尝试在Ubuntu 20.04 WSL for Windows 10上安装带有pyenv的新Python-版本失败，输出如下：
username@hd1pcms0347:~$ pyenv install 3.9.4
Downloading Python-3.9.4.tar.xz...
-> https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.4/Python-3.9.4.tar.xz
Installing Python-3.9.4...
python-build: use readline from homebrew
BUILD FAILED (Ubuntu 20.04 using python-build 20180424)
Inspect or clean up the working tree at /tmp/python-build.20210602162502.2268
Results logged to /tmp/python-build.20210602162502.2268.log
Last 10 log lines:
File "/tmp/python-build.20210602162502.2268/Python-3.9.4/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 210, in _main
return _bootstrap(
File "/tmp/python-build.20210602162502.2268/Python-3.9.4/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 129, in _bootstrap
return _run_pip(args + [p[0] for p in _PROJECTS], additional_paths)
File "/tmp/python-build.20210602162502.2268/Python-3.9.4/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 38, in _run_pip
return subprocess.run([sys.executable, "-c", code], check=True).returncode
File "/tmp/python-build.20210602162502.2268/Python-3.9.4/Lib/subprocess.py", line 528, in run
raise CalledProcessError(retcode, process.args,
subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['/tmp/python-build.20210602162502.2268/Python-3.9.4/python', '-c', 'nimport runpynimport sysnsys.path = ['/tmp/tmp7aa5f7ml/setuptools-49.2.1-py3-none-any.whl', '/tmp/tmp7aa5f7ml/pip-20.2.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl'] + sys.pathnsys.argv[1:] = ['install', '--no-cache-dir', '--no-index', '--find-links', '/tmp/tmp7aa5f7ml', '--root', '/', '--upgrade', 'setuptools', 'pip']nrunpy.run_module("pip", run_name="__main__", alter_sys=True)n']' returned non-zero exit status 1.
make: *** [Makefile:1255: install] Error 1
编辑：我早些时候通过GoogleDrive共享了日志文件，这样@Marlon Richert就可以根据其内容给出好的答案。
以下是日志的相关部分：
In file included from /tmp/python-build.20210602162502.2268/Python-3.9.4/Modules/_cursesmodule.c:113:
./Include/py_curses.h:36:10: fatal error: curses.h: No such file or directory
36 | #include <curses.h>
| ^~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
[...]
/tmp/python-build.20210602162502.2268/Python-3.9.4/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes.c:107:10: fatal error: ffi.h: No such file or directory
107 | #include <ffi.h>
| ^~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
Python build finished successfully!
The necessary bits to build these optional modules were not found:
_bz2 _curses_panel _dbm
_gdbm _lzma _sqlite3
_tkinter _uuid zlib
To find the necessary bits, look in setup.py in detect_modules() for the module's name.
The following modules found by detect_modules() in setup.py, have been
built by the Makefile instead, as configured by the Setup files:
_abc atexit pwd
time
Failed to build these modules:
_ctypes _curses
[...]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<frozen zipimport>", line 520, in _get_decompress_func
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'zlib'
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<frozen zipimport>", line 568, in _get_data
File "<frozen zipimport>", line 523, in _get_decompress_func
zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available
看起来您缺少了PyEnv构建Python所需的依赖项。既然您使用的是Ubuntu，请运行以下程序：
sudo apt update
sudo apt install
build-essential
curl
libbz2-dev
libffi-dev
liblzma-dev
libncursesw5-dev
libreadline-dev
libsqlite3-dev
libssl-dev
libxml2-dev
libxmlsec1-dev
llvm
make
tk-dev
wget
xz-utils
zlib1g-dev
然后再试一次。
在通过pyenv安装程序安装pyenv后，我在Fedora 36(没有wsl，作为主操作系统运行(上遇到了同样的问题，就像marlon的答案一样(https://stackoverflow.com/a/67853440(，结果发现这是查看日志文件时丢失的依赖项的组合。解决了我的问题
sudo dnf install ffi
sudo dnf install ffi-devel
sudo dnf install zlib
sudo dnf install zlib-devel
之后，python将安装(例如通过pyenv install 3.10.7(，但您需要根据它给出的警告安装其他库。例如，安装后，我收到的警告是：
WARNING: The Python bz2 extension was not compiled. Missing the bzip2 lib?
WARNING: The Python curses extension was not compiled. Missing the ncurses lib?
WARNING: The Python readline extension was not compiled. Missing the GNU readline lib?
WARNING: The Python sqlite3 extension was not compiled. Missing the SQLite3 lib?
WARNING: The Python tkinter extension was not compiled and GUI subsystem has been detected. Missing the Tk toolkit?
WARNING: The Python lzma extension was not compiled. Missing the lzma lib?
显然，按照Marlon的其余回答，安装上列出的所有依赖项https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki#suggested-构建环境