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如何使用Libxml2从XML中解析数据?LINUX+C代码



使用libxml2读取xml文件

我想解析XML文件中的所有数据并存储在结构中，这样我就可以在应用程序中使用我想要的数据。我使用Libxml2库来解析数据，这是从xml文件中获取数据的最简单的代码。

  • OS->Ubuntu LINUX
  • 郎->转交++
  • XML文件：-(用于理解的原始XML文件(

tmp.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="windows-1252"?>
<firewall-rules>
<rule name="Telnet &amp; Secure Shell" active="0" action="1" protocol="3" interface="0" enable-process-icmp="0" enable-trusted-mac="0" enable-log="0">
<ip-source-address type="4" address-1="0.0.0.0" address-2="0.0.0.0"/>
<ip-source-port type="0" count="0"/>
<ip-destination-address type="3" address-1="0.0.0.0" address-2="0.0.0.0"/>
<ip-destination-port type="3" count="2">
<port>22</port>
<port>23</port>
</ip-destination-port>
<process-icmp>
<destination-unreachableI>False</destination-unreachableI>
<echo-replyI>False</echo-replyI>
<echo-requestI>False</echo-requestI>
<information-replyI>False</information-replyI>
<information-requestI>False</information-requestI>
<parameter-problemI>False</parameter-problemI>
<redirectI>False</redirectI>
<source-quenchI>False</source-quenchI>
<ttl-expiredI>False</ttl-expiredI>
<destination-unreachableO>False</destination-unreachableO>
<echo-replyO>False</echo-replyO>
<echo-requestO>False</echo-requestO>
<information-replyO>False</information-replyO>
<information-requestO>False</information-requestO>
<parameter-problemO>False</parameter-problemO>
<redirectO>False</redirectO>
<source-quenchO>False</source-quenchO>
<ttl-expiredO>False</ttl-expiredO>
</process-icmp>
</rule>
</firewall-rules>
  1. 您需要在系统中安装libxml2库

sudo apt install libxml2 dev

代码->main.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <libxml/parser.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
struct xmlRuleData{
char rule_name[200], rule_active[5], rule_action[5], rule_protocol[5], rule_interface[5], rule_enableProcessIcmp[5], rule_enableTrustedMac[200], rule_enableLog[200];
char ipSourceAddress_type[5], ipSourceAddress_address1[200], ipSourceAddress_address2[200];
char ipSourcePort_type[5], ipSourcePort_count[5];
char ipDestinationAddress_type[5], ipDestinationAddress_address1[200], ipDestinationAddress_address2[200];
char ipDestinationPort_type[5], ipDestinationPort_count[5], ipDestinationPort_port[1024];
char processIcmp_destinationUnreachableI[10], processIcmp_echoReplyI[10], processIcmp_echoRequestI[10], processIcmp_informationReplyI[10], processIcmp_informationRequestI[10], processIcmp_parameterProblemI[10], processIcmp_redirectI[10], processIcmp_sourceQuenchI[10], processIcmp_ttlExpiredI[10], processIcmp_destinationUnreachableO[10], processIcmp_echoReplyO[10], processIcmp_echoRequestO[10], processIcmp_informationReplyO[10], processIcmp_informationRequestO[10], processIcmp_parameterProblemO[10], processIcmp_redirectO[10], processIcmp_sourceQuenchO[10], processIcmp_ttlExpiredO[10];
}obj;
char *fileName = "/home/tmp.xml"; // path of xml file
char subAtt[19][1024]={"destination-unreachableI","echo-replyI","echo-requestI","information-replyI","information-requestI","parameter-problemI","redirectI","source-quenchI","ttl-expiredI","destination-unreachableO","echo-replyO","echo-requestO","information-replyO","information-requestO","parameter-problemO","redirectO","source-quenchO","ttl-expiredO","port"};
char ruleAttribute [8][1024]={"name","active","action","protocol","interface","enable-process-icmp","enable-trusted-mac","enable-log"};
char ipLeafAttributes[4][1024]={"type","address-1","address-2","count"};
void freeStructData(){
bzero(obj.processIcmp_echoReplyI ,sizeof(obj.processIcmp_echoReplyI ));
bzero(obj.processIcmp_destinationUnreachableI ,sizeof(obj.processIcmp_destinationUnreachableI ));
bzero(obj.ipDestinationPort_port ,sizeof(obj.ipDestinationPort_port ));
bzero(obj.ipDestinationPort_count ,sizeof(obj.ipDestinationPort_count ));
bzero(obj.ipDestinationPort_type ,sizeof(obj.ipDestinationPort_type ));
bzero(obj.ipDestinationAddress_address2 ,sizeof(obj.ipDestinationAddress_address2 ));
bzero(obj.ipDestinationAddress_address1 ,sizeof(obj.ipDestinationAddress_address1 ));
bzero(obj.ipDestinationAddress_type ,sizeof(obj.ipDestinationAddress_type ));
bzero(obj.ipSourcePort_count ,sizeof(obj.ipSourcePort_count ));
bzero(obj.ipSourcePort_type ,sizeof(obj.ipSourcePort_type ));
bzero(obj.ipSourceAddress_address2 ,sizeof(obj.ipSourceAddress_address2 ));
bzero(obj.ipSourceAddress_address1 ,sizeof(obj.ipSourceAddress_address1 ));
bzero(obj.ipSourceAddress_type ,sizeof(obj.ipSourceAddress_type ));
bzero(obj.rule_enableLog ,sizeof(obj.rule_enableLog ));
bzero(obj.rule_enableTrustedMac ,sizeof(obj.rule_enableTrustedMac ));
bzero(obj.rule_enableProcessIcmp ,sizeof(obj.rule_enableProcessIcmp ));
bzero(obj.rule_interface ,sizeof(obj.rule_interface ));
bzero(obj.rule_protocol ,sizeof(obj.rule_protocol ));
bzero(obj.rule_action ,sizeof( obj.rule_action));
bzero(obj.rule_active ,sizeof(obj.rule_active ));
bzero(obj.rule_name ,sizeof(obj.rule_name ));
bzero( obj.processIcmp_echoRequestI,sizeof( obj.processIcmp_echoRequestI));
bzero( obj.processIcmp_informationReplyI,sizeof( obj.processIcmp_informationReplyI));
bzero( obj.processIcmp_informationRequestI,sizeof( obj.processIcmp_informationRequestI));
bzero( obj.processIcmp_parameterProblemI,sizeof( obj.processIcmp_parameterProblemI));
bzero( obj.processIcmp_redirectI,sizeof( obj.processIcmp_redirectI));
bzero( obj.processIcmp_sourceQuenchI,sizeof( obj.processIcmp_sourceQuenchI));
bzero( obj.processIcmp_ttlExpiredI,sizeof( obj.processIcmp_ttlExpiredI));
bzero( obj.processIcmp_destinationUnreachableO,sizeof( obj.processIcmp_destinationUnreachableO));
bzero( obj.processIcmp_echoReplyO,sizeof( obj.processIcmp_echoReplyO));
bzero( obj.processIcmp_echoRequestO,sizeof( obj.processIcmp_echoRequestO));
bzero( obj.processIcmp_informationReplyO,sizeof( obj.processIcmp_informationReplyO));
bzero( obj.processIcmp_informationRequestO,sizeof( obj.processIcmp_informationRequestO));
bzero( obj.processIcmp_parameterProblemO,sizeof( obj.processIcmp_parameterProblemO));
bzero( obj.processIcmp_redirectO,sizeof( obj.processIcmp_redirectO));
bzero( obj.processIcmp_sourceQuenchO,sizeof( obj.processIcmp_sourceQuenchO));
bzero(obj.processIcmp_ttlExpiredO ,sizeof(obj.processIcmp_ttlExpiredO ));
}

int is_leaf(xmlNode * node){
xmlNode * child = node->children;
while(child){
if(child->type == XML_ELEMENT_NODE) return 0;
child = child->next;
}
return 1;
}
void insertIntoStruct(xmlChar * str, xmlNode * node, char *attName){
struct xmlRuleData *ptr = &obj;
if ((!xmlStrcmp(node->name, (const xmlChar *)"rule"))) {
if(strcmp(attName, "name") == 0){
strcpy(((ptr)->rule_name), str);
}else if(strcmp(attName, "active") == 0){
strcpy(((ptr)->rule_active), str);
}else if(strcmp(attName, "action") == 0){
strcpy(((ptr)->rule_action), str);
}else if(strcmp(attName, "protocol") == 0){
strcpy(((ptr)->rule_protocol), str);
}else if(strcmp(attName, "interface") == 0){
strcpy(((ptr)->rule_interface), str);
}else if(strcmp(attName, "enable-process-icmp") == 0){
strcpy(((ptr)->rule_enableProcessIcmp), str);
}else if(strcmp(attName, "enable-trusted-mac") == 0){
strcpy(((ptr)->rule_enableTrustedMac), str);
}else if(strcmp(attName, "enable-log") == 0){
strcpy(((ptr)->rule_enableLog), str);
}
}else if ((!xmlStrcmp(node->name, (const xmlChar *)"ip-source-address"))) {
if(strcmp(attName, "type") == 0){
strcpy(((ptr)->ipSourceAddress_type), str);
}else if(strcmp(attName, "address-1") == 0){
strcpy(((ptr)->ipSourceAddress_address1), str);
}else if(strcmp(attName, "address-2") == 0){
strcpy(((ptr)->ipSourceAddress_address2), str);
}
}else if ((!xmlStrcmp(node->name, (const xmlChar *)"ip-source-port"))) {
if(strcmp(attName, "type") == 0){
strcpy(((ptr)->ipSourcePort_type), str);
}else if(strcmp(attName, "count") == 0){
strcpy(((ptr)->ipSourcePort_count), str);
}
}else if ((!xmlStrcmp(node->name, (const xmlChar *)"ip-destination-address"))) {
if(strcmp(attName, "type") == 0){
strcpy(((ptr)->ipDestinationAddress_type), str);
}else if(strcmp(attName, "address-1") == 0){
strcpy(((ptr)->ipDestinationAddress_address1), str);
}else if(strcmp(attName, "address-2") == 0){
strcpy(((ptr)->ipDestinationAddress_address2), str);
}
}else if ((!xmlStrcmp(node->name, (const xmlChar *)"ip-destination-port"))) {
if(strcmp(attName, "type") == 0){
strcpy(((ptr)->ipDestinationPort_type), str);
}else if(strcmp(attName, "count") == 0){
strcpy(((ptr)->ipDestinationPort_count), str);
}
}else if ((!xmlStrcmp(node->name, (const xmlChar *)"port"))) {
strcat(((ptr)->ipDestinationPort_port), str);
strcat(((ptr)->ipDestinationPort_port), ", ");
}else if ((!xmlStrcmp(node->name, (const xmlChar *)"destination-unreachableI"))) {
strcpy(((ptr)->processIcmp_destinationUnreachableI), str);
}else if ((!xmlStrcmp(node->name, (const xmlChar *)"echo-replyI"))) {
strcpy(((ptr)->processIcmp_echoReplyI), str);
}else if ((!xmlStrcmp(node->name, (const xmlChar *)"echo-requestI"))) {
strcpy(((ptr)->processIcmp_echoRequestI), str);
}else if ((!xmlStrcmp(node->name, (const xmlChar *)"information-replyI"))) {
strcpy(((ptr)->processIcmp_informationReplyI), str);
}else if ((!xmlStrcmp(node->name, (const xmlChar *)"information-requestI"))) {
strcpy(((ptr)->processIcmp_informationRequestI), str);
}else if ((!xmlStrcmp(node->name, (const xmlChar *)"parameter-problemI"))) {
strcpy(((ptr)->processIcmp_parameterProblemI), str);
}else if ((!xmlStrcmp(node->name, (const xmlChar *)"redirectI"))) {
strcpy(((ptr)->processIcmp_redirectI), str);
}else if ((!xmlStrcmp(node->name, (const xmlChar *)"source-quenchI"))) {
strcpy(((ptr)->processIcmp_sourceQuenchI), str);
}else if ((!xmlStrcmp(node->name, (const xmlChar *)"ttl-expiredI"))) {
strcpy(((ptr)->processIcmp_ttlExpiredI), str);
}else if ((!xmlStrcmp(node->name, (const xmlChar *)"destination-unreachableO"))) {
strcpy(((ptr)->processIcmp_destinationUnreachableO), str);
}else if ((!xmlStrcmp(node->name, (const xmlChar *)"echo-replyO"))) {
strcpy(((ptr)->processIcmp_echoReplyO), str);
}else if ((!xmlStrcmp(node->name, (const xmlChar *)"echo-requestO"))) {
strcpy(((ptr)->processIcmp_echoRequestO), str);
}else if ((!xmlStrcmp(node->name, (const xmlChar *)"information-replyO"))) {
strcpy(((ptr)->processIcmp_informationReplyO), str);
}else if ((!xmlStrcmp(node->name, (const xmlChar *)"information-requestO"))) {
strcpy(((ptr)->processIcmp_informationRequestO), str);
}else if ((!xmlStrcmp(node->name, (const xmlChar *)"parameter-problemO"))) {
strcpy(((ptr)->processIcmp_parameterProblemO), str);
}else if ((!xmlStrcmp(node->name, (const xmlChar *)"redirectO"))) {
strcpy(((ptr)->processIcmp_redirectO), str);
}else if ((!xmlStrcmp(node->name, (const xmlChar *)"source-quenchO"))) {
strcpy(((ptr)->processIcmp_sourceQuenchO), str);
}else if ((!xmlStrcmp(node->name, (const xmlChar *)"ttl-expiredO"))) {
strcpy(((ptr)->processIcmp_ttlExpiredO), str);
}
ptr = NULL;
free(ptr);
}
void printStruct(){
printf("nrule_name->> %s", obj.rule_name);
printf("nrule_active -->> %s",obj.rule_active);
printf("nrule_action -->> %s",obj.rule_action);
printf("nrule_action -->> %s",obj.rule_action);
printf("nrule_protocol -->> %s",obj.rule_protocol);
printf("nrule_interface -->> %s",obj.rule_interface);
printf("nrule_enableProcessIcmp -->> %s",obj.rule_enableProcessIcmp);
printf("nrule_enableTrustedMac -->> %s",obj.rule_enableTrustedMac);
printf("nrule_enableLog -->> %s",obj.rule_enableLog);
printf("nipSourceAddress_type -->> %s",obj.ipSourceAddress_type);
printf("nipSourceAddress_address1 -->> %s",obj.ipSourceAddress_address1);
printf("nipSourceAddress_address2 -->> %s",obj.ipSourceAddress_address2);
printf("nipSourcePort_type-->> %s",obj.ipSourcePort_type);
printf("nipSourcePort_count-->> %s",obj.ipSourcePort_count);
printf("nipDestinationAddress_type-->> %s",obj.ipDestinationAddress_type);
printf("nipDestinationAddress_address1-->> %s",obj. ipDestinationAddress_address1);
printf("nipDestinationAddress_address2-->> %s",obj.ipDestinationAddress_address2);
printf("nipDestinationPort_type -->> %s",obj.ipDestinationPort_type);
printf("nipDestinationPort_count -->> %s",obj.ipDestinationPort_count);
printf("nipDestinationPort_port -->> %s",obj.ipDestinationPort_port);
printf("nprocessIcmp_destinationUnreachableI -->> %s",obj.processIcmp_destinationUnreachableI);
printf("nprocessIcmp_echoReplyI -->> %s",obj.processIcmp_echoReplyI);
printf("nprocessIcmp_echoRequestI -->> %s",obj.processIcmp_echoRequestI);
printf("nprocessIcmp_informationReplyI -->> %s",obj.processIcmp_informationReplyI);
printf("nprocessIcmp_informationRequestI-->> %s",obj.processIcmp_informationRequestI);
printf("nprocessIcmp_parameterProblemI -->> %s",obj.processIcmp_parameterProblemI);
printf("nprocessIcmp_redirectI -->> %s",obj.processIcmp_redirectI);
printf("nprocessIcmp_sourceQuenchI -->> %s",obj.processIcmp_sourceQuenchI);
printf("nprocessIcmp_ttlExpiredI -->> %s",obj.processIcmp_ttlExpiredI);
printf("nprocessIcmp_destinationUnreachableO -->> %s",obj.processIcmp_destinationUnreachableO);
printf("nprocessIcmp_echoReplyO -->> %s",obj.processIcmp_echoReplyO);
printf("nprocessIcmp_echoRequestO -->> %s",obj.processIcmp_echoRequestO);
printf("nprocessIcmp_informationReplyO-->> %s",obj.processIcmp_informationReplyO);
printf("nprocessIcmp_informationRequestO -->> %s",obj.processIcmp_informationRequestO);
printf("nprocessIcmp_parameterProblemO -->> %s",obj.processIcmp_parameterProblemO);
printf("nprocessIcmp_redirectO -->> %s",obj.processIcmp_redirectO);
printf("nprocessIcmp_sourceQuenchO -->> %s",obj.processIcmp_sourceQuenchO);
printf("nprocessIcmp_ttlExpiredO -->> %s",obj.processIcmp_ttlExpiredO);
}
void print_xml(xmlNode * node){
xmlChar *uri, *tmp, *key;
xmlNode *cur;
xmlDocPtr doc = xmlParseFile(fileName);
while(node){
if(node->type == XML_ELEMENT_NODE){
if(is_leaf(node) == 1){
struct xmlRuleData *objPtr = &obj;
xmlNodeGetContent(node);
tmp = xmlGetProp(node, "firewall-rules");
for(int j=0; j<4; j++){
if((xmlGetProp(node, ipLeafAttributes[j])) != NULL){
uri = xmlGetProp(node, ipLeafAttributes[j]);
insertIntoStruct(uri, node, ipLeafAttributes[j]);
xmlFree(tmp);
}
}
for(int i=0; i<19; i++){
if ((!xmlStrcmp(node->name, (const xmlChar *)subAtt[i]))) {
key = xmlNodeListGetString(doc, node->xmlChildrenNode, 1);
insertIntoStruct(key, node, subAtt[i]);
xmlFree(key);
}
}
}else{
tmp = xmlGetProp(node, "firewall-rules");
if ((!xmlStrcmp(node->name, (const xmlChar *)"rule"))) {
printf("n <Start of the rule> n");
struct xmlRuleData *objPtr = &obj;
for(int j=0; j<8; j++){
uri = xmlGetProp(node, ruleAttribute[j]);
insertIntoStruct(uri, node, ruleAttribute[j]);
xmlFree(tmp);
}
}
if ((!xmlStrcmp(node->name, (const xmlChar *)"ip-destination-port"))) {
struct xmlRuleData *objPtr = &obj;
for(int j=0; j<4; j++){
if((xmlGetProp(node, ipLeafAttributes[j])) != NULL){
uri = xmlGetProp(node, ipLeafAttributes[j]);
insertIntoStruct(uri, node, ipLeafAttributes[j]);
xmlFree(tmp);
}
}
}
}
}
if ((!xmlStrcmp(node->name, (const xmlChar *)"ttl-expiredO"))) {
printStruct();          
freeStructData();
printf("n <End of the rule> n");
}
print_xml(node->children);
node = node->next;
}
}
int main(){
xmlDoc *doc = NULL;
xmlNode *root_element = NULL;
doc = xmlReadFile(fileName, NULL, 0);
if (doc == NULL) {
printf("Could not parse the XML file");
}
root_element = xmlDocGetRootElement(doc);
print_xml(root_element);
xmlFreeDoc(doc);
xmlCleanupParser();
}
  • 命令

gcc tmp.c-I/usr/include/libxml2-lxml2-o tmp

  • 输出
<Start of the rule> 
rule_name->> Telnet & Secure Shell
rule_active -->> 0
rule_action -->> 1
rule_action -->> 1
rule_protocol -->> 3
rule_interface -->> 0
rule_enableProcessIcmp -->> 0
rule_enableTrustedMac -->> 0
rule_enableLog -->> 0
ipSourceAddress_type -->> 4
ipSourceAddress_address1 -->> 0.0.0.0
ipSourceAddress_address2 -->> 0.0.0.0
ipSourcePort_type-->> 0
ipSourcePort_count-->> 0
ipDestinationAddress_type-->> 3
ipDestinationAddress_address1-->> 0.0.0.0
ipDestinationAddress_address2-->> 0.0.0.0
ipDestinationPort_type -->> 3
ipDestinationPort_count -->> 2
ipDestinationPort_port -->> 22, 23, 
processIcmp_destinationUnreachableI -->> False
processIcmp_echoReplyI -->> False
processIcmp_echoRequestI -->> False
processIcmp_informationReplyI -->> False
processIcmp_informationRequestI-->> False
processIcmp_parameterProblemI -->> False
processIcmp_redirectI -->> False
processIcmp_sourceQuenchI -->> False
processIcmp_ttlExpiredI -->> False
processIcmp_destinationUnreachableO -->> False
processIcmp_echoReplyO -->> False
processIcmp_echoRequestO -->> False
processIcmp_informationReplyO-->> False
processIcmp_informationRequestO -->> False
processIcmp_parameterProblemO -->> False
processIcmp_redirectO -->> False
processIcmp_sourceQuenchO -->> False
processIcmp_ttlExpiredO -->> False
<End of the rule>

这就是使用libxml2解析器从xml文件中读取xml数据并存储到strucutre中的方法，为了进一步使用此结构数据，您可以将结构对象地址传递给任何函数

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