创建API视图时，如何访问相关表中除外键以外的另一列?

Question

我使用django为web应用程序，我正在创建REST API视图。是否有一种方法，我可以访问两个表在一个视图?如果没有，如何从相关记录中检索非外键列?下面的代码是基于URL参数检索一个花瓶记录。我想访问存储在艺术家表中的artistName(与花瓶表的一对多)，而不是存储在花瓶中的artist_id

class FilterVases(generics.ListAPIView):
serializer_class = VaseSerializer 
def get_queryset(self):
queryset = Vase.objects.all()
artist_id = self.request.query_params.get('artist_id')
if artist_id is not None:
queryset = queryset.filter(artist_id=artist_id)
vaseID = self.request.query_params.get('vaseID')
if vaseID is not None:
queryset = queryset.filter(vaseID=vaseID)
return queryset 

编辑添加这是艺术家和花瓶的模型:

class Artist(models.Model) :
artistID = models.CharField(max_length=10)
artistName = models.CharField(max_length=100)

class Vase(models.Model):
vaseID = models.CharField(max_length=10) 
vaseRef = models.CharField(max_length=255,blank=True,null=True)
inscription = models.CharField(max_length=255,blank=True,null=True)
fabric = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True,null=True)
subject = models.CharField(max_length=255,blank=True,null=True)
technique = models.CharField(max_length=100,blank=True,null=True)
height = models.FloatField(max_length=100,blank=True,null=True)
diameter = models.FloatField(max_length=100,blank=True,null=True) 
shape = models.ForeignKey(Shape, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
artist = models.ForeignKey(Artist, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
provenance = models.ForeignKey(Provenance, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
collection = models.ForeignKey(Collection, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

Answer 1

在花瓶模型中添加:

def artist_name(self):
return self.artist.artistName

因此，它看起来像:

class Vase(models.Model):
vaseID = models.CharField(max_length=10) 
vaseRef = models.CharField(max_length=255,blank=True,null=True)
inscription = models.CharField(max_length=255,blank=True,null=True)
fabric = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True,null=True)
subject = models.CharField(max_length=255,blank=True,null=True)
technique = models.CharField(max_length=100,blank=True,null=True)
height = models.FloatField(max_length=100,blank=True,null=True)
diameter = models.FloatField(max_length=100,blank=True,null=True) 
shape = models.ForeignKey(Shape, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
artist = models.ForeignKey(Artist, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
provenance = models.ForeignKey(Provenance, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
collection = models.ForeignKey(Collection, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
def artist_name(self):
return self.artist.artistName

在VaseSerializer中添加'artist_name'字段到Meta。

如果你想将这些自定义字段添加到所有的花瓶模型字段中，请参考Django Rest框架，如何包含'__all__'字段和ModelSerializer中的相关字段?

class VaseSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.Vase
fields = '__all__'
extra_fields = ['artist_name']
def get_field_names(self, declared_fields, info):
expanded_fields = super(VaseSerializer, self).get_field_names(
declared_fields, info)
if getattr(self.Meta, 'extra_fields', None):
return expanded_fields + self.Meta.extra_fields
else:
return expanded_fields

下面是你的观点:

class FilterVases(generics.ListAPIView):
serializer_class = VaseSerializer 
def get_queryset(self):
queryset = Vase.objects.all()
query_artist = self.request.query_params.get('artist_name')
if query_artist is not None:
try:
artist = Artist.objects.get(artistName=query_artist)
queryset = queryset.filter(artist=artist)
except:
pass
vaseID = self.request.query_params.get('vaseID')
if vaseID is not None:
queryset = queryset.filter(vaseID=vaseID)
return queryset