在 Ubuntu 上使用终端运行文件:os.system 在子进程的地方起作用.Popen 找不到该文件

Question

我正在尝试使用 Ubuntu 版本 16 上的subprocess.Popen通过 python 运行文件。安装了一个开源应用程序，使用终端上的命令CopasiUI将打开 Copasi GUI，而终端CopasiSE的命令将打开同一程序的命令行界面。使用CopasiSE <file path>其中<file path>是 copasi 文件的完整路径将提交 copasi 文件以供运行。手动完成时，这完全有效。

代码： `

In [13]: f='/home/b3053674/Documents/PyCoTools/PyCoTools/PyCoToolsTutorial/Kholodenko_0.cps'
In [14]: import os
In [15]: f
Out[15]: '/home/b3053674/Documents/PyCoTools/PyCoTools/PyCoToolsTutorial/Kholodenko_0.cps'
In [16]: os.path.isfile(f)
Out[16]: True

程序的符号链接也是功能性的：

In [20]: subprocess.Popen('CopasiSE')
Out[20]: <subprocess.Popen at 0x7f72a2643e90>
In [21]: COPASI 4.16 (Build 104)
The use of this software indicates the acceptance of the attached license.
To view the license please use the option: --license
Usage: CopasiSE [options] [file]
--SBMLSchema schema           The Schema of the SBML file to export.
--configdir dir               The configuration directory for copasi. The
default is .copasi in the home directory.
--configfile file             The configuration file for copasi. The
default is copasi in the ConfigDir.
--exportBerkeleyMadonna file  The Berkeley Madonna file to export.
--exportC file                The C code file to export.
--exportXPPAUT file           The XPPAUT file to export.
--home dir                    Your home directory.
--license                     Display the license.
--maxTime seconds             The maximal time CopasiSE may run in
seconds.
--nologo                      Surpresses the startup message.
--validate                    Only validate the given input file (COPASI,
Gepasi, or SBML) without performing any
calculations.
--verbose                     Enable output of messages during runtime to
std::error.
-c, --copasidir dir           The COPASI installation directory.
-e, --exportSBML file         The SBML file to export.
-i, --importSBML file         A SBML file to import.
-s, --save file               The file the model is saved to after work.
-t, --tmp dir                 The temp directory used for autosave.

使用os.system有效：

In [21]: os.system('CopasiSE {}'.format(f))
COPASI 4.16 (Build 104)
The use of this software indicates the acceptance of the attached license.
To view the license please use the option: --license

这是正在运行的 Copasi 文件的预期输出。

但是subprocess.Popen给我这个：

In [22]: subprocess.Popen('CopasiSE {}'.format(f))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
OSError                                   Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-22-c8cd60af5d46> in <module>()
----> 1 subprocess.Popen('CopasiSE {}'.format(f))
/home/b3053674/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/subprocess.pyc in __init__(self, args, bufsize, executable, stdin, stdout, stderr, preexec_fn, close_fds, shell, cwd, env, universal_newlines, startupinfo, creationflags)
388                                 p2cread, p2cwrite,
389                                 c2pread, c2pwrite,
--> 390                                 errread, errwrite)
391         except Exception:
392             # Preserve original exception in case os.close raises.
/home/b3053674/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/subprocess.pyc in _execute_child(self, args, executable, preexec_fn, close_fds, cwd, env, universal_newlines, startupinfo, creationflags, shell, to_close, p2cread, p2cwrite, c2pread, c2pwrite, errread, errwrite)
1022                         raise
1023                 child_exception = pickle.loads(data)
-> 1024                 raise child_exception
1025 
1026 
OSError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory
In [23]: 

谁能说出为什么？

Answer 1

带有子进程。Popen 你应该单独传递参数：subprocess.Popen(['CopasiSE', f])因为它是 shell(由os.system()调用)拆分命令行。