如何解决手动安装cuda的链接问题

Question

我拼命想让cuda工具包在我的debian系统上运行，通过.run文件安装了cuda 11.7和英伟达驱动程序515。不幸的是，在使用autoconf脚本检查cudart和curand库时，我总是得到错误。跳过检查，导致编译(c++(时出现缺少cuda.h错误。

运行nvcc --version:

nvcc: NVIDIA (R) Cuda compiler driver
Copyright (c) 2005-2022 NVIDIA Corporation
Built on Wed_Jun__8_16:49:14_PDT_2022
Cuda compilation tools, release 11.7, V11.7.99
Build cuda_11.7.r11.7/compiler.31442593_0

在我的~/.bashrc中，我添加了：

export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/cuda-11.7/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/usr/local/cuda-11.7/lib64

我还尝试将/usr/local/cuda-11.7/lib64添加到ld.so.conf中。运行sudo ldconfig -v | grep cuda会得到：

ldconfig: Can't stat /usr/local/cuda-11/targets/x86_64-linux/lib: No such file or directory
ldconfig: Path `/usr/local/cuda-11.7/targets/x86_64-linux/lib' given more than once
ldconfig: Can't stat /usr/local/cuda-11.4/targets/x86_64-linux/lib: No such file or directory
ldconfig: Can't stat /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu: No such file or directory
ldconfig: Path `/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu' given more than once
ldconfig: Path `/usr/lib32' given more than once
ldconfig: Path `/usr/local/cuda-11.7/lib64' given more than once
ldconfig: Path `/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu' given more than once
ldconfig: Path `/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu' given more than once
ldconfig: Path `/usr/lib' given more than once
ldconfig: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so is the dynamic linker, ignoring
/usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib:
libcudart.so.11.0 -> libcudart.so.11.7.99
libicudata.so.67 -> libicudata.so.67.1
libcuda.so.1 -> libcuda.so.515.65.01
ldconfig: /lib32/ld-2.31.so is the dynamic linker, ignoring
libcuda.so.1 -> libcuda.so.515.65.01

运行sudoldconfig -p | grep cuda会得到以下输出：

libnvrtc.so.11.2 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnvrtc.so.11.2
libnvrtc.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnvrtc.so
libnvrtc-builtins.so.11.7 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnvrtc-builtins.so.11.7
libnvrtc-builtins.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnvrtc-builtins.so
libnvjpeg.so.11 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnvjpeg.so.11
libnvjpeg.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnvjpeg.so
libnvblas.so.11 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnvblas.so.11
libnvblas.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnvblas.so
libnvToolsExt.so.1 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnvToolsExt.so.1
libnvToolsExt.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnvToolsExt.so
libnpps.so.11 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnpps.so.11
libnpps.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnpps.so
libnppitc.so.11 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppitc.so.11
libnppitc.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppitc.so
libnppisu.so.11 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppisu.so.11
libnppisu.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppisu.so
libnppist.so.11 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppist.so.11
libnppist.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppist.so
libnppim.so.11 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppim.so.11
libnppim.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppim.so
libnppig.so.11 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppig.so.11
libnppig.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppig.so
libnppif.so.11 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppif.so.11
libnppif.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppif.so
libnppidei.so.11 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppidei.so.11
libnppidei.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppidei.so
libnppicc.so.11 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppicc.so.11
libnppicc.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppicc.so
libnppial.so.11 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppial.so.11
libnppial.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppial.so
libnppc.so.11 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppc.so.11
libnppc.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppc.so
libicudata.so.67 (libc6,x86-64) => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libicudata.so.67
libicudata.so (libc6,x86-64) => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libicudata.so
libcusparse.so.11 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcusparse.so.11
libcusparse.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcusparse.so
libcusolverMg.so.11 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcusolverMg.so.11
libcusolverMg.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcusolverMg.so
libcusolver.so.11 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcusolver.so.11
libcusolver.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcusolver.so
libcurand.so.10 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcurand.so.10
libcurand.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcurand.so
libcuinj64.so.11.7 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcuinj64.so.11.7
libcuinj64.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcuinj64.so
libcufile_rdma.so.1 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcufile_rdma.so.1
libcufile_rdma.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcufile_rdma.so
libcufile.so.0 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcufile.so.0
libcufile.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcufile.so
libcufftw.so.10 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcufftw.so.10
libcufftw.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcufftw.so
libcufft.so.10 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcufft.so.10
libcufft.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcufft.so
libcudart.so.11.0 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudart.so.11.0
libcudart.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudart.so
libcuda.so.1 (libc6,x86-64) => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so.1
libcuda.so.1 (libc6) => /lib32/libcuda.so.1
libcuda.so (libc6,x86-64) => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so
libcuda.so (libc6) => /lib32/libcuda.so
libcublasLt.so.11 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcublasLt.so.11
libcublasLt.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcublasLt.so
libcublas.so.11 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcublas.so.11
libcublas.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcublas.so
libaccinj64.so.11.7 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libaccinj64.so.11.7
libaccinj64.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libaccinj64.so
libOpenCL.so.1 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libOpenCL.so.1
libOpenCL.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libOpenCL.so

当cuda与apt一起安装时，编译工作很好，但我需要一个比apt中可用的版本更新的版本。如果有人能给我一个提示，我会很高兴的。我对Linux世界还比较陌生，因此我自己也有一些问题需要解决。

Answer 1

正如Fareanor所解释的，解决方案的一部分是将cuda添加到LIBRARY_PATH中。我还不得不在CPATH中添加cuda。

现在它工作了，.bashrc包含：

export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/cuda-11.7/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/usr/local/cuda-11.7/lib64
export LIBRARY_PATH=${LIBRARY_PATH}:/usr/local/cuda-11.7/lib64
export CPATH=$CPATH:/usr/local/cuda/include