如何最有效地获取外键信息(包括更新/删除规则(?
最明显的方法是使用如下查询:
SELECT
`RC` . `CONSTRAINT_CATALOG` AS `fkCatalog` ,
`RC` . `CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA` AS `fkSchema` ,
`RC` . `CONSTRAINT_NAME` AS `fkName` ,
`RC` . `UPDATE_RULE` AS `onUpdate` ,
`RC` . `DELETE_RULE` AS `onDelete` ,
`RC` . `TABLE_NAME` AS `fkTable` ,
`RC` . `REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME` AS `refTable` ,
`KCU` . `COLUMN_NAME` AS `fkColumn` ,
`KCU` . `REFERENCED_COLUMN_NAME` AS `refColumn` ,
`KCU` . `ORDINAL_POSITION` AS `fkOrdinal`
FROM
`INFORMATION_SCHEMA` . `REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS` AS `RC`
INNER JOIN `INFORMATION_SCHEMA` . `KEY_COLUMN_USAGE` AS `KCU`
ON
`KCU` . `CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA` = `RC` . `CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA` AND
`KCU` . `CONSTRAINT_NAME` = `RC` . `CONSTRAINT_NAME`
WHERE
`RC` . `CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA` = ? AND
`RC` . `TABLE_NAME` = ?
ORDER BY
`RC` . `REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME` , `KCU` . `ORDINAL_POSITION`
例如,请参阅中的答案:
如何查找所有具有引用特定table.column的外键并具有这些外键值的表?
https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/102371/how-to-check-foreign-keys-related-to-a-table
如何查找所有具有引用特定table.column的外键并具有这些外键值的表?
但在一个中等大小的数据库中(总大小约为20GB,20个数据库之间有1000-10000个表(,这可能需要几秒钟的时间(在我的系统上,每次查询几乎需要3秒钟(。
有没有更有效的方法来取它们?
注意:我使用的是MySQL 5.7。
一个解决方案最终是显式引用联接两侧的表和模式。我知道information_schema表(尤其是在MySQL<8.0中(不是典型意义上的表,所以我想它们有时不能有效地进行联接。
我首先尝试颠倒连接顺序,但没有帮助,或者将where放在key_column_usage表上,也没有帮助。不过,在联接的两侧显式地引用模式和表确实起到了作用。
在任何情况下,以下查询平均耗时1-2ms,而上述查询平均耗时不到3秒(从performance_schema的1000个左右查询中得出的数字(。
SELECT
`RC` . `CONSTRAINT_CATALOG` AS `fkCatalog` ,
`RC` . `CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA` AS `fkSchema` ,
`RC` . `CONSTRAINT_NAME` AS `fkName` ,
`RC` . `UPDATE_RULE` AS `onUpdate` ,
`RC` . `DELETE_RULE` AS `onDelete` ,
`RC` . `TABLE_NAME` AS `fkTable` ,
`RC` . `REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME` AS `refTable` ,
`KCU` . `COLUMN_NAME` AS `fkColumn` ,
`KCU` . `REFERENCED_COLUMN_NAME` AS `refColumn` ,
`KCU` . `ORDINAL_POSITION` AS `fkOrdinal`
FROM
`INFORMATION_SCHEMA` . `KEY_COLUMN_USAGE` AS `KCU`
INNER JOIN
`INFORMATION_SCHEMA` . `REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS` AS `RC`
ON
`KCU` . `CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA` = `RC` . `CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA` AND
`KCU` . `CONSTRAINT_NAME` = `RC` . `CONSTRAINT_NAME`
WHERE
`KCU` . `TABLE_SCHEMA` = ? AND -- The addition of this and the next row are the only real difference.
`KCU` . `TABLE_NAME` = ? AND
`RC` . `CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA` = ? AND
`RC` . `TABLE_NAME` = ?
ORDER BY
`KCU` . `REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME` , `KCU` . `ORDINAL_POSITION`
这将为您提供有关外键的所有信息
还有更多的信息,leke-referenced列和refencd表
SELECT
TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_NAME, CONSTRAINT_NAME
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
WHERE REFERENCED_TABLE_SCHEMA IS NOT NULL;
此外,在mysql5.7中还有这个选项,但只适用于innodb表
SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN
这给你一个类型
TYPE位标志的集合,包含有关外键列的信息,一起进行OR运算。1=在删除级联上,2=在更新集NULL上,4=在更新级联上,8=在更新集合NULL上,16=在删除无操作上,32=在更新无操作上。
http://mysql.babo.ist/#/en/innodb-sys-foreign-table.html