如何在Django中创建用户时设置自定义UserModel字段值?

Question

我有一个自定义UserModel，其中CharField命名为pbc_id。我想把它设置成如下所示:

pbc_id = "PBC-" + str(user.pk)

换句话说，我想将新创建的用户的主键值附加在字符串"PBC-"的末尾。然后将此值赋给pbc_id字段。

我已经这样做了，但它只有在我使用终端创建superuser时才有效。但是当我使用Django管理界面创建一个普通用户时，它不起作用，pbc-id得到空值。

我的User模型如下:

class User(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):    
username = models.CharField(max_length=254, null=True, blank=True)
email = models.EmailField(max_length=254, unique=True)
first_name = models.CharField(max_length=254, null=True, blank=True)
last_name = models.CharField(max_length=254, null=True, blank=True)
pbc_id = models.CharField(max_length=254, null=True, blank=True)
is_staff = models.BooleanField(default=False)
is_superuser = models.BooleanField(default=False)
is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
is_candidate = models.BooleanField(default=False)
is_voter = models.BooleanField(default=False)
votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)
last_login = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)
date_joined = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
EMAIL_FIELD = 'email'
REQUIRED_FIELDS = []
objects = UserManager()
def get_absolute_url(self):
return "/users/%i/" % (self.pk)

我的UserManager类如下:

class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
def _create_user(self, email, password, is_staff, is_superuser, is_candidate, is_voter, **extra_fields):
if not email:
raise ValueError('Users must have an email address')
now = timezone.now()
email = self.normalize_email(email)
user = self.model(
username=email,
email=email,
is_staff=is_staff, 
is_active=True,
is_superuser=is_superuser, 
is_candidate=is_candidate,
is_voter=is_voter,
last_login=now,
date_joined=now, 
**extra_fields
)
user.set_password(password)
user.save(using=self._db)
user.pbc_id = "PBC-" + str(user.pk)
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
def create_user(self, email, password, **extra_fields):
user = self._create_user(email, password, False, False, False, False, **extra_fields)
user.pbc_id = "PBC-" + str(user.pk)
user.save(using=self._db)

return user

def create_superuser(self, email, password, **extra_fields):
user=self._create_user(email, password, True, True, False, False, **extra_fields)
return user

在admins.py中，我有UserAdmin类a:

class UserAdmin(BaseUserAdmin):
fieldsets = (
(None, {'fields': ('username', 'email', 'password', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'last_login')}),
('Permissions', {'fields': (
'is_active', 
'is_staff', 
'is_superuser',
'is_candidate',
'is_voter',
'groups', 
'user_permissions',
)}),
)
add_fieldsets = (
(
None,
{
'classes': ('wide',),
'fields': ('email', 'password1', 'password2')
}
),
)
list_display = ('username', 'email', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'pbc_id', 'is_staff', 'is_candidate', 'is_voter', 'last_login')
list_filter = ('is_staff', 'is_candidate', 'is_voter', 'is_superuser', 'is_active', 'groups')
search_fields = ('email',)
ordering = ('email',)
filter_horizontal = ('groups', 'user_permissions',)

Answer 1

经过几个小时的搜索，我想我找到了。您必须重写保存对象的保存方法(参见底部的def save_model())，然后分配"pbc_id"+ obj。Id到字段，然后obj.save()

也改变了这一点类UserAdmin (BaseUserAdmin):类UserAdmin (admin.ModelAdmin):

fieldsets = (
(None, {'fields': ('username', 'email', 'password', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'last_login','pbc_id')}),
('Permissions', {'fields': (
'is_active',
'is_staff',
'is_superuser',
'is_candidate',
'is_voter',
'groups',
'user_permissions',
)}),
)
add_fieldsets = (
(
None,
{
'classes': ('wide',),
'fields': ('email', 'password1', 'password2',)
}
),
)
list_display = ('username', 'email', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'pbc_id', 'is_staff', 'is_candidate', 'is_voter', 'last_login')
list_filter = ('is_staff', 'is_candidate', 'is_voter', 'is_superuser', 'is_active', 'groups')
search_fields = ('email',)
ordering = ('email',)
filter_horizontal = ('groups', 'user_permissions',)
def save_model(self, request, obj, form, change):
super().save_model(request, obj, form, change)
obj.pbc_id = "PBC-" + str(obj.pk)
obj.save()
admin.site.register(models.User, UserAdmin)