小贝子编程

使用纯C中的Windows运行时API



据我所知，Windows运行时是Windows公开其API的新基础设施。我的问题很简单：如何从纯C代码中使用它？我不介意写更多的代码，我只想了解事物是如何联系在一起的。

让我们以微软给出的基本示例为例：https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/desktop/modernize/desktop-to-uwp-enhance.具体地说；修改C++Win32项目以使用Windows运行时API"；，有一个示例显示了如何显示来自应用程序的toast通知。如何翻译该代码以从普通的.c文件中使用它？

我在C:Program Files (x86)Windows Kits10Include10.0.19041.0winrt中发现了一些头文件，例如windows.ui.notifications.h，我认为这可能很有用，但我不知道该如何使用其中的内容。在MSDN上，没有任何文章谈论纯C，只有各种托管语言和C++的投影。

拜托，这更像是一个学术问题。我过去曾成功地使用过来自C的COM，对此我很满意，但为此，我在网上找不到任何关于它的提及或文章。

谢谢。

编辑现在我有一些成功执行的代码(生成的HRESULT为S_OK(，但没有显示toast。知道如何调试这个吗？到底什么会失败？我还没有实现COM激活器，因为我有一个类似的PowerShell脚本，它的工作原理与我在C中写的基本相同。我陷入了困境，也许有人可以帮助我。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <initguid.h>
#include <roapi.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "runtimeobject.lib")
#include <Windows.ui.notifications.h>
#include <winstring.h>
#include <shobjidl_core.h>
#include <propvarutil.h>
#include <propkey.h>
#include <Psapi.h>
// ABI.Windows.UI.Notifications.IToastNotificationManagerStatics
// 50ac103f-d235-4598-bbef-98fe4d1a3ad4
DEFINE_GUID(UIID_IToastNotificationManagerStatics,
0x50ac103f,
0xd235, 0x4598, 0xbb, 0xef,
0x98, 0xfe, 0x4d, 0x1a, 0x3a, 0xd4
);
// ABI.Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.IXmlDocument
// f7f3a506-1e87-42d6-bcfb-b8c809fa5494
DEFINE_GUID(UIID_IXmlDocument,
0xf7f3a506,
0x1e87, 0x42d6, 0xbc, 0xfb,
0xb8, 0xc8, 0x09, 0xfa, 0x54, 0x94
);
// ABI.Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.IXmlDocumentIO
// 6cd0e74e-ee65-4489-9ebf-ca43e87ba637
DEFINE_GUID(UIID_IXmlDocumentIO,
0x6cd0e74e,
0xee65, 0x4489, 0x9e, 0xbf,
0xca, 0x43, 0xe8, 0x7b, 0xa6, 0x37
);
// ABI.Windows.Notifications.IToastNotificationFactory
// 04124b20-82c6-4229-b109-fd9ed4662b53
DEFINE_GUID(UIID_IToastNotificationFactory,
0x04124b20,
0x82c6, 0x4229, 0xb1, 0x09,
0xfd, 0x9e, 0xd4, 0x66, 0x2b, 0x53
);
// CLSID_ShellLink
// 00021401-0000-0000-C000-000000000046
DEFINE_GUID(CLSID_ShellLink,
0x00021401,
0x0000, 0x0000, 0xc0, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x46
);
// IShellLinkW
// 000214F9-0000-0000-C000-000000000046
DEFINE_GUID(IID_ShellLink,
0x000214f9,
0x0000, 0x0000, 0xc0, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x46
);
// IPropertyStore
// 886d8eeb-8cf2-4446-8d02-cdba1dbdcf99
DEFINE_GUID(IID_IPropertyStore,
0x886d8eeb,
0x8cf2, 0x4446, 0x8d, 0x02,
0xcd, 0xba, 0x1d, 0xbd, 0xcf, 0x99
);
// IPersistFile
// 0000010b-0000-0000-C000-000000000046
DEFINE_GUID(IID_IPersistFile,
0x0000010b,
0x0000, 0x0000, 0xc0, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x46
);
#define APP_ID L"valinet.thunderbirdtoasts"
#define APP_CLSID L"04f9ecea-f0da-4ea2-b2d7-acf208ae30a1"
// APP_UUID
// 04f9ecea-f0da-4ea2-b2d7-acf208ae30a1
/*
DEFINE_GUID(APP_UUID,
0x04f9ecea,
0xf0da, 0x4ea2, 0xb2, 0xd7,
0xac, 0xf2, 0x08, 0xae, 0x30, 0xa1
);
*/
inline HRESULT InitPropVariantFromString(_In_ PCWSTR psz, _Out_ PROPVARIANT* ppropvar)
{
HRESULT hr = psz != NULL ? S_OK : E_INVALIDARG; // Previous API behavior counter to the SAL requirement.
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
SIZE_T const byteCount = (SIZE_T)((wcslen(psz) + 1) * sizeof(*psz));
V_UNION(ppropvar, pwszVal) = (PWSTR)(CoTaskMemAlloc(byteCount));
hr = V_UNION(ppropvar, pwszVal) ? S_OK : E_OUTOFMEMORY;
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
memcpy_s(V_UNION(ppropvar, pwszVal), byteCount, psz, byteCount);
V_VT(ppropvar) = VT_LPWSTR;
}
}
if (FAILED(hr))
{
PropVariantInit(ppropvar);
}
return hr;
}

HRESULT InstallShortcut(_In_z_ wchar_t* shortcutPath)
{
wchar_t exePath[MAX_PATH];
DWORD charWritten = GetModuleFileNameEx(
GetCurrentProcess(), 
NULL, 
exePath,
ARRAYSIZE(exePath)
);
HRESULT hr = charWritten > 0 ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
IShellLink* shellLink = NULL;
hr = CoCreateInstance(
&CLSID_ShellLink,
NULL,
CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
&IID_ShellLink,
&shellLink
);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
hr = shellLink->lpVtbl->SetPath(shellLink, exePath);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
hr = shellLink->lpVtbl->SetArguments(shellLink, L"");
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
IPropertyStore* propertyStore;
shellLink->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(
shellLink,
&IID_IPropertyStore,
&propertyStore
);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
PROPVARIANT appIdPropVar;
hr = InitPropVariantFromString(APP_ID, &appIdPropVar);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
hr = propertyStore->lpVtbl->SetValue(propertyStore, &PKEY_AppUserModel_ID, &appIdPropVar);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
PROPVARIANT appClsIdPropVar;
hr = InitPropVariantFromString(APP_CLSID, &appClsIdPropVar);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
hr = propertyStore->lpVtbl->SetValue(propertyStore, &PKEY_AppUserModel_ToastActivatorCLSID, &appClsIdPropVar);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
hr = propertyStore->lpVtbl->Commit(propertyStore);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
IPersistFile* persistFile = NULL;
shellLink->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(
shellLink,
&IID_IPersistFile,
&persistFile
);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
hr = persistFile->lpVtbl->Save(persistFile, shortcutPath, TRUE);
}
}
}
PropVariantClear(&appClsIdPropVar);
}
}
PropVariantClear(&appIdPropVar);
}
}
}
}
}
}
return hr;
}
HRESULT TryCreateShortcut()
{
wchar_t shortcutPath[MAX_PATH];
DWORD charWritten = GetEnvironmentVariable(L"APPDATA", shortcutPath, MAX_PATH);
HRESULT hr = charWritten > 0 ? S_OK : E_INVALIDARG;
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
errno_t concatError = wcscat_s(shortcutPath, ARRAYSIZE(shortcutPath), L"\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Thunderbird Toasts.lnk");
hr = concatError == 0 ? S_OK : E_INVALIDARG;
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
DWORD attributes = GetFileAttributes(shortcutPath);
BOOL fileExists = attributes < 0xFFFFFFF;
if (!fileExists)
{
hr = InstallShortcut(shortcutPath);  // See step 2.
}
else
{
hr = S_FALSE;
}
}
}
return hr;
}
HRESULT CreateXmlDocumentFromString(
const wchar_t* xmlString, 
__x_ABI_CWindows_CData_CXml_CDom_CIXmlDocument** doc
)
{
HRESULT hr;
HSTRING_HEADER header_;
HSTRING IXmlDocumentHString;
hr = WindowsCreateStringReference(
RuntimeClass_Windows_Data_Xml_Dom_XmlDocument,
wcslen(RuntimeClass_Windows_Data_Xml_Dom_XmlDocument),
&header_,
&IXmlDocumentHString
);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("WindowsCreateStringReference IXmlDocumentHStringn");
return hr;
}
if (IXmlDocumentHString == NULL)
{
return 1;
}
IInspectable* pInspectable;
hr = RoActivateInstance(IXmlDocumentHString, &pInspectable);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
hr = pInspectable->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(
pInspectable,
&UIID_IXmlDocument,
doc
);
pInspectable->lpVtbl->Release(pInspectable);
}
else
{
printf("RoActivateInstance IXmlDocumentHStringn");
return hr;
}
__x_ABI_CWindows_CData_CXml_CDom_CIXmlDocumentIO* docIO;
(*doc)->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(
(*doc),
&UIID_IXmlDocumentIO,
&docIO
);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("QueryInterface IXmlDocumentIOn");
return hr;
}
HSTRING XmlString;
hr = WindowsCreateStringReference(
xmlString,
wcslen(xmlString),
&header_,
&XmlString
);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("WindowsCreateStringReference XmlStringn");
return hr;
}
if (XmlString == NULL)
{
return 1;
}
hr = docIO->lpVtbl->LoadXml(docIO, XmlString);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("LoadXml IXmlDocumentIOn");
return hr;
}

return hr;
}
int main()
{
HRESULT hr = RoInitialize(RO_INIT_MULTITHREADED);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("RoInitializen");
return 0;
}
TryCreateShortcut();
HSTRING_HEADER header_;
HSTRING ToastNotificationManagerHString;
hr = WindowsCreateStringReference(
RuntimeClass_Windows_UI_Notifications_ToastNotificationManager,
wcslen(RuntimeClass_Windows_UI_Notifications_ToastNotificationManager),
&header_,
&ToastNotificationManagerHString
);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("WindowsCreateStringReference ToastNotificationManagerHStringn");
return 0;
}
if (ToastNotificationManagerHString == NULL)
{
return 0;
}
__x_ABI_CWindows_CUI_CNotifications_CIToastNotificationManagerStatics* toastStatics = NULL;
hr = RoGetActivationFactory(
ToastNotificationManagerHString,
&UIID_IToastNotificationManagerStatics,
(LPVOID*)&toastStatics
);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("RoGetActivationFactory ToastNotificationManagerHStringn");
return 0;
}
__x_ABI_CWindows_CData_CXml_CDom_CIXmlDocument* inputXml = NULL;
hr = CreateXmlDocumentFromString(
L"<toast activationType="protocol" launch="imsprevn://0" duration="long">"
L"<visual><binding template="ToastGeneric"><text>text1</text><text>text2</text><text placement="attribution">attr</text>"
L"</binding></visual><audio src="ms-winsoundevent:Notification.Mail" loop="false" /></toast>"
, &inputXml
);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("CreateXmlDocumentFromStringn");
return 0;
}
HSTRING AppIdHString;
hr = WindowsCreateStringReference(
APP_ID,
wcslen(APP_ID),
&header_,
&AppIdHString
);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("WindowsCreateStringReference AppIdHStringn");
return 0;
}
if (AppIdHString == NULL)
{
return 0;
}
__x_ABI_CWindows_CUI_CNotifications_CIToastNotifier* notifier;
hr = toastStatics->lpVtbl->CreateToastNotifierWithId(toastStatics, AppIdHString, &notifier);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("CreateToastNotifiern");
return 0;
}

HSTRING ToastNotificationHString;
hr = WindowsCreateStringReference(
RuntimeClass_Windows_UI_Notifications_ToastNotification,
wcslen(RuntimeClass_Windows_UI_Notifications_ToastNotification),
&header_,
&ToastNotificationHString
);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("WindowsCreateStringReference ToastNotificationHStringn");
return 0;
}
if (ToastNotificationHString == NULL)
{
return 0;
}
__x_ABI_CWindows_CUI_CNotifications_CIToastNotificationFactory* notifFactory = NULL;
hr = RoGetActivationFactory(
ToastNotificationHString,
&UIID_IToastNotificationFactory,
(LPVOID*)&notifFactory
);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("RoGetActivationFactory ToastNotificationHStringn");
return 0;
}
__x_ABI_CWindows_CUI_CNotifications_CIToastNotification2* notif = NULL;
hr = notifFactory->lpVtbl->CreateToastNotification(notifFactory, inputXml, &notif);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("CreateToastNotificationn");
return 0;
}
hr = notif->lpVtbl->put_Tag(notif, AppIdHString);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("put_Tagn");
return 0;
}
hr = notif->lpVtbl->put_Group(notif, AppIdHString);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("put_Groupn");
return 0;
}
hr = notifier->lpVtbl->Show(notifier, notif);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("Shown");
return 0;
}

printf("successn");
return 0;
}

这是清单文件(IsWindows10OrGreater()返回1(：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<assembly manifestVersion="1.0" xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" xmlns:asmv3="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
<assemblyIdentity
type="win32"
name="valinet.testapp"
version="1.2.3.4"
processorArchitecture="x86"
/>
<description>TestApp</description>
<compatibility xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:compatibility.v1">
<application>
<!-- Windows 10 -->
<supportedOS Id="{8e0f7a12-bfb3-4fe8-b9a5-48fd50a15a9a}"/>
<!-- Windows 8.1 -->
<supportedOS Id="{1f676c76-80e1-4239-95bb-83d0f6d0da78}"/>
<!-- Windows 8 -->
<supportedOS Id="{4a2f28e3-53b9-4441-ba9c-d69d4a4a6e38}"/>
<!-- Windows 7 -->
<supportedOS Id="{35138b9a-5d96-4fbd-8e2d-a2440225f93a}"/>
<!-- Windows Vista -->
<supportedOS Id="{e2011457-1546-43c5-a5fe-008deee3d3f0}"/> 
</application>
</compatibility>
<trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
<security>
<requestedPrivileges>
<!--
UAC settings:
- app should run at same integrity level as calling process
- app does not need to manipulate windows belonging to
higher-integrity-level processes
-->
<requestedExecutionLevel
level="asInvoker"
uiAccess="false"
/>   
</requestedPrivileges>
</security>
</trustInfo>
</assembly>

以下是PowerShell脚本：

param ($appid, $action, $title, $text, $attr, $duration, $audio)
[Windows.UI.Notifications.ToastNotificationManager, Windows.UI.Notifications, ContentType = WindowsRuntime] | Out-Null
[Windows.UI.Notifications.ToastNotification, Windows.UI.Notifications, ContentType = WindowsRuntime] | Out-Null
[Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.XmlDocument, Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.XmlDocument, ContentType = WindowsRuntime] | Out-Null
$template = @"
<toast activationType="protocol" launch="$action" duration="$duration">
<visual>
<binding template="ToastGeneric">


<text><![CDATA[$title]]></text>


<text><![CDATA[$text]]></text>


<text placement="attribution"><![CDATA[$attr]]></text>
</binding>
</visual>

<audio src="$audio" loop="false" />


</toast>
"@
$xml = New-Object Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.XmlDocument
$xml.LoadXml($template)
$toast = New-Object Windows.UI.Notifications.ToastNotification $xml
$toast.Tag = $appid
$toast.Group = $appid
[Windows.UI.Notifications.ToastNotificationManager]::CreateToastNotifier($appid).Show($toast)

我终于想通了。问题是，在终止进程之前必须等待一段时间，这样COM线程才有机会真正完成工作并传递通知。上面发布的代码完全有效，我稍后将发布一个只有绝对必要的东西的修订版本。我解决问题的方法是剥离所有内容，直到出现示例应用程序(https://github.com/microsoft/Windows-classic-samples/blob/master/Samples/DesktopToasts/CPP/DesktopToastsSample.cpp)与我的代码相同，唯一的区别是消息队列使示例应用程序在"；发送"；敬酒的请求。

此外，如果你对通知只能触发协议，并且不包含任何按钮感到满意，你可以跳过在"开始"中创建快捷方式，只使用另一个应用程序的appid。如果您提供的appid不属于任何已安装的应用程序，则toast将没有图标，应用程序名称将与您提供的名称一致。这对于那些开发当前应用程序的扩展/附加组件的人来说非常棒，他们不需要用不必要的快捷方式来打乱"开始"菜单。按钮需要COM激活，因为不幸的是，但至少我们有这个。

是的，你也不需要应用程序清单。现在的问题是，在终止之前等待的正确方式是什么？我的意思是，Sleep(200);当然可以，但我对正确的解决方案很好奇。

若要获取已安装应用的应用ID，请在PowerShell中键入Get-StartApps。

编辑：这是工作代码，希望能释放内存等

// Set project Properties - Configuration Properties - Linker - All Options -
// - Additional Dependencies - runtimeobject.lib
// #pragma comment(lib, "runtimeobject.lib") does not work when compiled 
// without default lib for whatever reason
//
// Set project Properties - Configuration Properties - Linker - All Options - 
// - SubSystem - Windows or change to Console
// and modify the entry point and the signature of "main"
// the pragma belowis optional
#include <initguid.h>
#include <roapi.h>
#include <Windows.ui.notifications.h>
#define Done(code) ExitProcess(code)
// Choose whether you would like to compile with/without the standard library
#define INCLUDE_DEFAULTLIB
#undef INCLUDE_DEFAULTLIB
#ifdef INCLUDE_DEFAULTLIB
#include <stdio.h>
#define __wcslen wcslen
#else
#pragma comment(linker, "/NODEFAULTLIB")
#pragma comment(linker, "/ENTRY:wWinMain")
void printf(char* b, ...) {}
DWORD __wcslen(WCHAR* pszText)
{
WCHAR* pszCurrent = pszText;
while (pszCurrent[0])
{
pszCurrent++;
}
return pszCurrent - pszText;
}
#endif
// UUIDs obtained from <windows.ui.notifications.h>
//
// ABI.Windows.UI.Notifications.IToastNotificationManagerStatics
// 50ac103f-d235-4598-bbef-98fe4d1a3ad4
DEFINE_GUID(UIID_IToastNotificationManagerStatics,
0x50ac103f,
0xd235, 0x4598, 0xbb, 0xef,
0x98, 0xfe, 0x4d, 0x1a, 0x3a, 0xd4
);
//
// ABI.Windows.Notifications.IToastNotificationFactory
// 04124b20-82c6-4229-b109-fd9ed4662b53
DEFINE_GUID(UIID_IToastNotificationFactory,
0x04124b20,
0x82c6, 0x4229, 0xb1, 0x09,
0xfd, 0x9e, 0xd4, 0x66, 0x2b, 0x53
);
// UUIDs obtained from <windows.data.xml.dom.h>
//
// ABI.Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.IXmlDocument
// f7f3a506-1e87-42d6-bcfb-b8c809fa5494
DEFINE_GUID(UIID_IXmlDocument,
0xf7f3a506,
0x1e87, 0x42d6, 0xbc, 0xfb,
0xb8, 0xc8, 0x09, 0xfa, 0x54, 0x94
);
//
// ABI.Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.IXmlDocumentIO
// 6cd0e74e-ee65-4489-9ebf-ca43e87ba637
DEFINE_GUID(UIID_IXmlDocumentIO,
0x6cd0e74e,
0xee65, 0x4489, 0x9e, 0xbf,
0xca, 0x43, 0xe8, 0x7b, 0xa6, 0x37
);
// This is the AppUserModelId of an application from the Start menu
// If you don't supply a valid entry here, the toast will have no icon
// The ID below is for Mozilla Thunderbird
#define APP_ID L"D78BF5DD33499EC2"
HRESULT CreateXmlDocumentFromString(
const wchar_t* xmlString, 
__x_ABI_CWindows_CData_CXml_CDom_CIXmlDocument** doc
)
{
HRESULT hr = S_OK;
HSTRING_HEADER header_IXmlDocumentHString;
HSTRING IXmlDocumentHString;
hr = WindowsCreateStringReference(
RuntimeClass_Windows_Data_Xml_Dom_XmlDocument,
(UINT32)__wcslen(RuntimeClass_Windows_Data_Xml_Dom_XmlDocument),
&header_IXmlDocumentHString,
&IXmlDocumentHString
);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("%s:%d:: WindowsCreateStringReferencen", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
return hr;
}
if (IXmlDocumentHString == NULL)
{
return E_POINTER;
}
IInspectable* pInspectable;
hr = RoActivateInstance(IXmlDocumentHString, &pInspectable);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
hr = pInspectable->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(
pInspectable,
&UIID_IXmlDocument,
doc
);
pInspectable->lpVtbl->Release(pInspectable);
}
else
{
printf("%s:%d:: RoActivateInstancen", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
return hr;
}
__x_ABI_CWindows_CData_CXml_CDom_CIXmlDocumentIO* docIO;
(*doc)->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(
(*doc),
&UIID_IXmlDocumentIO,
&docIO
);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("%s:%d:: QueryInterfacen", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
return hr;
}
HSTRING_HEADER header_XmlString;
HSTRING XmlString;
hr = WindowsCreateStringReference(
xmlString,
(UINT32)__wcslen(xmlString),
&header_XmlString,
&XmlString
);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("%s:%d:: WindowsCreateStringReferencen", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
docIO->lpVtbl->Release(docIO);
return hr;
}
if (XmlString == NULL)
{
return E_POINTER;
}
hr = docIO->lpVtbl->LoadXml(docIO, XmlString);
docIO->lpVtbl->Release(docIO);
return hr;
}
int WINAPI wWinMain(
_In_ HINSTANCE hInstance,
_In_opt_ HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
_In_ LPWSTR lpCmdLine,
_In_ int nShowCmd
) 
{
#ifdef INCLUDE_DEFAULTLIB
FILE* conout;
AllocConsole();
freopen_s(&conout, "CONOUT$", "w", stdout);
#endif
HRESULT hr = S_OK;
hr = RoInitialize(RO_INIT_MULTITHREADED);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("%s:%d:: RoInitializen", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
goto exit0;
}
HSTRING_HEADER header_AppIdHString;
HSTRING AppIdHString;
hr = WindowsCreateStringReference(
APP_ID,
(UINT32)__wcslen(APP_ID),
&header_AppIdHString,
&AppIdHString
);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("%s:%d:: WindowsCreateStringReferencen", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
goto exit1;
}
if (AppIdHString == NULL)
{
hr = E_POINTER;
goto exit1;
}
__x_ABI_CWindows_CData_CXml_CDom_CIXmlDocument* inputXml = NULL;
hr = CreateXmlDocumentFromString(
L"<toast activationType="protocol" launch="imsprevn://0" duration="long">rn"
L"  <visual>rn"
L"      <binding template="ToastGeneric">rn"
L"          <text><![CDATA[Hello, world]]></text>rn"
L"          <text><![CDATA[Click me]]></text>rn"
L"          <text placement="attribution"><![CDATA[Bottom text]]></text>rn"
L"      </binding>rn"
L"  </visual>rn"
L"  <audio src="ms-winsoundevent:Notification.Mail" loop="false" />rn"
L"</toast>rn"
, &inputXml
);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("%s:%d:: CreateXmlDocumentFromStringn", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
goto exit1;
}
HSTRING_HEADER header_ToastNotificationManagerHString;
HSTRING ToastNotificationManagerHString;
hr = WindowsCreateStringReference(
RuntimeClass_Windows_UI_Notifications_ToastNotificationManager,
(UINT32)__wcslen(RuntimeClass_Windows_UI_Notifications_ToastNotificationManager),
&header_ToastNotificationManagerHString,
&ToastNotificationManagerHString
);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("%s:%d:: WindowsCreateStringReferencen", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
goto exit2;
}
if (ToastNotificationManagerHString == NULL)
{
printf("%s:%d:: ToastNotificationManagerHString == NULLn", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
hr = E_POINTER;
goto exit2;
}
__x_ABI_CWindows_CUI_CNotifications_CIToastNotificationManagerStatics* toastStatics = NULL;
hr = RoGetActivationFactory(
ToastNotificationManagerHString,
&UIID_IToastNotificationManagerStatics,
(LPVOID*)&toastStatics
);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("%s:%d:: RoGetActivationFactoryn", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
goto exit2;
}
__x_ABI_CWindows_CUI_CNotifications_CIToastNotifier* notifier;
hr = toastStatics->lpVtbl->CreateToastNotifierWithId(
toastStatics, 
AppIdHString, 
&notifier
);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("%s:%d:: CreateToastNotifierWithIdn", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
goto exit3;
}

HSTRING_HEADER header_ToastNotificationHString;
HSTRING ToastNotificationHString;
hr = WindowsCreateStringReference(
RuntimeClass_Windows_UI_Notifications_ToastNotification,
(UINT32)__wcslen(RuntimeClass_Windows_UI_Notifications_ToastNotification),
&header_ToastNotificationHString,
&ToastNotificationHString
);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("%s:%d:: WindowsCreateStringReferencen", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
goto exit4;
}
if (ToastNotificationHString == NULL)
{
printf("%s:%d:: ToastNotificationHString == NULLn", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
hr = E_POINTER;
goto exit4;
}
__x_ABI_CWindows_CUI_CNotifications_CIToastNotificationFactory* notifFactory = NULL;
hr = RoGetActivationFactory(
ToastNotificationHString,
&UIID_IToastNotificationFactory,
(LPVOID*)&notifFactory
);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("%s:%d:: RoGetActivationFactoryn", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
goto exit4;
}
__x_ABI_CWindows_CUI_CNotifications_CIToastNotification* toast = NULL;
hr = notifFactory->lpVtbl->CreateToastNotification(notifFactory, inputXml, &toast);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("%s:%d:: CreateToastNotificationn", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
goto exit5;
}
hr = notifier->lpVtbl->Show(notifier, toast);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("%s:%d:: Shown", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
goto exit6;
}
// We have to wait a bit for the COM threads to deliver the notification
// to the system, I think
// Don't know any better, yielding (Sleep(0)) is not enough
Sleep(1);
exit6:
toast->lpVtbl->Release(toast);
exit5:
notifFactory->lpVtbl->Release(notifFactory);
exit4:
notifier->lpVtbl->Release(notifier);
exit3:
toastStatics->lpVtbl->Release(toastStatics);
exit2:
inputXml->lpVtbl->Release(inputXml);
exit1:
RoUninitialize();
exit0:
Done(hr);
}

最新版本：https://gist.github.com/valinet/3283c79ba35fc8f103c747c8adbb6b23

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