我正在尝试使用执行requirement.txt文件
pip install -r requirements.txt
在该文件中的需求中，还有chromedriver-binary==99.0.4844.51.0。
我在执行脚本时遇到以下错误：
Building wheels for collected packages: chromedriver-binary
Building wheel for chromedriver-binary (setup.py) ... error
error: subprocess-exited-with-error
× python setup.py bdist_wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> [86 lines of output]
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
Downloading Chromedriver...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/urllib/request.py", line 1346, in do_open
h.request(req.get_method(), req.selector, req.data, headers,
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/http/client.py", line 1255, in request
self._send_request(method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/http/client.py", line 1301, in _send_request
self.endheaders(body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/http/client.py", line 1250, in endheaders
self._send_output(message_body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/http/client.py", line 1010, in _send_output
self.send(msg)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/http/client.py", line 950, in send
self.connect()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/http/client.py", line 1424, in connect
self.sock = self._context.wrap_socket(self.sock,
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/ssl.py", line 500, in wrap_socket
return self.sslsocket_class._create(
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/ssl.py", line 1040, in _create
self.do_handshake()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/ssl.py", line 1309, in do_handshake
self._sslobj.do_handshake()
ssl.SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1123)
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/private/var/folders/cn/z0bwy5817r75b0x34py5qtzw0000gn/T/pip-install-wpqkdi4m/chromedriver-binary_29a0181dd63c4ff583dcd2e906683a82/setup.py", line 44, in run
response = urlopen(url)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/urllib/request.py", line 214, in urlopen
return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/urllib/request.py", line 517, in open
response = self._open(req, data)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/urllib/request.py", line 534, in _open
result = self._call_chain(self.handle_open, protocol, protocol +
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/urllib/request.py", line 494, in _call_chain
result = func(*args)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/urllib/request.py", line 1389, in https_open
return self.do_open(http.client.HTTPSConnection, req,
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/urllib/request.py", line 1349, in do_open
raise URLError(err)
urllib.error.URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1123)>
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 2, in <module>
File "<pip-setuptools-caller>", line 34, in <module>
File "/private/var/folders/cn/z0bwy5817r75b0x34py5qtzw0000gn/T/pip-install-wpqkdi4m/chromedriver-binary_29a0181dd63c4ff583dcd2e906683a82/setup.py", line 59, in <module>
setup(
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/__init__.py", line 87, in setup
return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/core.py", line 148, in setup
return run_commands(dist)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/core.py", line 163, in run_commands
dist.run_commands()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/dist.py", line 967, in run_commands
self.run_command(cmd)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 1214, in run_command
super().run_command(command)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/dist.py", line 986, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/wheel/bdist_wheel.py", line 299, in run
self.run_command('build')
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
self.distribution.run_command(command)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 1214, in run_command
super().run_command(command)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/dist.py", line 986, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/command/build.py", line 135, in run
self.run_command(cmd_name)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
self.distribution.run_command(command)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 1214, in run_command
super().run_command(command)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/dist.py", line 986, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/private/var/folders/cn/z0bwy5817r75b0x34py5qtzw0000gn/T/pip-install-wpqkdi4m/chromedriver-binary_29a0181dd63c4ff583dcd2e906683a82/setup.py", line 48, in run
raise RuntimeError('Failed to download chromedriver archive: {}'.format(url))
RuntimeError: Failed to download chromedriver archive: https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/99.0.4844.51/chromedriver_mac64.zip
[end of output]
note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
ERROR: Failed building wheel for chromedriver-binary
Running setup.py clean for chromedriver-binary
Failed to build chromedriver-binary
Installing collected packages: chromedriver-binary
Running setup.py install for chromedriver-binary ... error
error: subprocess-exited-with-error
× Running setup.py install for chromedriver-binary did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> [90 lines of output]
running install
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/command/install.py:34: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: setup.py install is deprecated. Use build and pip and other standards-based tools.
warnings.warn(
running build
running build_py
Downloading Chromedriver...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/urllib/request.py", line 1346, in do_open
h.request(req.get_method(), req.selector, req.data, headers,
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/http/client.py", line 1255, in request
self._send_request(method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/http/client.py", line 1301, in _send_request
self.endheaders(body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/http/client.py", line 1250, in endheaders
self._send_output(message_body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/http/client.py", line 1010, in _send_output
self.send(msg)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/http/client.py", line 950, in send
self.connect()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/http/client.py", line 1424, in connect
self.sock = self._context.wrap_socket(self.sock,
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/ssl.py", line 500, in wrap_socket
return self.sslsocket_class._create(
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/ssl.py", line 1040, in _create
self.do_handshake()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/ssl.py", line 1309, in do_handshake
self._sslobj.do_handshake()
ssl.SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1123)
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/private/var/folders/cn/z0bwy5817r75b0x34py5qtzw0000gn/T/pip-install-wpqkdi4m/chromedriver-binary_29a0181dd63c4ff583dcd2e906683a82/setup.py", line 44, in run
response = urlopen(url)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/urllib/request.py", line 214, in urlopen
return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/urllib/request.py", line 517, in open
response = self._open(req, data)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/urllib/request.py", line 534, in _open
result = self._call_chain(self.handle_open, protocol, protocol +
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/urllib/request.py", line 494, in _call_chain
result = func(*args)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/urllib/request.py", line 1389, in https_open
return self.do_open(http.client.HTTPSConnection, req,
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/urllib/request.py", line 1349, in do_open
raise URLError(err)
urllib.error.URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1123)>
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 2, in <module>
File "<pip-setuptools-caller>", line 34, in <module>
File "/private/var/folders/cn/z0bwy5817r75b0x34py5qtzw0000gn/T/pip-install-wpqkdi4m/chromedriver-binary_29a0181dd63c4ff583dcd2e906683a82/setup.py", line 59, in <module>
setup(
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/__init__.py", line 87, in setup
return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/core.py", line 148, in setup
return run_commands(dist)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/core.py", line 163, in run_commands
dist.run_commands()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/dist.py", line 967, in run_commands
self.run_command(cmd)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 1214, in run_command
super().run_command(command)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/dist.py", line 986, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/command/install.py", line 68, in run
return orig.install.run(self)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/command/install.py", line 670, in run
self.run_command('build')
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
self.distribution.run_command(command)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 1214, in run_command
super().run_command(command)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/dist.py", line 986, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/command/build.py", line 135, in run
self.run_command(cmd_name)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
self.distribution.run_command(command)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 1214, in run_command
super().run_command(command)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/dist.py", line 986, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/private/var/folders/cn/z0bwy5817r75b0x34py5qtzw0000gn/T/pip-install-wpqkdi4m/chromedriver-binary_29a0181dd63c4ff583dcd2e906683a82/setup.py", line 48, in run
raise RuntimeError('Failed to download chromedriver archive: {}'.format(url))
RuntimeError: Failed to download chromedriver archive: https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/99.0.4844.51/chromedriver_mac64.zip
[end of output]
note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: legacy-install-failure
× Encountered error while trying to install package.
╰─> chromedriver-binary
note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for output from the failure.
为了自己安装chromedriver二进制文件，我尝试了一切(从https://pypi.org/project/chromedriver-py/)，但没有成功。我正在使用macOS。
有人能帮忙吗？
通过执行解决问题
CERT_PATH=$(python -m certifi)
export SSL_CERT_FILE=${CERT_PATH}
export REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE=${CERT_PATH}
请参阅：如何让Python使用来自Mac OS TrustStore的CA证书？