如何在 Spring 测试中连接依赖项

Question

我很难弄清楚如何在Spring中编写单元测试。

这是我尝试测试的方法：

@Service
public class ActionRequestHandler {
    @Autowired
    private Vertx vertx;
    @Autowired
    private InventoryService inventoryService;
    @Autowired
    private RequestSerializationWrapper requestWrapper;
    @Autowired
    private ProducerTemplate producer;
    @EventListener
    @Transactional
    public void registerConsumer(ApplicationReadyEvent event) {
        EventBus eb = vertx.eventBus();
        eb.consumer("bos.admin.wui.action", (Message<String> msg) -> {
            handleIncomingRequest(msg);
        });
    }
    // ...
}

到目前为止，我已经尝试在我的测试类中创建配置，如下所示：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(loader = AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class)
public class ActionRequestHandlerTest {
    @Configuration
    static class ContextConfiguration {
        @Bean
        @Primary
        public Vertx vertx() {
            return Mockito.mock(Vertx.class);
        }
        @Bean
        @Primary
        public InventoryService inventoryService() {
            return Mockito.mock(InventoryService.class);
        }
        @Bean
        @Primary
        public RequestSerializationWrapper requestWrapper() {
            return new RequestSerializationWrapper();
        }
    }
    @Autowired
    private Vertx vertx;
    @Autowired
    private InventoryService inventoryService;
    @Autowired
    private RequestSerializationWrapper requestWrapper;
    @Autowired
    private ActionRequestHandler systemUnderTest;
    @Test
    public void registerConsumer_shouldRegisterVertxEventBusConsumer() {
        EventBus eventBusMock = Mockito.mock(EventBus.class);
        Mockito.when(vertx.eventBus()).thenReturn(eventBusMock);
        systemUnderTest.registerConsumer(null);
        Mockito.verify(eventBusMock.consumer(Matchers.anyString()), Mockito.times(1));
    }
}

但是，这似乎试图解决 InventoryService 中的每个依赖项，而不是嘲笑整个类。当我运行时，上面的配置给了我这个错误：

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private admin.messaging.converters.XmlToEntityConverter admin.persistence.service.InventoryService.entityConverter; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [admin.messaging.converters.XmlToEntityConverter] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}

我也尝试使用此处建议的配置文件。配置类看起来相同：

@Profile("test")
@Configuration
public class ActionRequestHandlerTestConfiguration {
    @Bean
    @Primary
    public Vertx vertx() {
        return Mockito.mock(Vertx.class);
    }
    @Bean
    @Primary
    public InventoryService inventoryService() {
        return Mockito.mock(InventoryService.class);
    }
    @Bean
    @Primary
    public RequestSerializationWrapper requestWrapper() {
        return new RequestSerializationWrapper();
    }
}

测试的设置略有不同，而是使用以下注释：

@ActiveProfiles("test")
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = ActionRequestHandler.class)
public class ActionRequestHandlerTest {
    // ...
}

但这反而给了我一个错误，即 Vertx 无法连接：

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private io.vertx.core.Vertx admin.messaging.request.ActionRequestHandler.vertx; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [io.vertx.core.Vertx] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}

我怎样才能让它工作？我哪里出错了？

Answer 1

你不需要整个 spring 上下文来编写 ActionRequestHandler 的单元测试。您应该改用MockitoJunitRunner并对依赖项进行模拟。

@RunWith(MockitoJunitRunner.class)
public class ActionRequestHandlerTest {
    @Mock
    private Vertx vertx;
    @Mock
    private InventoryService inventoryService;
    @Mock
    private RequestSerializationWrapper requestWrapper;
    @Mock
    private ProducerTemplate producer;
    @InjectMocks
    private ActionRequestHandler actionRequestHandler;
    @Test
    public void testRegisterConsumer() {
      .... Your code to test ActionRequestHandler#registerConsumer will go here....
    }
}

您可以在此处阅读有关它的更多信息。

Answer 2

尝试

@ContextConfiguration("/test-context.xml")
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

这会告诉 Junit 使用与测试位于同一目录中的 test-context.xml 文件。这个文件应该类似于真实的上下文.xml你用于 spring，但自然指向测试资源。