将文件的行转换为项列表

Question

我必须处理一个包含crontab指令的给定文件:

##Batch IdRef2Virtuoso
*/1 * * * * /home/batch/autorites/current/bin/exportAutorites2TS.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
*/1 * * * * /home/batch/autorites/current/bin/exportBiblio2TS.sh > /dev/null 2>&1

我想把它剪掉，以便得到一个带有项目列表的yaml文件，然后继续使用ansible。我可以用常规的awk做这样的事情:

while read -r line; do printf '%sn' "$line"| awk '{ split($0, ip, /' '/); printf("- title1: "%s"n  title2: "%s"n  minute: "%s"n  hour: "%s"n  day_month: "%s"n  month: "%s"n  day_week: "%s"n  day: "%s"n", ip[1], ip[2], ip[3], ip[4], ip[5], ip[6], ip[7], ip[8]);}'; done <"/tmp/crontab-DEV.txt"

结果:

{
"msg": [
{
"day_month": "*",
"day_week": "*",
"hour": "*",
"job": "/home/batch/autorites/current/bin/exportAutorites2TS.sh",
"minute": "*/1",
"month": "*"
},
{
"day_month": "*",
"day_week": "*",
"hour": "*",
"job": "/home/batch/autorites/current/bin/exportBiblio2TS.sh",
"minute": "*/1",
"month": "*"
}
]
}

它可以工作，但它不是很"可靠"，我如何才能获得相同的结果?

Answer 1

给定文件

shell> cat crontab 
*/1 * * * * /home/batch/autorites/current/bin/exportAutorites2TS.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
*/1 * * * * /home/batch/autorites/current/bin/exportBiblio2TS.sh > /dev/null 2>&1

下面的任务

- command: cat crontab
register: result
- set_fact:
cron_conf: "{{ cron_conf|default([]) + [dict(keys|zip(vals[0:6]))] }}"
loop: "{{ result.stdout_lines }}"
vars:
vals: "{{ item.split() }}"
keys: [minute, hour, day_month, month, day_week, job]

创建列表

cron_conf:
- day_month: '*'
day_week: '*'
hour: '*'
job: /home/batch/autorites/current/bin/exportAutorites2TS.sh
minute: '*/1'
month: '*'
- day_month: '*'
day_week: '*'
hour: '*'
job: /home/batch/autorites/current/bin/exportBiblio2TS.sh
minute: '*/1'
month: '*'

---

更新09/2022

您可以使用过滤器community.general。字典并避免迭代。例如，下面的声明给出了相同的结果。

cron_keys: [minute, hour, day_month, month, day_week, job]
cron_conf: "{{ result.stdout_lines|
map('split')|
map('zip', cron_keys)|
map('map', 'reverse')|
map('community.general.dict') }}"

Answer 2

这是我在这里提出的一种幼稚的方法，因为它不包括以下情况:

• 有一个6字以上的注释行，例如# some comment here with six words
• 这个任务实际上比一个"一个词"的表达式要复杂得多。(/path/to/bin)，如service httpd restart
• 可能还有其他不直接出现在我脑海中的怪癖

说了这么多，你能做的就是使用以下组合:

• file查找以获取文件
的内容
• Python方法str.splitline()将文件的内容拆分为每行
• Python方法str.split()在不同的令牌中分割行
• 然后在任务级使用vars来转换字典中的字符串

给定剧本:

- hosts: all
gather_facts: no
tasks:
- set_fact: 
cron_expressions: "{{ cron_expressions + [cron_expression] }}"
loop: "{{ lookup('file', '/tmp/crontab-DEV.txt').splitlines() }}"
when: cron_line[5] is defined
vars:
cron_expressions: []
cron_line: "{{ item.split() }}"
cron_expression: 
minute: "{{ cron_line[0] }}"
hour: "{{ cron_line[1] }}"
day_month: "{{ cron_line[2] }}"
month: "{{ cron_line[3] }}"
day_week: "{{ cron_line[4] }}"
job: "{{ cron_line[5] }}" 
# job: "{{ cron_line[5:] | join('') }}" 
# ^-- could be an alternative to recover some possible data loss
# in the job, using an array slice
- debug:
var: cron_expressions

结果是:

PLAY [all] **********************************************************************************************************
TASK [set_fact] *****************************************************************************************************
skipping: [localhost] => (item=## Batch IdRef2Virtuoso) 
ok: [localhost] => (item=*/1 * * * * /home/batch/autorites/current/bin/exportAutorites2TS.sh > /dev/null 2>&1)
ok: [localhost] => (item=*/1 * * * * /home/batch/autorites/current/bin/exportBiblio2TS.sh > /dev/null 2>&1)
TASK [debug] ********************************************************************************************************
ok: [localhost] => {
"cron_expressions": [
{
"day_month": "*",
"day_week": "*",
"hour": "*",
"job": "/home/batch/autorites/current/bin/exportAutorites2TS.sh",
"minute": "*/1",
"month": "*"
},
{
"day_month": "*",
"day_week": "*",
"hour": "*",
"job": "/home/batch/autorites/current/bin/exportBiblio2TS.sh",
"minute": "*/1",
"month": "*"
}
]
}
PLAY RECAP **********************************************************************************************************
localhost                  : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0