正在更新sqlite3中的多列

Question

我想更新sqlite中"class"表中的多个列。我不知道如何做到这一点，所以我使用了与"INSERT"查询相同的语法。然而，我似乎出现了以下语法错误：sqlite3.OperationalError: near "VALUES": syntax error

我目前遇到的问题是

e_sql= "UPDATE Class SET (ClassType,Location,UserID,Staff,Time) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?)"
c.execute(e_sql,(classes,location,r,staff,time))

我只是想知道如何创建一个查询来更新"Class"表中的多个列。这是我当前的代码：

#imports
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox as ms
from tkinter import ttk
import sqlite3
from PIL import Image,ImageTk
import datetime
global time 
time = datetime.datetime.now()
with sqlite3.connect('Gym.db') as db:
c = db.cursor()
c.execute('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Users (UserID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,FirstName TEXT ,LastName TEXT ,Gender TEXT,Email TEXT NOT NULL,Phone TEXT NOT NULL,Username TEXT NOT NULL,Password TEXT NOT NULL);')
c.execute('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Staff (StaffID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, Role TEXT NOT NULL, Name TEXT);')
c.execute('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Gym (GymID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, Location TEXT);')
c.execute('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Class (ClassID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, ClassType TEXT, Location TEXT, UserID INTEGER, Staff TEXT, StaffID INTEGER, Time TEXT, FOREIGN KEY (UserID) REFERENCES Users(UserID), FOREIGN KEY (StaffID) REFERENCES Staff (StaffID));')
db.commit()
db.close()
class main:
def __init__(self,master):
self.master = master
self.variable_edit_class = StringVar()
self.variable_edit_time = StringVar()
self.variable_edit_location = StringVar()
self.variable_edit_staff = StringVar()
self.widgets()
def edit_sql(self):
username = self.Username.get()
password = self.Password.get()
classes = self.variable_edit_class.get()
location = self.variable_edit_location.get()
time = self.variable_edit_time.get()
staff = self.variable_staff.get()
with sqlite3.connect('Gym.db') as db:
c = db.cursor()
c.execute('SELECT UserID FROM Users WHERE Username = (?) AND Password =(?)', (str(username),str(password)))
result = c.fetchall()
for row in result:
r = row[0]
e_sql= "UPDATE Class SET (ClassType,Location,UserID,Staff,Time) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?)"
c.execute(e_sql,(classes,location,r,staff,time))
def widgets(self):
self.editf = Frame(self.master, height=500,width=600)
green_label_12 = Label(self.editf,text = "", font=('arial',15),fg='black',bg='light sea green',width=600,height=3)
green_label_12.place(x=0,y=5)
edit_class_label = Label(self.editf, text = "Class Bookings", font =('arial',15, 'bold'),fg = 'black',bg = 'light sea green')
edit_class_label.place(x=220,y=20)
back_btn11 = Button(self.editf, text ='Back', width = 5,bg = 'brown', command=self.dashboard)
back_btn11.place(x=10,y=465)
edit_classes_label = Label(self.editf, text = "Class", font =('arial',15),fg = 'black')
edit_classes_label.place(x=25,y=110)
edit_time_label = Label(self.editf, text = "Time", font =('arial',15),fg = 'black')
edit_time_label.place(x=250,y=110)
edit_location_label = Label(self.editf, text = "Location", font =('arial',15),fg = 'black')
edit_location_label.place(x=25,y=200)
edit_staff_label = Label(self.editf, text = "Staff", font =('arial',15),fg = 'black')
edit_staff_label.place(x=260,y=200)
Edit_Classes = [
"Boxing",
"Cardio",
"Gym",
"Strength",
"Swim",
"Yoga"
]

self.variable_edit_class.set("Please Select")
edit_booking_options = OptionMenu(self.editf,self.variable_edit_class,*Edit_Classes)
edit_booking_options.place(x=90,y=110)
Edit_Times = [
"8:00 AM",
"9:00 AM",
"10:00 AM",
"11:00 AM",
"12:00 PM",
"1:00 PM",
"2:00 PM",
"3:00 PM",
"4:00 PM",
"5:00 PM",
"6:00 PM"
]
self.variable_edit_time.set("Please Select")
edit_time_options = OptionMenu(self.editf,self.variable_edit_time,*Edit_Times)
edit_time_options.place(x=315,y=110)
Edit_Location = [
"Carrara",
"Nerang",
"Robina",
"Helensvale"
]

self.variable_edit_location.set("Please Select")
edit_location_options = OptionMenu(self.editf,self.variable_edit_location,*Edit_Location)
edit_location_options.place(x=115,y=200)
Edit_Staff = [
"Any",
"John Cena",
"Mike Tyson",
"The Rock",
"Terry Crews",
"Mr George",
"None"
]
self.variable_edit_staff.set("Please Select")
edit_staff_options = OptionMenu(self.editf,self.variable_edit_staff,*Edit_Staff)
edit_staff_options.place(x=325,y=200)
submit_btn_4 = Button(self.editf, text ='Update', width = 6,bg = 'dodger blue', command=self.edit_sql)
submit_btn_4.place(x=535,y=470)

root = Tk()
root.title("Gym Membership System")
main(root)
root.mainloop()

Answer 1

UPDATE语句的语法为(对于SQLite 3.15.0+(：

UPDATE Class SET (ClassType,Location,UserID,Staff,Time) = (?,?,?,?,?)

或在标准SQL:中

UPDATE Class SET 
ClassType = ?,
Location = ?, 
UserID = ?,
Staff = ?,
Time = ?

但我认为您还需要一个WHERE子句，因为这将更新表中的所有行。

Answer 2

在SQL中，INSERT和UPDATE具有不同的语义。你写：

INSERT INTO table(col1, col2, ...) VALUES (val1, val2, ...)

但是：

UPDATE table SET col1=val1, col2=val2, col3=val3, ... [WHERE ...]

任何val都可以替换为?以具有参数化查询，并且UPDATE可选地接受WHERE子句。

Answer 3

试试这个：

c.execute("INSERT INTO Class VALUES(?,?,?,?,?)",
(classes,location,r,staff,time))
c.commit()