我在Django文档中读到，将创建一个空白数据库进行测试。我是Django的新手，所以我几乎没有更改setting.py中的任何内容，目前正在使用Sqlite数据库。然而，当我运行python manage.py test时，Django一直告诉用户已经存在，所以我尝试在TestCase中更改已创建用户的用户名，再次运行测试，发现新用户是在现有数据库中创建的。测试文件如下：
class UserTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
admin = User.objects.create(username="admin", password="1")
user1 = User.objects.create(username="user1", password="1")
user2 = User.objects.create(username="user2", password="1")
admin.following.add(user1)
admin.followers.add(user2)
def test_users_count(self):
self.assertEqual(User.objects.count()==3)
我的型号如下：
class User(AbstractUser):
followers = models.ManyToManyField('self', related_name="following", symmetrical=False, through='Follow', through_fields=('followee', 'follower'))
def __str__(self):
return f"{self.username}"
def serialize(self):
return {
"id": self.id,
"username": self.username,
}
class Follow(models.Model):
followee = models.ForeignKey(
'User',
on_delete=models.CASCADE,
related_name='+'
)
follower = models.ForeignKey(
'User',
on_delete=models.CASCADE,
related_name='+'
)
def clean(self, *args, **kwargs):
if self.follower__id == self.followee__id:
raise ValidationError('Can not follow self.')
return super().clean(*args, **kwargs)
class Meta:
constraints = [
models.UniqueConstraint(fields=['follower', 'followee'], name='follow_once'),
models.CheckConstraint(check=~Q(follower=F('followee')), name='not_follow_self')
]
编辑：Bellow是我运行python manage.py test时的输出
(env_web) PS C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentproject4> python manage.py test
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
EE
======================================================================
ERROR: test_following_count (network.tests.UserTestCase)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendsutils.py", line 84, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendssqlite3base.py", line 413, in execute
return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)
sqlite3.IntegrityError: UNIQUE constraint failed: network_user.username
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentproject4networktests.py", line 21, in setUp
admin = User.objects.create(username="admin1", password="1")
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbmodelsmanager.py", line 85, in manager_method
return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbmodelsquery.py", line 447, in create
obj.save(force_insert=True, using=self.db)
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangocontribauthbase_user.py", line 67, in save
super().save(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbmodelsbase.py", line 754, in save
force_update=force_update, update_fields=update_fields)
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbmodelsbase.py", line 792, in save_base
force_update, using, update_fields,
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbmodelsbase.py", line 895, in _save_table
results = self._do_insert(cls._base_manager, using, fields, returning_fields, raw)
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbmodelsbase.py", line 935, in _do_insert
using=using, raw=raw,
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbmodelsmanager.py", line 85, in manager_method
return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbmodelsquery.py", line 1254, in _insert
return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(returning_fields)
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbmodelssqlcompiler.py", line 1397, in execute_sql
cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendsutils.py", line 66, in execute
return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendsutils.py", line 75, in _execute_with_wrappers
return executor(sql, params, many, context)
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendsutils.py", line 84, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbutils.py", line 90, in __exit__
raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendsutils.py", line 84, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendssqlite3base.py", line 413, in execute
return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)
django.db.utils.IntegrityError: UNIQUE constraint failed: network_user.username
======================================================================
ERROR: test_users_count (network.tests.UserTestCase)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendsutils.py", line 84, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendssqlite3base.py", line 413, in execute
return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)
sqlite3.IntegrityError: UNIQUE constraint failed: network_user.username
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentproject4networktests.py", line 21, in setUp
admin = User.objects.create(username="admin1", password="1")
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbmodelsmanager.py", line 85, in manager_method
return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbmodelsquery.py", line 447, in create
obj.save(force_insert=True, using=self.db)
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangocontribauthbase_user.py", line 67, in save
super().save(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbmodelsbase.py", line 754, in save
force_update=force_update, update_fields=update_fields)
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbmodelsbase.py", line 792, in save_base
force_update, using, update_fields,
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbmodelsbase.py", line 895, in _save_table
results = self._do_insert(cls._base_manager, using, fields, returning_fields, raw)
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbmodelsbase.py", line 935, in _do_insert
using=using, raw=raw,
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbmodelsmanager.py", line 85, in manager_method
return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbmodelsquery.py", line 1254, in _insert
return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(returning_fields)
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbmodelssqlcompiler.py", line 1397, in execute_sql
cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendsutils.py", line 66, in execute
return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendsutils.py", line 75, in _execute_with_wrappers
return executor(sql, params, many, context)
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendsutils.py", line 84, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbutils.py", line 90, in __exit__
raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendsutils.py", line 84, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:UsersHL94NVTProgrammingweb_developmentenv_weblibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendssqlite3base.py", line 413, in execute
return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)
django.db.utils.IntegrityError: UNIQUE constraint failed: network_user.username
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 2 tests in 0.063s
根据文档使用django.test.TestCase而不是unittest.TestCase有帮助https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/testing/overview/
如果您的测试依赖于数据库访问，例如创建或查询模型，请确保将测试类创建为django.test.TestCase的子类，而不是unittest。测试用例。
使用unittest。TestCase避免了在事务中运行每个测试和刷新数据库的成本，但如果测试与数据库交互，它们的行为将根据测试运行者执行它们的顺序而变化。这可能导致单元测试在隔离运行时通过，但在套件中运行时失败。