我目前正在开发我的flask应用程序，这是一个面向大四学生的图书库应用程序，他们可以在这里为其他学生上传他们的大四项目和其他相关书籍，所以我在设置数据库时在这里遇到了这个错误消息。我是编程新手，这是我的第一个项目。
v) C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhub>python
Python 3.8.3 (tags/v3.8.3:6f8c832, May 13 2020, 22:20:19) [MSC v.1925 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from eduhub import db
C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagesflask_sqlalchemy__init__.py:833: FSADeprecationWarning: SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS
adds significant overhead and will be disabled by default in the future. Set it to True or False to suppress this warning.
warnings.warn(FSADeprecationWarning(
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubeduhub.py", line 58, in <module>
class Project(db.Model):
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagesflask_sqlalchemymodel.py", line 67, in __init__
super(NameMetaMixin, cls).__init__(name, bases, d)
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagesflask_sqlalchemymodel.py", line 121, in __init__
super(BindMetaMixin, cls).__init__(name, bases, d)
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemyextdeclarativeapi.py", line 76, in __init__
_as_declarative(cls, classname, cls.__dict__)
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemyextdeclarativebase.py", line 131, in _as_declarative
_MapperConfig.setup_mapping(cls, classname, dict_)
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemyextdeclarativebase.py", line 160, in setup_mapping
cfg_cls(cls_, classname, dict_)
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemyextdeclarativebase.py", line 190, in __init__
self._setup_table()
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemyextdeclarativebase.py", line 534, in _setup_table
cls.__table__ = table = table_cls(
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagesflask_sqlalchemymodel.py", line 99, in __table_cls__
return sa.Table(*args, **kwargs)
File "<string>", line 2, in __new__
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemyutildeprecations.py", line 139, in warned
return fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemysqlschema.py", line 560, in __new__
metadata._remove_table(name, schema)
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemyutillanghelpers.py", line 68, in __exit__
compat.raise_(
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemyutilcompat.py", line 182, in raise_
raise exception
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemysqlschema.py", line 555, in __new__
table._init(name, metadata, *args, **kw)
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemysqlschema.py", line 654, in _init
self._init_items(*args)
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemysqlschema.py", line 118, in _init_items
spwd(self)
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemysqlbase.py", line 464, in _set_parent_with_dispatch
self.dispatch.after_parent_attach(self, parent)
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemyeventattr.py", line 322, in __call__
fn(*args, **kw)
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemysqlschema.py", line 2199, in _set_table
self.constraint = ForeignKeyConstraint(
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemysqlschema.py", line 3324, in __init__
Constraint.__init__(
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemysqlschema.py", line 2890, in __init__
self._validate_dialect_kwargs(dialect_kw)
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemysqlbase.py", line 290, in _validate_dialect_kwargs
raise TypeError(
TypeError: Additional arguments should be named <dialectname>_<argument>, got 'nullable'
>>> from eduhub import db
C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagesflask_sqlalchemy__init__.py:833: FSADeprecationWarning: SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS
adds significant overhead and will be disabled by default in the future. Set it to True or False to suppress this warning.
warnings.warn(FSADeprecationWarning(
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubeduhub.py", line 63, in <module>
class Book(db.Model):
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagesflask_sqlalchemymodel.py", line 67, in __init__
super(NameMetaMixin, cls).__init__(name, bases, d)
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagesflask_sqlalchemymodel.py", line 121, in __init__
super(BindMetaMixin, cls).__init__(name, bases, d)
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemyextdeclarativeapi.py", line 76, in __init__
_as_declarative(cls, classname, cls.__dict__)
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemyextdeclarativebase.py", line 131, in _as_declarative
_MapperConfig.setup_mapping(cls, classname, dict_)
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemyextdeclarativebase.py", line 160, in setup_mapping
cfg_cls(cls_, classname, dict_)
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemyextdeclarativebase.py", line 190, in __init__
self._setup_table()
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemyextdeclarativebase.py", line 534, in _setup_table
cls.__table__ = table = table_cls(
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagesflask_sqlalchemymodel.py", line 99, in __table_cls__
return sa.Table(*args, **kwargs)
File "<string>", line 2, in __new__
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemyutildeprecations.py", line 139, in warned
return fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemysqlschema.py", line 560, in __new__
metadata._remove_table(name, schema)
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemyutillanghelpers.py", line 68, in __exit__
compat.raise_(
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemyutilcompat.py", line 182, in raise_
raise exception
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemysqlschema.py", line 555, in __new__
table._init(name, metadata, *args, **kw)
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemysqlschema.py", line 654, in _init
self._init_items(*args)
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemysqlschema.py", line 118, in _init_items
spwd(self)
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemysqlbase.py", line 464, in _set_parent_with_dispatch
self.dispatch.after_parent_attach(self, parent)
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemyeventattr.py", line 322, in __call__
fn(*args, **kw)
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemysqlschema.py", line 2199, in _set_table
self.constraint = ForeignKeyConstraint(
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemysqlschema.py", line 3324, in __init__
Constraint.__init__(
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemysqlschema.py", line 2890, in __init__
self._validate_dialect_kwargs(dialect_kw)
File "C:UsersUSERDesktopeducationhubvenvlibsite-packagessqlalchemysqlbase.py", line 290, in _validate_dialect_kwargs
raise TypeError(
TypeError: Additional arguments should be named <dialectname>_<argument>, got 'nullable'
>>> `
My code
from datetime import datetime
from flask import Flask, render_template, url_for, flash, redirect
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from forms import RegistrationForm, LoginForm
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config["SECRET_KEY"] = ""
app.config["SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI"] = 'sqlite:///site.db'
db = SQLAlchemy(app)
#Users Details
class Users(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, nullable=False)
fname = db.Column(db.String(60), nullable=False)
lname = db.Column(db.String(60), nullable=False)
username = db.Column(db.String(60), unique=True, nullable=False)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True, nullable=False)
password = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable=False)
education = db.relationship('Education', backref='author')
book_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('book_id'), nullable=False)
books = db.relationship('Book', backref='author', lazy=True)
project_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('project_id'), nullable=False)
projects = db.relationship('Project', backref='author', lazy=True)
#Upload Books/Projects
uploaded_books = db.Column(db.String(120), nullable=False)
downloaded_books = db.Column(db.String(120), nullable=False)
uploaded_projects = db.Column(db.String(120), nullable=False)
downloaded_books = db.Column(db.String(120), nullable=False)
#Users Personal Details
aboutme = db.Column(db.String(450), nullable=False, default="No Description")
phone = db.Column(db.Numeric(20, 0), nullable=False, default="00000000000")
location = db.Column(db.String(60), nullable=False, default="Unknown City")
# User Image Filename
image_file = db.Column(db.String(120), nullable=False, default="default.jpg")
def __repr__(self):
return f""""Users
'{self.fname}',
'{self.lname}',
'{self.username}',
'{self.email}',
'{self.uploaded_books}',
'{self.downloaded_books}',
'{self.uploaded_projects}',
'{self.downloaded_projects}',
'{self.image_file}'"""
#Educational Books
class Book(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, nullable=False)
book_title = db.Column(db.String(120), nullable=False)
author = db.Column(db.String(60), nullable=False, default="Author Name")
isdn = db.Column(db.Numeric(20, 0), unique=True, nullable=False, default="0000000000000")
filename = db.Column(db.String(120), nullable=False, default="default.pdf")
image = db.Column(db.String(120), nullable=False, default="default.jpg")
date_posted = db.Column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.utcnow)
book_description = db.Column(db.String(400), nullable=False, default="About Book")
user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id', nullable=False))
def __repr__(self):
return f"""Book
'{self.book_title}',
'{self.author}',
'{self.isdn}',
'{self.filename}',
'{self.image}',
'{self.date_posted}',
'{self.book_description}'"""
#Final Year Projects
class Project(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, nullable=False)
project_title = db.Column(db.String(60), nullable=False)
project_author = db.Column(db.String(60),nullable=False,default="Written By")
filename = db.Column(db.String(120), nullable=False, default="default.pdf")
date_posted = db.Column(db.DateTime,nullable=False,default=datatime.utcnow)
project_description = db.Column(db.String(400),nullable=False,default="About Project")
user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id', nullable=False))
def __repr__(self):
return f"""Project
'{self.project_title}',
'{self.project_author}',
'{self.filename}',
'{self.date_posted},'
'{self.project_description}'"""
#Edcational Qualification
class Education(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, nullable=False)
school = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable=True)
institution = db.Column(db.String(120),nullable=False,default="University")
course = db.Column(db.String(60), nullable=False, default="Economics")
fromDate = db.Column(db.String(5), nullable=True)
toDate = db.Column(db.Numeric(5, 0), nullable=True)
description = db.Column(db.String(160), nullable=True)
user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id', nullable=False))
def __repr__(self):
return f"""Education
'{self.school}',
'{self.institution}',
'{self.course}',
'{self.fromDate}',
'{self.toDate}',
'{self.description}'"""
@app.route("/")
@app.route("/home")
def home():
return render_template("home.html")
@app.route("/about")
def about():
return render_template("about.html")
@app.route("/register", methods=["GET", "POST"])
def register():
form = RegistrationForm()
if form.validate_on_submit():
flash(f"Account created for { form.username.data }!" "success")
return redirect(url_for("home"))
return render_template("register.html", title="Register", form=form)
@app.route("/login", methods=["GET", "POST"])
def login():
form = LoginForm()
if form.validate_on_submit():
if form.email.data == "admin@blog.com" and form.password.data == "password":
flash("You have been logged in!", "success")
return redirect(url_for("home"))
else:
flash("Login Unsucessful. Please Check username and password",
"danger")
return render_template("login.html", title="Login", form=form)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(debug=True)
它们是user_id 中的一个拼写错误
打字
user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id', nullable=False))
校正
user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'), nullable=False)