我已经创建了一些依赖的python项目，其中包括open-cv。现在我想在docker映像中部署我的项目。为此，我在本地机器(运行Ubuntu 22.04)上创建了以下构建文件:
# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
FROM python:3.8-slim-buster
WORKDIR /app
COPY requirements.txt .
COPY main.py .
RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get install ffmpeg libsm6 libxext6 -y
RUN pip3 install -r requirements.txt
CMD python3 main.py
这些是我所有的要求:
numpy==1.23.4
opencv-python==4.6.0.66
matplotlib==3.6.1
Pillow==9.3.0
XlsxWriter==3.0.3
keyboard==0.13.5
在我的机器上使用
构建映像时docker build --rm -t dockerfile:latest .
一切正常。这个映像已经构建好了，我可以随心所欲地使用它。
现在我想在raspberry pi(运行Raspbian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye))上构建映像。我也尝试过FROM arm32v7/python:3.8-slim-buster，产生同样的结果。生成失败，并显示一条很长的错误消息:
Installing build dependencies: started
Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'error'
error: subprocess-exited-with-error
× pip subprocess to install build dependencies did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> [377 lines of output]
Ignoring numpy: markers 'python_version == "3.6" and platform_machine != "aarch64" and platform_machine != "arm64"' don't match your environment
Ignoring numpy: markers 'python_version == "3.7" and platform_machine != "aarch64" and platform_machine != "arm64"' don't match your environment
Ignoring numpy: markers 'python_version <= "3.9" and sys_platform == "linux" and platform_machine == "aarch64"' don't match your environment
Ignoring numpy: markers 'python_version <= "3.9" and sys_platform == "darwin" and platform_machine == "arm64"' don't match your environment
Ignoring numpy: markers 'python_version == "3.9" and platform_machine != "aarch64" and platform_machine != "arm64"' don't match your environment
Ignoring numpy: markers 'python_version >= "3.10"' don't match your environment
Collecting setuptools==59.2.0
Using cached setuptools-59.2.0-py3-none-any.whl (952 kB)
Collecting wheel==0.37.0
Using cached wheel-0.37.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (35 kB)
Collecting cmake>=3.1
Downloading cmake-3.25.0.tar.gz (33 kB)
Installing build dependencies: started
Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'done'
Getting requirements to build wheel: started
Getting requirements to build wheel: finished with status 'done'
Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml): started
Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml): finished with status 'done'
Collecting pip
Downloading pip-22.3.1-py3-none-any.whl (2.1 MB)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 2.1/2.1 MB 2.2 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting scikit-build>=0.13.2
Using cached scikit_build-0.16.2-py3-none-any.whl (78 kB)
Collecting numpy==1.17.3
Downloading numpy-1.17.3.zip (6.4 MB)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 6.4/6.4 MB 2.6 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Preparing metadata (setup.py): started
Preparing metadata (setup.py): finished with status 'done'
Collecting distro
Using cached distro-1.8.0-py3-none-any.whl (20 kB)
Collecting packaging
Using cached packaging-21.3-py3-none-any.whl (40 kB)
Collecting pyparsing!=3.0.5,>=2.0.2
Using cached pyparsing-3.0.9-py3-none-any.whl (98 kB)
Building wheels for collected packages: numpy, cmake
Building wheel for numpy (setup.py): started
Building wheel for numpy (setup.py): finished with status 'error'
error: subprocess-exited-with-error
× python setup.py bdist_wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> [263 lines of output]
Running from numpy source directory.
blas_opt_info:
blas_mkl_info:
customize UnixCCompiler
libraries mkl_rt not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
blis_info:
customize UnixCCompiler
libraries blis not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
openblas_info:
customize UnixCCompiler
customize UnixCCompiler
libraries openblas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
atlas_3_10_blas_threads_info:
Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
customize UnixCCompiler
libraries tatlas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
atlas_3_10_blas_info:
customize UnixCCompiler
libraries satlas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
atlas_blas_threads_info:
Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
customize UnixCCompiler
libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
atlas_blas_info:
customize UnixCCompiler
libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
accelerate_info:
NOT AVAILABLE
/tmp/pip-install-b1zdl1d3/numpy_c51059096ab144ca9ad2b38cd023e512/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:690: UserWarning:
Optimized (vendor) Blas libraries are not found.
Falls back to netlib Blas library which has worse performance.
A better performance should be easily gained by switching
Blas library.
self.calc_info()
blas_info:
customize UnixCCompiler
libraries blas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
/tmp/pip-install-b1zdl1d3/numpy_c51059096ab144ca9ad2b38cd023e512/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:690: UserWarning:
Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) libraries not found.
Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas]) or by setting
the BLAS environment variable.
self.calc_info()
blas_src_info:
NOT AVAILABLE
/tmp/pip-install-b1zdl1d3/numpy_c51059096ab144ca9ad2b38cd023e512/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:690: UserWarning:
Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) sources not found.
Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas_src]) or by setting
the BLAS_SRC environment variable.
self.calc_info()
NOT AVAILABLE
/bin/sh: 1: svnversion: not found
non-existing path in 'numpy/distutils': 'site.cfg'
lapack_opt_info:
lapack_mkl_info:
customize UnixCCompiler
libraries mkl_rt not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
openblas_lapack_info:
customize UnixCCompiler
customize UnixCCompiler
libraries openblas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
openblas_clapack_info:
customize UnixCCompiler
customize UnixCCompiler
libraries openblas,lapack not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
flame_info:
customize UnixCCompiler
libraries flame not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
atlas_3_10_threads_info:
Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
customize UnixCCompiler
libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/local/lib
customize UnixCCompiler
libraries tatlas,tatlas not found in /usr/local/lib
customize UnixCCompiler
libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/lib
customize UnixCCompiler
libraries tatlas,tatlas not found in /usr/lib
<class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_3_10_threads_info'>
NOT AVAILABLE
atlas_3_10_info:
customize UnixCCompiler
libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/local/lib
customize UnixCCompiler
libraries satlas,satlas not found in /usr/local/lib
customize UnixCCompiler
libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/lib
customize UnixCCompiler
libraries satlas,satlas not found in /usr/lib
<class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_3_10_info'>
NOT AVAILABLE
atlas_threads_info:
Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
customize UnixCCompiler
libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/local/lib
customize UnixCCompiler
libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in /usr/local/lib
customize UnixCCompiler
libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/lib
customize UnixCCompiler
libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib
<class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_threads_info'>
NOT AVAILABLE
atlas_info:
customize UnixCCompiler
libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/local/lib
customize UnixCCompiler
libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in /usr/local/lib
customize UnixCCompiler
libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/lib
customize UnixCCompiler
libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib
<class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_info'>
NOT AVAILABLE
lapack_info:
customize UnixCCompiler
libraries lapack not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
/tmp/pip-install-b1zdl1d3/numpy_c51059096ab144ca9ad2b38cd023e512/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1712: UserWarning:
Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) libraries not found.
Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack]) or by setting
the LAPACK environment variable.
if getattr(self, '_calc_info_{}'.format(lapack))():
lapack_src_info:
NOT AVAILABLE
/tmp/pip-install-b1zdl1d3/numpy_c51059096ab144ca9ad2b38cd023e512/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1712: UserWarning:
Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) sources not found.
Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack_src]) or by setting
the LAPACK_SRC environment variable.
if getattr(self, '_calc_info_{}'.format(lapack))():
NOT AVAILABLE
/usr/local/lib/python3.8/distutils/dist.py:274: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'define_macros'
warnings.warn(msg)
running bdist_wheel
running build
running config_cc
unifing config_cc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --compiler options
running config_fc
unifing config_fc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --fcompiler options
running build_src
build_src
building py_modules sources
creating build
creating build/src.linux-armv7l-3.8
creating build/src.linux-armv7l-3.8/numpy
creating build/src.linux-armv7l-3.8/numpy/distutils
building library "npymath" sources
get_default_fcompiler: matching types: '['gnu95', 'intel', 'lahey', 'pg', 'absoft', 'nag', 'vast', 'compaq', 'intele', 'intelem', 'gnu', 'g95', 'pathf95', 'nagfor']'
customize Gnu95FCompiler
Could not locate executable gfortran
Could not locate executable f95
customize IntelFCompiler
Could not locate executable ifort
Could not locate executable ifc
customize LaheyFCompiler
Could not locate executable lf95
customize PGroupFCompiler
Could not locate executable pgfortran
customize AbsoftFCompiler
Could not locate executable f90
Could not locate executable f77
customize NAGFCompiler
customize VastFCompiler
customize CompaqFCompiler
Could not locate executable fort
customize IntelItaniumFCompiler
Could not locate executable efort
Could not locate executable efc
customize IntelEM64TFCompiler
customize GnuFCompiler
Could not locate executable g77
customize G95FCompiler
Could not locate executable g95
customize PathScaleFCompiler
Could not locate executable pathf95
customize NAGFORCompiler
Could not locate executable nagfor
don't know how to compile Fortran code on platform 'posix'
C compiler: gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -fPIC
compile options: '-Inumpy/core/src/common -Inumpy/core/src -Inumpy/core -Inumpy/core/src/npymath -Inumpy/core/src/multiarray -Inumpy/core/src/umath -Inumpy/core/src/npysort -I/usr/local/include/python3.8 -c'
gcc: _configtest.c
failure.
removing: _configtest.c _configtest.o
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 2, in <module>
File "<pip-setuptools-caller>", line 34, in <module>
File "/tmp/pip-install-b1zdl1d3/numpy_c51059096ab144ca9ad2b38cd023e512/setup.py", line 443, in <module>
setup_package()
File "/tmp/pip-install-b1zdl1d3/numpy_c51059096ab144ca9ad2b38cd023e512/setup.py", line 435, in setup_package
setup(**metadata)
File "/tmp/pip-install-b1zdl1d3/numpy_c51059096ab144ca9ad2b38cd023e512/numpy/distutils/core.py", line 171, in setup
return old_setup(**new_attr)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/__init__.py", line 153, in setup
return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/distutils/core.py", line 148, in setup
dist.run_commands()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/distutils/dist.py", line 966, in run_commands
self.run_command(cmd)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/distutils/dist.py", line 985, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/wheel/bdist_wheel.py", line 325, in run
self.run_command("build")
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/distutils/cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
self.distribution.run_command(command)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/distutils/dist.py", line 985, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/tmp/pip-install-b1zdl1d3/numpy_c51059096ab144ca9ad2b38cd023e512/numpy/distutils/command/build.py", line 47, in run
old_build.run(self)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/distutils/command/build.py", line 135, in run
self.run_command(cmd_name)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/distutils/cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
self.distribution.run_command(command)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/distutils/dist.py", line 985, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/tmp/pip-install-b1zdl1d3/numpy_c51059096ab144ca9ad2b38cd023e512/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 142, in run
self.build_sources()
File "/tmp/pip-install-b1zdl1d3/numpy_c51059096ab144ca9ad2b38cd023e512/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 153, in build_sources
self.build_library_sources(*libname_info)
File "/tmp/pip-install-b1zdl1d3/numpy_c51059096ab144ca9ad2b38cd023e512/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 286, in build_library_sources
sources = self.generate_sources(sources, (lib_name, build_info))
File "/tmp/pip-install-b1zdl1d3/numpy_c51059096ab144ca9ad2b38cd023e512/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 369, in generate_sources
source = func(extension, build_dir)
File "numpy/core/setup.py", line 669, in get_mathlib_info
raise RuntimeError("Broken toolchain: cannot link a simple C program")
RuntimeError: Broken toolchain: cannot link a simple C program
[end of output]
note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
ERROR: Failed building wheel for numpy
Running setup.py clean for numpy
error: subprocess-exited-with-error
× python setup.py clean did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> [10 lines of output]
Running from numpy source directory.
`setup.py clean` is not supported, use one of the following instead:
- `git clean -xdf` (cleans all files)
- `git clean -Xdf` (cleans all versioned files, doesn't touch
files that aren't checked into the git repo)
Add `--force` to your command to use it anyway if you must (unsupported).
[end of output]
note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
ERROR: Failed cleaning build dir for numpy
Building wheel for cmake (pyproject.toml): started
Building wheel for cmake (pyproject.toml): finished with status 'error'
error: subprocess-exited-with-error
× Building wheel for cmake (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> [33 lines of output]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-q0a3b44q/overlay/lib/python3.8/site-packages/skbuild/setuptools_wrap.py", line 612, in setup
cmkr = cmaker.CMaker(cmake_executable)
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-q0a3b44q/overlay/lib/python3.8/site-packages/skbuild/cmaker.py", line 148, in __init__
self.cmake_version = get_cmake_version(self.cmake_executable)
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-q0a3b44q/overlay/lib/python3.8/site-packages/skbuild/cmaker.py", line 103, in get_cmake_version
raise SKBuildError(
=============================DEBUG ASSISTANCE=============================
If you are seeing a compilation error please try the following steps to
successfully install cmake:
1) Upgrade to the latest pip and try again. This will fix errors for most
users. See: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installing/#upgrading-pip
2) If on Linux, with glibc < 2.12, you can set PIP_ONLY_BINARY=cmake in
order to retrieve the last manylinux1 compatible wheel.
3) If on Linux, with glibc < 2.12, you can cap "cmake<3.23" in your
requirements in order to retrieve the last manylinux1 compatible wheel.
4) Open an issue with the debug information that follows at
https://github.com/scikit-build/cmake-python-distributions/issues
Python: 3.8.15
platform: Linux-5.15.32-v7l+-armv7l-with-glibc2.4
glibc: glibc 2.28
machine: armv7l
bits: 32
pip: n/a
setuptools: 65.6.3
scikit-build: 0.16.2
PEP517_BUILD_BACKEND=setuptools.build_meta
=============================DEBUG ASSISTANCE=============================
Problem with the CMake installation, aborting build. CMake executable is cmake
[end of output]
note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
ERROR: Failed building wheel for cmake
Failed to build numpy cmake
ERROR: Could not build wheels for cmake, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects
WARNING: You are using pip version 22.0.4; however, version 22.3.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the '/usr/local/bin/python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.
[end of output]
note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error
× pip subprocess to install build dependencies did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.
note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
WARNING: You are using pip version 22.0.4; however, version 22.3.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the '/usr/local/bin/python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.
我试着把我的图像建立在其他图像的基础上:
FROM ubuntu:22:04(另外安装python和pip)FROM python:3.9FROM python:3.8-bullseye
我也尝试过其他的python版本。这些不会给出错误，但当安装open-cv时，它会显示
Installing build dependencies: started
Installing build dependencies: still running...
同时重复后者(似乎没完没了，我让它运行了大约15分钟，没有任何改变)。
我也尝试添加以下内容(在研究stackoverflow之后):
RUN apt-get install lbhdf5-dev libhdf5-serial-dev libatlas-base-dev -y
没有任何结果。
我还尝试在本地机器上构建映像并将其加载到树莓上，在运行容器时产生以下错误消息:
The requested image's platform (linux/amd64) does not match the detected host platform (linux/arm/v7) and no specific platform was requested
exec /bin/sh: exec format error
提前感谢您的帮助。
我通过将树莓派升级到64位安装来解决这个问题。