
fx:controller="rapid_sample.RapidCleanAppController">
<center>
<VBox prefHeight="200.0" prefWidth="100.0" BorderPane.alignment="CENTER">
<children>
<Button fx:id="button" mnemonicParsing="false" onAction="#handleClick" prefHeight="23.0" prefWidth="96.0" text="Click Me!" />
<Label fx:id="label" text="display count here" />
</children>
</VBox>
</center>
</BorderPane>
我不建议使用 Application
类作为控制器;恕我直言,Application
类应该只"组装"不同的部分,不包含太多逻辑,因为在Application
类中重用代码在一定程度上受到应用程序生命周期的限制。仍然有很多方法可以与控制器类进行通信,如下所述: 传递参数 JavaFX FXML
但是,如果使用 Application
类作为控制器,则应注意使用 fx:controller
将创建一个新实例,而不是使用现有实例。要使用现有的控制器,您需要在加载场景时指定控制器实例,并删除 fxml 中的 fx:controller
属性:
FXMLLoader loader = new FXMLLoader(getClass().getResource("rapidfire.fxml"));
loader.setController(this);
Parent root = loader.load();
...
<VBox maxHeight="-Infinity" maxWidth="-Infinity" minHeight="-Infinity" minWidth="-Infinity" prefHeight="90.0" prefWidth="100.0" xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx/8.0.65" xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml/1">
...
我不确定应用程序类是否也可以是一个控制器。最好将控制器移动到分离类。或者其他丑陋的选择是:加:
public Button getButton() {
return this.button;
}
然后在 scene.setOnKeyPressed 之前:
RapidFireFXMLEdition controller = loader.getController();
this.button = controller.getButton();