无法"点安装枕头"。它给了我一个错误，即"找不到 jpeg 的标头或库文件"

Question

我需要在python中为学校安装PIL/Pillow模块，但它一直给我一个错误，我不知道为什么(尤其是因为班上的其他人已经开始工作了)。我的实验室老师甚至帮不了我。这是我得到的主要错误：

"找不到jpeg的标头或库文件，这是从源代码编译Pillow时必需的依赖项。">

剩下的错误是：

''收集枕头使用缓存的Pillow-8.3.2.tar.gz(48.8 MB)Pillow使用传统的"setup.py install"，因为没有安装软件包"wheel"。安装收集的包裹：枕头正在运行Pillow的setup.py安装。。。错误错误：命令出错，退出状态为1:命令：'C:\msys64\mingw64\bin\python3.exe'-u-C'导入io、os、sys、setuptools、tokenize；sys.argv[0]=""'C： \Users\jmder\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-d40m3y5k\pilow_76d63863c38642d3b650f78e6e9b009d\setup.py""'文件=""'C： \Users\jmder\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-d40m3y5k\pilow_76d63863c38642d3b650f78e6e9b009d\setup.py""'；f=getattr(tokenize，'"'open'"，open)(文件)，如果os.path.存在(file"')；code=f.read；f.关闭()；exec(compile(code，file，'"'exec'"'"')'install--record'C:\Users\jmder\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-sm1kcten\install record.txt'--外部管理的单一版本--compile--安装头'C:\msys64\mingw64\include\python3.9\Pilow'cwd:C:\Users\jmder\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-d40m3y5k\pilow_76d63863c38642d3b650f78e6e9b009d
完整输出(178行)：正在运行安装正在运行生成运行build_py创建生成创建内部版本\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9创建内部版本\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\BdfFontFile.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\BlpImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\BmpImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\BufrStubImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\ContainerIO.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\CurImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\DcxImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\DdsImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\EpsImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\ExifTags.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\features.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\FitsStubImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\FliImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\FontFile.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\FpxImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\FtexImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\GbrImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\GdImageFile.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\GifImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\GimpGradientFile.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\GimpPaletteFile.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\GribTubImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\Hdf5TubImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\IcnsImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\IcoImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\Image.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\ImageChops.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\ImageCms.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\ImageColor.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\ImageDraw.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\ImageDraw2.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\ImageEnhance.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\ImageFile.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\ImageFilter.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\ImageFont.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\ImageGrab.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\ImageMath.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\ImageMode.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\ImageMorph.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\ImageOps.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\ImagePalette.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\ImagePath.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\ImageQt.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\ImageSequence.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\ImageShow.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\ImageStat.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\ImageTk.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\ImageTransform.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\ImageWin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\ImImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\ImtImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\IptcImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\Jpeg2KImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\JpegImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\JpegPresets.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\McIdasImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\MicImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\MpegImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\MpoImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\MspImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\PaletteFile.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\PalmImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\PcdImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\PcfFontFile.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\PcxImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\PdfImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\PdfParser.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\PixarImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\PngImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\PpmImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\PsdImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\PSDraw.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\PyAccess.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\SgiImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\SpiderImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\SunImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\TarIO.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\TgaImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\TiffImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\TiffTags.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\WallImageFile.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\WebPImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\WmfImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\XbmImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\XpmImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL\XVThumbImagePlugin.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL_binary.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL_tkinter_finder.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL_util.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL_version.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL_init_.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL复制src\PIL_main_.py->build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL运行egg_infowriting src\Pilow.egg info\PKG-info将dependency_links写入src\Pillow.egg info\dendency_liinks.txt将顶级名称写入src\Pillow.egg info\top_level.txt添加许可证文件"license"(匹配模式"LICEN[CS]E*")正在读取清单文件"src\Pillow.egg info\SOURCES.txt"正在读取清单模板"manifest.in"警告：找不到与'.c'匹配的文件警告：找不到与">.h"匹配的文件警告：找不到与'.sh'匹配的文件警告：未找到与".appveyor.yml"匹配的以前包含的文件警告：未找到与".clang格式"匹配的以前包含的文件警告：未找到与".coveragerc"匹配的以前包含的文件警告：未找到与".editorconfig"匹配的以前包含的文件警告：未找到与".readthedocs.yml"匹配的以前包含的文件警告：未找到与"codecov.yml"匹配的以前包含的文件警告：在发行版的任何位置都找不到与".git"匹配的以前包含的文件警告：在发行版的任何位置都找不到以前包含的与'.pyc'匹配的文件警告：在分发中的任何位置都找不到与">.so"匹配的以前包含的文件未找到与".ci"匹配的以前包含的目录正在写入清单文件"src\Pillow.egg info\SOURCES.txt"运行build_extdllwrap:警告：dllwrap已弃用，请使用gcc-shared或ld-shared代替

The headers or library files could not be found for jpeg,
a required dependency when compiling Pillow from source.
Please see the install instructions at:
https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:UsersjmderAppDataLocalTemppip-install-d40m3y5kpillow_76d63863c38642d3b650f78e6e9b009dsetup.py", line 976, in <module>
setup(
File "C:msys64mingw64libpython3.9site-packagessetuptools__init__.py", line 153, in setup
return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
File "C:msys64mingw64libpython3.9distutilscore.py", line 148, in setup
dist.run_commands()
File "C:msys64mingw64libpython3.9distutilsdist.py", line 966, in run_commands
self.run_command(cmd)
File "C:msys64mingw64libpython3.9distutilsdist.py", line 985, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "C:msys64mingw64libpython3.9site-packagessetuptoolscommandinstall.py", line 61, in run
return orig.install.run(self)
File "C:msys64mingw64libpython3.9distutilscommandinstall.py", line 547, in run
self.run_command('build')
File "C:msys64mingw64libpython3.9distutilscmd.py", line 313, in run_command
self.distribution.run_command(command)
File "C:msys64mingw64libpython3.9distutilsdist.py", line 985, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "C:msys64mingw64libpython3.9distutilscommandbuild.py", line 135, in run
self.run_command(cmd_name)
File "C:msys64mingw64libpython3.9distutilscmd.py", line 313, in run_command
self.distribution.run_command(command)
File "C:msys64mingw64libpython3.9distutilsdist.py", line 985, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "C:msys64mingw64libpython3.9site-packagessetuptoolscommandbuild_ext.py", line 79, in run
_build_ext.run(self)
File "C:msys64mingw64libpython3.9distutilscommandbuild_ext.py", line 341, in run
self.build_extensions()
File "C:UsersjmderAppDataLocalTemppip-install-d40m3y5kpillow_76d63863c38642d3b650f78e6e9b009dsetup.py", line 788, in build_extensions
raise RequiredDependencyException(f)
__main__.RequiredDependencyException: jpeg
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
File "C:UsersjmderAppDataLocalTemppip-install-d40m3y5kpillow_76d63863c38642d3b650f78e6e9b009dsetup.py", line 1035, in <module>
raise RequiredDependencyException(msg)
__main__.RequiredDependencyException:
The headers or library files could not be found for jpeg,
a required dependency when compiling Pillow from source.
Please see the install instructions at:
https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html

----------------------------------------

错误：命令出错，退出状态为1:'C:\msys64\mingw64\bin\python3.exe'-u-C'import io，os，sys，setuptools，tokenize；sys.argv[0]=""'C： \Users\jmder\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-d40m3y5k\pilow_76d63863c38642d3b650f78e6e9b009d\setup.py""'文件=""'C： \Users\jmder\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-d40m3y5k\pilow_76d63863c38642d3b650f78e6e9b009d\setup.py""'；f=getattr(tokenize，'"'open'"，open)(文件)，如果os.path.存在(file"')；code=f.read；f.关闭()；exec(compile(code，file，'"'exec'")'安装-记录'C:\Users\jmder\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-sm1kcten\install record.txt'--外部管理的单一版本--编译-安装头'C:\msys64\mingw64\include\python3.9\Pilow'检查日志以获取完整的命令输出。''

运行Windows 10、Python 3.9.6

Answer 1

尝试：

python3.9 -m pip install pillow --upgrade

这帮我解决了图书馆的问题。

另请参阅：建议升级枕头，但已经是最新的

对于所有出现的库问题，请尝试此操作。它必须使用与执行的脚本相同的用户和环境来完成。请考虑仅以root/admin身份安装库，或者使用干净的环境。

编辑：问题是，如果一个库安装在不同的环境中，它可能是由pip找到的，但不是由您的python解释器找到的&quot--升级"；重新安装库，无论它是否已经安装。

Answer 2

尝试添加--可信主机：

python3.9 -m pip install pillow --upgrade -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple/ --trusted-host pypi.douban.com

它解决了我的问题