r-为什么编织者被一根原本可以正常工作的管子呛到了

Question

我有一个RMarkdown脚本，如果我手动运行块，无论是一次运行一个，还是使用"全部运行"；。但当我尝试使用knitr生成HTML或PDF时，我会遇到一个错误：Error in select(responses, starts_with("Q1 ") & !contains("None")) %>% : could not find function "%>%"

实际整行显示：

cols <- select(responses, starts_with("Q1 ") & !contains("None") ) %>% colnames()

我正在处理一项调查的数据，其中有很多问题是"；选择尽可能多的"应用"；键入问题，并有一个开放式的"；以上"；选项在这一点上，我正是抽出我想要的列(所有Q1响应，但不是Q10或Q11响应，也不是开放式响应(，这样我就可以使用pivot_longer()并总结响应。它在脚本中工作得很好：我得到了一个我想要的确切列名的列表，然后计算值。

但当我尝试使用knitr()时，它在%>%上会出现问题。

processing file: 02_Survey2020_report.Rmd
|....                                                                  |   6%
ordinary text without R code
|.........                                                             |  12%
label: setup (with options) 
List of 1
$ include: logi FALSE
|.............                                                         |  19%
ordinary text without R code
|..................                                                    |  25%
label: demographics gender
Quitting from lines 28-46 (02_Survey2020_report.Rmd) 
Error in select(responses, starts_with("Q1 ") & !contains("None")) %>%  : 
could not find function "%>%"
Calls: <Anonymous> ... handle -> withCallingHandlers -> withVisible -> eval -> eval
Execution halted

一个简化的可重复的例子得到了相同的结果。我运行以下程序，得到了我所期望的，一个整洁的表格，上面有每个答案的选择次数：

example <- data.frame("id" = c(009,008,007,006,005,004,003,002,001,010), "Q3_Red" = c("","","","Red","","","","Red","Red","Red"), "Q3_Blue" = c("","","","","","Blue","Blue","Blue","",""),
"Q3_Green" = c("","Green","Green","","","","","Green","",""), "Q3_Purple" = c("","Purple","","","Purple","","Purple","","Purple","Purple"), 
"Q3_None of the above" = c(009,008,"Verbose explanation that I don't want to count." ,006,005,004,003,002,"Another verbose entry.",010)
)

cols <- select(example, starts_with("Q3") & !contains("None") ) %>%  colnames()
example %>%
pivot_longer(cols = all_of(cols), 
values_to = "response") %>%  
filter(response != "") %>%   
count(response)

但是，当我使用ctrlshift<kbd&k>

processing file: 00a_reproducible_examples.Rmd
Quitting from lines 9-25 (00a_reproducible_examples.Rmd) 
Error in select(example, starts_with("Q3") & !contains("None")) %>% colnames() : 
could not find function "%>%"
Calls: <Anonymous> ... handle -> withCallingHandlers -> withVisible -> eval -> eval
Execution halted

编织者为什么对烟斗犹豫不决？

Answer 1

最近我遇到了类似的问题。不确定是否有更复杂的解决方案，但在每个代码块中加载库对我来说都很有效。若要显示代码的结果，在没有关于库加载的消息的情况下，添加消息=FALSE。

示例：

```{r, echo=FALSE, message = FALSE}
library(dplyr)
>>your code with dplyr<<
```