使用Spring MVC和Mockito,没有MockMVC测试的JSON内容(null)



有一个代码库,该代码库使用SpringMVC 4.0.3.Release用于RESTFUL WEB服务。

CodeBase包含一个功能齐全的RESTFUL Web服务,我可以使用Postman和Curl验证作品。

但是,当尝试使用MockMVC编写特定的REST FERFER服务的单元测试时,我被试图从单元测试中获取JSON内容的阻塞。

想知道它是一个配置问题还是我没有正确创建假对象的问题(因为这不依赖于tomcat,并且是独立的(。

pom.xml:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
    <version>4.0.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    <version>4.0.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
    <version>4.0.3.RELEASE</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- A bunch of other Spring libs omitted from this post -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
    <version>3.1.0</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>4.12</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
            <artifactId>hamcrest-core</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
    <artifactId>hamcrest-all</artifactId>
    <version>1.3</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
    <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
    <version>1.10.19</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
            <artifactId>hamcrest-core</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>
    <artifactId>json-path-assert</artifactId>
    <version>0.9.1</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

webconfig:

package com.myapp.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ContentNegotiationConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
@EnableWebMvc
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.myapp.rest")
public class WebConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void configureContentNegotiation(ContentNegotiationConfigurer configurer) {
        configurer.defaultContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
    }
}

servetinitializer:

package com.myapp.config;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;
import com.myapp.config.WebConfig;
public class ServletInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[] { WebConfig.class };
    }
    @Override
    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[] { "/" };
    }
    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
        return null;
    }
}

usercontroller:

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/v2")
public class UserController {
    private final UserDAO dao;
    private HttpHeaders headers = null;
    @Autowired 
    public UserController(UserDAO dao) {
        this.dao = dao;
        headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.add("Content-Type", "application/json");
    }
    @RequestMapping(value = "users/{appId}", method = RequestMethod.GET, produces="application/json")
    @ResponseBody 
    public ResponseEntity<Object> getUserDetails(@PathVariable String appId) {
        Object jsonPayload = dao.getUser(appId);
        return new ResponseEntity<Object>(jsonPayload, headers, HttpStatus.OK);
    }
}

用户多:

@Repository
public class UserDAO {
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    @Autowired
    public UserDAO(@Qualifier("dataSourceDB") DataSource dataSource) {
        this.jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
    }
    // Finders methods (such as the getUser(appId)) which use Spring JDBC
}

Web-Inf/web.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.4"
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
    <display-name>MyApp</display-name>
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
</web-app>

Web-Inf/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml:

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans">
    <import resource="classpath:database.xml" />
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.myapp.rest" />
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    <bean id="viewResolver"
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix">
            <value>/WEB-INF/pages/</value>
        </property>
        <property name="suffix">
            <value>.jsp</value>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

src/main/resources/database.xml:

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans">
    <bean id="dataSourceDB" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
        <property name="driverClassName"><value>${jdbc.driver}</value></property>
        <property name="url"><value>${db.url}</value></property>
        <property name="username"><value>${db.username}</value></property>
        <property name="password"><value>${db.password}</value></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

我的实际单位测试: 软件包com.myapp.rest.controllers;

RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:**/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml")
@WebAppConfiguration
public class UserControllerTest {
    private MockMvc mockMvc;
    @Mock
    private UserDAO dao;
    @InjectMocks
    private UserController controller;
    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(controller).build();
    }
    @Test
    public void getUserDetails() throws Exception {
        String appId = "23bdr4560l";
        mockMvc.perform(get("/v2/users/{appId}",appId)
               .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
               .andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
               .andExpect(status().isOk())
               .andDo(print());
    }
}

当我在本地调用我的构建时:

mvn clean install

生成的输出到stdout:

运行com.myapp.rest.controllers.usercontrollertest

MockHttpServletRequest:
         HTTP Method = GET
         Request URI = /v2/users/23bdr4560l
          Parameters = {}
             Headers = {Accept=[application/json]}
             Handler:
                Type = com.myapp.rest.controllers.UserController
              Method = public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.lang.Object> com.myapp.rest.controllers.UserController.getUserDetails(java.lang.String)
               Async:
   Was async started = false
        Async result = null
  Resolved Exception:
                Type = null
        ModelAndView:
           View name = null
                View = null
               Model = null
            FlashMap:
MockHttpServletResponse:
              Status = 200
       Error message = null
             Headers = {Content-Type=[application/json]}
        Content type = application/json
                Body = 
       Forwarded URL = null
      Redirected URL = null
             Cookies = []
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.728 sec
Results :
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

注意JSON主体部分是空的/null:

Body = 

所以,尝试使用JSONPATH访问JSON有效载荷时:

@Test
public void getUserDetails() throws Exception {
    String appId = "23bdr4560l";
    mockMvc.perform(get("/v2/users/{appId}",appId)
           .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
           .andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
           .andExpect(status().isOk())
           .andExpect(jsonPath("$", hasSize(2)))
           .andDo(print());
}

收到以下错误:

Results :
Tests in error: 
  getUserDetails(com.myapp.rest.controllers.UserControllerTest): json can not be null or empty
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0

我可能会做什么错?

显然,我需要嘲笑响应,但已经搜索了这一点,而其他使用MockMVC的其他响应则能够获得JSON的测试。

这是一个配置问题(我需要为我的单位测试提供某种类型的注释(?

做,我需要在测试中实例化控制器?

奇怪的是,实际的休息调用有效(返回有效的JSON(,并使用邮递员和卷发...

此代码库没有@Service类/层,它的只是@RestController与@repository交谈(请参见上文(。

真的认为对基于Spring MVC的RESTFUL Web服务的测试支持会容易得多。

想法用完了...

任何帮助我最感激...

当您尝试像这样模拟bean时,它会尝试使用默认构造函数创建模拟。

@Mock
private UserDAO dao

它在实际休息呼叫的情况下起作用,因为您在运行时提供依赖的DataSource dataSource。为UserDAO类提供有效的依赖模拟。

,由于您要模拟用户Dao,因此需要对呼叫提供一些模拟期望:

Object jsonPayload = dao.getUser(appId);

在您的控制器内部,默认情况下它将返回null。要执行此操作,请在MockMVC调用之前使用测试中的Mockito.when((方法:

when(dao.getUser(anyString())).thenReturn(json)

json是您自己设置的一些硬编码的JSON对象。

对于初学者,由于您使用的是MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(...),因此实际上您没有使用 Spring testContext Framework (TCF(加载WebApplicationContext。因此,只需在您的测试类中完全删除以下声明:

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:**/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml")
@WebAppConfiguration

另外,您可以完全忽略XML配置文件,因为没有WebApplicationContext

顺便说一句,TCF从未使用web.xml和Servlet初始化器,因此您也可以忽略它们。

然后,如@plog所述,您需要设置对模拟UserDAO的期望;否则,dao.getUser(appId)的调用始终返回null,这会导致一个空的响应主体。

问:

SAM(春季TestContext Framework的作者(

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