无法将"wchar_t*"转换为"LPCSTR"{又名"const char*"}

Question

我有一个.cpp文件，它是俄罗斯方块游戏代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <random>
#include <Windows.h>
using namespace std;
const vector<vector<wstring>> tetromino = {
// I
{
L"....XX......XX......XX......XX..", //   0 deg
L"................XXXXXXXX........", //  90 deg
L"..XX......XX......XX......XX....", // 180 deg
L"........XXXXXXXX................"  // 270 deg
},
// J
{
L"....XX......XX....XXXX..........",
L"..........XX......XXXXXX........",
L"..........XXXX....XX......XX....",
L"........XXXXXX......XX.........."
},
// L
{
L"..XX......XX......XXXX..........",
L"..........XXXXXX..XX............",
L"..........XXXX......XX......XX..",
L"............XX..XXXXXX.........."
},
// O
{
L"..........XXXX....XXXX..........",
L"..........XXXX....XXXX..........",
L"..........XXXX....XXXX..........",
L"..........XXXX....XXXX.........."
},
// S
{
L"..XX......XXXX......XX..........",
L"............XXXX..XXXX..........",
L"..........XX......XXXX......XX..",
L"..........XXXX..XXXX............"
},
// T
{
L"..XX......XXXX....XX............",
L"..........XXXXXX....XX..........",
L"............XX....XXXX......XX..",
L"..........XX....XXXXXX.........."
},
// Z
{
L"....XX....XXXX....XX............",
L"..........XXXX......XXXX........",
L"............XX....XXXX....XX....",
L"........XXXX......XXXX.........."
}
};
const int nScreenWidth = 39;
const int nScreenHeight = 21;
const int nBoardWidth = 22;
const int nBoardHeight = 21;
const wstring detail = L" ▓█░╚╝║═";
int random(int nMin, int nMax)
{
random_device rd;
mt19937 rng(rd());
uniform_int_distribution<int> uni(nMin, nMax);
auto num = uni(rng);
return num;
}
void Configure()
{
system("MODE 39, 22");
system("color 89");
HANDLE hConsoleOutput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFOEX csbiex;
csbiex.cbSize = sizeof(CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFOEX);
GetConsoleScreenBufferInfoEx(hConsoleOutput, &csbiex);
csbiex.ColorTable[0] = RGB(0, 188, 212);
csbiex.ColorTable[1] = RGB(63, 81, 181);
csbiex.ColorTable[2] = RGB(255, 87, 34);
csbiex.ColorTable[3] = RGB(255, 235, 59);
csbiex.ColorTable[4] = RGB(76, 175, 80);
csbiex.ColorTable[5] = RGB(156, 39, 176);
csbiex.ColorTable[6] = RGB(237, 28, 36);
csbiex.ColorTable[7] = RGB(242, 242, 242);
csbiex.ColorTable[8] = RGB(248, 248, 248);
csbiex.ColorTable[9] = RGB(20, 20, 20);
SetConsoleScreenBufferInfoEx(hConsoleOutput, &csbiex);
}
void Frame(wchar_t*& wcBuffer, wstring wsCaption, int nWidth, int nHeight, int nPosX, int nPosY)
{
for (int i = nPosX; i < nWidth + nPosX; i++)
{
for (int j = nPosY; j < nHeight + nPosY; j++)
{
if (i == nPosX)
{
if (j == nPosY)
{
wcBuffer[j * nScreenWidth + i] = L'╔';
}
else if (j == nHeight + nPosY - 1)
{
wcBuffer[j * nScreenWidth + i] = L'╚';
}
else
{
wcBuffer[j * nScreenWidth + i] = L'║';
}
}
else if (i == nWidth + nPosX - 1)
{
if (j == nPosY)
{
wcBuffer[j * nScreenWidth + i] = L'╗';
}
else if (j == nHeight + nPosY - 1)
{
wcBuffer[j * nScreenWidth + i] = L'╝';
}
else
{
wcBuffer[j * nScreenWidth + i] = L'║';
}
}
else
{
if (j == nPosY || j == nHeight + nPosY - 1)
{
wcBuffer[j * nScreenWidth + i] = L'═';
}
else
{
wcBuffer[j * nScreenWidth + i] = L' ';
}
}
}
}
int CapIndex = nPosY * nScreenWidth + (nPosX + 1);
for (int i = 0; i < wsCaption.length(); i++, CapIndex++)
{
wcBuffer[CapIndex] = wsCaption.at(i);
}
}
void Block(wchar_t*& pBuffer, WORD*& pColor, int nTetromino, int nPosX, int nPosY)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
if (tetromino.at(nTetromino).at(0).at(j * 8 + i) != L'.')
{
pBuffer[(nPosY + j) * nScreenWidth + (nPosX + i)] = L'▓';
}
else
{
pBuffer[(nPosY + j) * nScreenWidth + (nPosX + i)] = L' ';
}
pColor[(nPosY + j) * nScreenWidth + (nPosX + i)] = 8 * 16 + nTetromino;
}
}
}
void Text(wchar_t*& pBuffer, wstring content, int nPosX, int nPosY)
{
for (int i = 0; i < content.length(); i++, nPosX++)
{
pBuffer[nPosY * nScreenWidth + nPosX] = content.at(i);
}
}
bool CheckPiece(int*& pMatrix, int nTetromino, int nRotation, int nPosX, int nPosY)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
{
if (nPosX + i >= 0 && nPosX + i < nBoardWidth)
{
if (nPosY + j >= 0 && nPosY + j < nBoardHeight)
{
if (tetromino.at(nTetromino).at(nRotation).at(j * 8 + i) != L'.' && pMatrix[(nPosY + j) * nBoardWidth + (nPosX + i)] != 0)
{
return 0;
}
}
}
}
}
return 1;
}
int main()
{
Configure();
WORD* pColor = new WORD[nScreenWidth * nScreenHeight];
wchar_t* pBuffer = new wchar_t[nScreenWidth * nScreenHeight];
for (int i = 0; i < nScreenWidth; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < nScreenHeight; j++)
{
pBuffer[j * nScreenWidth + i] = L' ';
if (i == 0 || i >= nBoardWidth - 1 || j == nBoardHeight - 1)
{
pColor[j * nScreenWidth + i] = 8 * 16 + 9;
}
else
{
if (j % 2 == 1)
{
if (i % 4 == 1 || i % 4 == 2)
{
pColor[j * nScreenWidth + i] = 8 * 16 + 9;
}
else
{
pColor[j * nScreenWidth + i] = 7 * 16 + 9;
}
}
else
{
if (i % 4 == 3 || i % 4 == 0)
{
pColor[j * nScreenWidth + i] = 8 * 16 + 9;
}
else
{
pColor[j * nScreenWidth + i] = 7 * 16 + 9;
}
}
}
}
}
int* pMatrix = new int[nBoardWidth * nBoardHeight];
for (int i = 0; i < nBoardWidth; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < nBoardHeight; j++)
{
if (j == nBoardHeight - 1)
{
if (i == 0)
{
pMatrix[j * nBoardWidth + i] = 4;
}
else if (i == nBoardWidth - 1)
{
pMatrix[j * nBoardWidth + i] = 5;
}
else
{
pMatrix[j * nBoardWidth + i] = 7;
}
}
else
{
if (i == 0 || i == nBoardWidth - 1)
{
pMatrix[j * nBoardWidth + i] = 6;
}
else
{
pMatrix[j * nBoardWidth + i] = 0;
}
}
}
}
HANDLE hConsole = CreateConsoleScreenBuffer(GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, CONSOLE_TEXTMODE_BUFFER, NULL);
SetConsoleActiveScreenBuffer(hConsole);
DWORD dwBytesWritten = 0;
Frame(pBuffer, L"[ SCORE ]", 17, 3, nBoardWidth, 1);
Frame(pBuffer, L"[ LINE ]", 17, 3, nBoardWidth, 4);
Frame(pBuffer, L"[ NEXT ]", 17, 6, nBoardWidth, 7);
const vector<char> key = { 'W', 'A', 'S', 'D' };
bool bKey[4];
int nCurrentPiece = random(0, 6);
int nNextPiece = random(0, 6);
int nCurrentRotation = 0;
int nCurrentX = nBoardWidth / 2 - 4;
int nCurrentY = 0;

int nFrame = 10;
int nFrameCount = 0;
bool bForceDown = 0;

bool bRotateHold = 1;
int nScore = 0;
int nScorePosX = 37;
int nScoreComp = 10;
int nLine = 0;
int nLinePosX = 37;
int nLineComp = 10;
vector<int> vLines;
bool bGameOver = 0;
while (bGameOver != 1)
{
// GAME TIMING
Sleep(75);
nFrameCount++;
if (nFrameCount == nFrame)
{
bForceDown = 1;
}
else
{
bForceDown = 0;
}
// INPUT
for (int i = 0; i < key.size(); i++)
{
if ((GetKeyState(key.at(i)) & 0x8000) != 0)
{
bKey[i] = 1;
}
else
{
bKey[i] = 0;
}
}
// GAME LOGIC
int nLimit = 0;
if (nCurrentPiece == 3)
{
nLimit = -1;
}
if (bKey[3] == 1 && nCurrentY >= nLimit)
{
if (CheckPiece(pMatrix, nCurrentPiece, nCurrentRotation, nCurrentX + 2, nCurrentY) == 1)
{
nCurrentX += 2;
}
}
if (bKey[1] == 1 && nCurrentY >= nLimit && CheckPiece(pMatrix, nCurrentPiece, nCurrentRotation, nCurrentX - 2, nCurrentY) == 1)
{
nCurrentX -= 2;
}
if (bKey[2] == 1 && nCurrentY >= nLimit)
{
int i{};
while (CheckPiece(pMatrix, nCurrentPiece, nCurrentRotation, nCurrentX, nCurrentY + i) == 1)
{
i++;
}
nCurrentY += i - 1;
}
if (bKey[0] == 1 && nCurrentY >= nLimit && bRotateHold == 1 && CheckPiece(pMatrix, nCurrentPiece, (nCurrentRotation + 1) % 4, nCurrentX, nCurrentY) == 1)
{
nCurrentRotation++;
nCurrentRotation %= 4;
bRotateHold = 0;
}
else
{
bRotateHold = 1;
}
if (bForceDown == 1)
{
nFrameCount = 0;
if (CheckPiece(pMatrix, nCurrentPiece, nCurrentRotation, nCurrentX, nCurrentY + 1))
{
nCurrentY++;
}
else
{
if (nCurrentY < nLimit)
{
bGameOver = 1;
break;
}
else
{
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
{
if (nCurrentY >= 0 && tetromino.at(nCurrentPiece).at(nCurrentRotation).at(j * 8 + i) != L'.')
{
pMatrix[(nCurrentY + j) * nBoardWidth + (nCurrentX + i)] = 2;
if ((nCurrentY + j) % 2 == 1)
{
if ((nCurrentX + i) % 4 == 1 || (nCurrentX + i) % 4 == 2)
{
pColor[(nCurrentY + j) * nScreenWidth + (nCurrentX + i)] = 8 * 16 + nCurrentPiece;
}
else
{
pColor[(nCurrentY + j) * nScreenWidth + (nCurrentX + i)] = 7 * 16 + nCurrentPiece;
}
}
else
{
if ((nCurrentX + i) % 4 == 3 || (nCurrentX + i) % 4 == 0)
{
pColor[(nCurrentY + j) * nScreenWidth + (nCurrentX + i)] = 8 * 16 + nCurrentPiece;
}
else
{
pColor[(nCurrentY + j) * nScreenWidth + (nCurrentX + i)] = 7 * 16 + nCurrentPiece;
}
}
}
}
}
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
{
if (nCurrentY + j < nBoardHeight - 1)
{
bool bLine = 1;
for (int i = 1; i < nBoardWidth - 1; i++)
{
if (pMatrix[(nCurrentY + j) * nBoardWidth + i] == 0)
{
bLine = 0;
break;
}
}
if (bLine == 1)
{
nLine++;
for (int i = 1; i < nBoardWidth - 1; i++)
{
pMatrix[(nCurrentY + j) * nBoardWidth + i] = 3;
}
vLines.push_back(nCurrentY + j);
}
}
}
nScore += 25;
if (!vLines.empty())
{
nScore += (1 << vLines.size()) * 100;
}
nCurrentX = nBoardWidth / 2 - 4;
nCurrentY = -4;
nCurrentRotation = 0;
nCurrentPiece = nNextPiece;
nNextPiece = random(0, 6);
}
}
}
// DISPLAY
for (int i = 0; i < nBoardWidth; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < nBoardHeight; j++)
{
pBuffer[j * nScreenWidth + i] = detail[pMatrix[j * nBoardWidth + i]];
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
{
if (tetromino.at(nCurrentPiece).at(nCurrentRotation).at(j * 8 + i) != L'.' && nCurrentY + j >= 0)
{
if ((nCurrentY + j) % 2 == 1)
{
if ((nCurrentX + i) % 4 == 1 || (nCurrentX + i) % 4 == 2)
{
pColor[(nCurrentY + j) * nScreenWidth + (nCurrentX + i)] = 8 * 16 + nCurrentPiece;
}
else
{
pColor[(nCurrentY + j) * nScreenWidth + (nCurrentX + i)] = 7 * 16 + nCurrentPiece;
}
}
else
{
if ((nCurrentX + i) % 4 == 3 || (nCurrentX + i) % 4 == 0)
{
pColor[(nCurrentY + j) * nScreenWidth + (nCurrentX + i)] = 8 * 16 + nCurrentPiece;
}
else
{
pColor[(nCurrentY + j) * nScreenWidth + (nCurrentX + i)] = 7 * 16 + nCurrentPiece;
}
}
pBuffer[(nCurrentY + j) * nScreenWidth + (nCurrentX + i)] = L'▓';
}
}
}
Block(pBuffer, pColor, nNextPiece, 26, 8);
if (nScore >= nScoreComp)
{
nScorePosX--;
nScoreComp *= 10;
}

Text(pBuffer, to_wstring(nScore), nScorePosX, 2);
if (nLine >= nLineComp)
{
nLinePosX--;
nLineComp *= 10;
}

Text(pBuffer, to_wstring(nLine), nLinePosX, 5);
if (!vLines.empty())
{
WriteConsoleOutputCharacter(hConsole, pBuffer, nScreenWidth * nScreenHeight, { 0,0 }, &dwBytesWritten);
Sleep(400);
for (int l = 0; l < vLines.size(); l++)
{
for (int i = 1; i < nBoardWidth - 1; i++)
{
for (int j = vLines.at(l); j > 0; j--)
{
if (j % 2 == 0)
{
if (i % 4 == 1 || i % 4 == 2)
{
pColor[j * nScreenWidth + i] = pColor[(j - 1) * nScreenWidth + i] - 16;
}
else
{
pColor[j * nScreenWidth + i] = pColor[(j - 1) * nScreenWidth + i] + 16;
}
}
else
{
if (i % 4 == 1 || i % 4 == 2)
{
pColor[j * nScreenWidth + i] = pColor[(j - 1) * nScreenWidth + i] + 16;
}
else
{
pColor[j * nScreenWidth + i] = pColor[(j - 1) * nScreenWidth + i] - 16;
}
}
pMatrix[j * nBoardWidth + i] = pMatrix[(j - 1) * nBoardWidth + i];
}
pMatrix[i] = 0;
}
}
vLines.clear();
}
for (int i = 0; i < nScreenWidth; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < nScreenHeight; j++)
{
COORD cPos;
cPos.X = i;
cPos.Y = j;
WriteConsoleOutputAttribute(hConsole, &pColor[j * nScreenWidth + i], 1, cPos, &dwBytesWritten);
}
}
WriteConsoleOutputCharacter(hConsole, pBuffer, nScreenWidth * nScreenHeight, { 0,0 }, &dwBytesWritten);
}
CloseHandle(hConsole);
cout << "Game Over !" << "n";
cout << "Score: " << nScore << "n";
return 0;
}

我使用Visual Studio代码，检查时没有错误，但当我运行时：

.test.cpp: In function 'int main()':
.test.cpp:550:42: error: cannot convert 'wchar_t*' to 'LPCSTR' {aka 'const char*'}
WriteConsoleOutputCharacter(hConsole, pBuffer, nScreenWidth * nScreenHeight, { 0,0 }, &dwBytesWritten);
^~~~~~~
In file included from C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/Windows.h:74,
from .test.cpp:5:
C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/wincon.h:220:87: note:   initializing argument 2 of 'WINBOOL WriteConsoleOutputCharacterA(HANDLE, LPCSTR, DWORD, COORD, LPDWORD)'
WINBASEAPI WINBOOL WINAPI WriteConsoleOutputCharacterA(HANDLE hConsoleOutput,LPCSTR lpCharacter,DWORD nLength,COORD dwWriteCoord,LPDWORD lpNumberOfCharsWritten);
          ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~
.test.cpp:599:41: error: cannot convert 'wchar_t*' to 'LPCSTR' {aka 'const char*'}
WriteConsoleOutputCharacter(hConsole, pBuffer, nScreenWidth * nScreenHeight, { 0,0 }, &dwBytesWritten);
^~~~~~~
In file included from C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/Windows.h:74,
from .test.cpp:5:
C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/wincon.h:220:87: note:   initializing argument 2 of 'WINBOOL WriteConsoleOutputCharacterA(HANDLE, LPCSTR, DWORD, COORD, LPDWORD)'
WINBASEAPI WINBOOL WINAPI WriteConsoleOutputCharacterA(HANDLE hConsoleOutput,LPCSTR lpCharacter,DWORD nLength,COORD dwWriteCoord,LPDWORD lpNumberOfCharsWritten);
          ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~

看起来有一些与MinGW相关的错误。我一直在检查一些与此错误有关的主题，也许UNICODE与此有关。通常情况下，我发现大多数人使用旧的MinGW 2017，与此版本相比没有任何重大变化。我使用的UNICODE在文件属性和系统的PATH中是UTF-8，G++/GCC的目录没有问题。因为我对这些系统背后的编码和机制有点陌生，所以对此的任何解释和解决方案都将不胜感激。

Answer 1

我看到pBuffer有一些问题，这很可能是因为你使用了多字节字符集。我用多字节字符集中编译了这段代码，但我得到了同样的错误，比如你需要将多字节字符组更改为使用Unicode字符集，这应该可以解决你的问题。其配偶工作室选项：(