Java中的生产者-消费者多线程FIFO



社区,我试图用10个线程来解决这个生产者/消费者问题,但在实现它时遇到了困难。

问题看起来是这样的:

问题方案

程序本身在插入包含(id,timeout)的消息时应该有一个循环,按id(1,2,3,4…)升序排列,并且应该简单地按输入的顺序打印出消息的id,就像队列一样。

例如,在上面的照片中,3条消息Message(1200)、Message(21000)和Message(3,20)是生产者将产生的前3条消息。虽然应该首先打印被分配了Message(3,20)的线程(因为它的超时值(20)最低),但我希望它等待第一条超时为200ms的消息打印,然后再次等待1000ms的消息2打印,然后打印自己。所以都是按递增顺序排列的(也许用id作为订购号?)。

到目前为止,我已经实现了这个:

public class Main {
private static BlockingQueue<Message> queue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(5);
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
try {
producer();
} catch (InterruptedException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
});
Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
try {
consumer();
} catch (InterruptedException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
});
t1.start();
t2.start();
t1.join();
t2.join();
}
public static void producer() throws InterruptedException {
while (true) {
queue.put(new Message());
}
}
public static void consumer() throws InterruptedException {
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
executorService.submit(queue.take());
}
executorService.shutdown();
}
}

我在这里有我的消息类:

public class Message implements Runnable {
public static int totalIds = 0;
public int id;
public int timeout;
public Random random = new Random();
public Message() {
this.id = totalIds;
totalIds++;
this.timeout = random.nextInt(5000);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Message{" +
"id=" + id +
", timeout=" + timeout +
'}';
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "[RECEIVED] Message = " + toString());
try {
Thread.sleep(timeout);
} catch (InterruptedException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "[DONE] Message = " + toString() + "n");
}
}

到目前为止,它做的一切都很好,除了线程应该等待具有优先级id的线程的部分,比如说。。。这是输出的第一部分:

All tasks submitted
pool-1-thread-9[RECEIVED] Message = Message{id=13, timeout=1361}
pool-1-thread-10[RECEIVED] Message = Message{id=14, timeout=92}
pool-1-thread-3[RECEIVED] Message = Message{id=7, timeout=3155}
pool-1-thread-5[RECEIVED] Message = Message{id=9, timeout=562}
pool-1-thread-2[RECEIVED] Message = Message{id=6, timeout=4249}
pool-1-thread-1[RECEIVED] Message = Message{id=0, timeout=1909}
pool-1-thread-7[RECEIVED] Message = Message{id=11, timeout=2468}
pool-1-thread-4[RECEIVED] Message = Message{id=8, timeout=593}
pool-1-thread-8[RECEIVED] Message = Message{id=12, timeout=3701}
pool-1-thread-6[RECEIVED] Message = Message{id=10, timeout=806}
pool-1-thread-10[DONE] Message = Message{id=14, timeout=92}
pool-1-thread-10[RECEIVED] Message = Message{id=15, timeout=846}
pool-1-thread-5[DONE] Message = Message{id=9, timeout=562}
pool-1-thread-5[RECEIVED] Message = Message{id=16, timeout=81}
pool-1-thread-4[DONE] Message = Message{id=8, timeout=593}
pool-1-thread-4[RECEIVED] Message = Message{id=17, timeout=4481}
pool-1-thread-5[DONE] Message = Message{id=16, timeout=81}
pool-1-thread-5[RECEIVED] Message = Message{id=18, timeout=2434}
pool-1-thread-6[DONE] Message = Message{id=10, timeout=806}
pool-1-thread-6[RECEIVED] Message = Message{id=19, timeout=10}
pool-1-thread-6[DONE] Message = Message{id=19, timeout=10}
pool-1-thread-6[RECEIVED] Message = Message{id=20, timeout=3776}
pool-1-thread-10[DONE] Message = Message{id=15, timeout=846}
pool-1-thread-10[RECEIVED] Message = Message{id=21, timeout=2988}
pool-1-thread-9[DONE] Message = Message{id=13, timeout=1361}
pool-1-thread-9[RECEIVED] Message = Message{id=22, timeout=462}
pool-1-thread-9[DONE] Message = Message{id=22, timeout=462}
pool-1-thread-9[RECEIVED] Message = Message{id=23, timeout=3074}
pool-1-thread-1[DONE] Message = Message{id=0, timeout=1909}
pool-1-thread-1[RECEIVED] Message = Message{id=24, timeout=725}
pool-1-thread-7[DONE] Message = Message{id=11, timeout=2468}

我的一个朋友告诉我应该用信号量来实现(从来没有用过),但我真的不知道如何实现信号量,让它们做我想做的事。

感谢任何解决此问题的线索!

据我所知,您需要两样东西:

  1. 一起启动所有生产者的工作线程,并让它们并行运行,但是
  2. 等待线程按FIFO顺序完成(根据它们的创建id)

因此,您可以一个接一个地启动线程,以便让它们并行运行,但也可以通过升序id维护FIFO队列,并且只为添加到该队列的序列中的每个线程join

这里有一个关于如何做到这一点的演示代码:

import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
public class Main {

private static class Message implements Runnable {
private final TimeUnit sleepUnit;
private final long sleepAmount;
private final int id;

public Message(final int id,
final TimeUnit sleepUnit,
final long sleepAmount) {
this.sleepUnit = Objects.requireNonNull(sleepUnit);
this.sleepAmount = sleepAmount;
this.id = id;
}

@Override
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(toString() + " started and waiting...");
sleepUnit.sleep(sleepAmount);
}
catch (final InterruptedException ix) {
System.out.println(toString() + " interrupted: " + ix);
}
}

@Override
public String toString() {
return "Message{" + id + ", " + sleepUnit + "(" + sleepAmount + ")}";
}
}

private static class Producer {

private final int parallelism;
private final Consumer<? super Producer> consumer;

public Producer(final int parallelism,
final Consumer<? super Producer> consumer) {
this.parallelism = parallelism;
this.consumer = Objects.requireNonNull(consumer);
}

public void produceWithExecutor() {
System.out.println("Producing with Executor...");
final Random rand = new Random();
final ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(parallelism);
final LinkedList<Future> q = new LinkedList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < parallelism; ++i) {
final Message msg = new Message(i, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, 500 + rand.nextInt(3000));
q.addLast(service.submit(msg, msg));
}
service.shutdown();
while (!q.isEmpty())
try {
System.out.println(q.removeFirst().get().toString() + " joined."); //Will wait for completion of each submitted task (in FIFO sequence).
}
catch (final InterruptedException ix) {
System.out.println("Interrupted: " + ix);
}
catch (final ExecutionException xx) {
System.out.println("Execution failed: " + xx);
}
consumer.accept(this);
}

public void produceWithPlainThreads() throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println("Producing with Threads...");
final Random rand = new Random();
final LinkedList<Thread> q = new LinkedList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < parallelism; ++i) {
final Message msg = new Message(i, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, 500 + rand.nextInt(3000));
final Thread t = new Thread(msg, msg.toString());
t.start();
q.add(t);
}
while (!q.isEmpty()) {
final Thread t = q.removeFirst();
t.join(); //Will wait for completion of each submitted task (in FIFO sequence).
System.out.println(t.getName() + " joined.");
}
consumer.accept(this);
}
}

public static void main(final String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
final Consumer<Producer> consumer = producer -> System.out.println("Consuming.");
final int parallelism = 10;
new Producer(parallelism, consumer).produceWithExecutor();
new Producer(parallelism, consumer).produceWithPlainThreads();
}
}

正如您所看到的,这里有两种生产实现:一种是ExecutorService运行所有提交的线程,另一种是(几乎)同时启动的普通线程。

这导致了这样的输出:

使用Executor制作
消息{1,MILLISECONDS(692)}已启动并正在等待
消息{2,MILLISECONDS(1126)}已启动并正在等待
消息{0,MILLISECONDS(3403)}已启动并正在等待
消息{3,MILLISECONDS(1017)}已启动并正在等待
消息{4,MILLISECONDS(2861)}已启动并正在等待
消息{5,MILLISECONDS(2735)}已启动并正在等待
消息{6,MILLISECONDS(2068)}已启动并正在等待
消息{七千万秒(947)}已启动并正在等待
消息{8,MILLISECONDS(1091)}已启动并正在等待
消息{9,MILLISECONDS(1599)}已启动并正在等待
消息{0,MILLISECONDS(3403)}已加入
消息{1,MILLISECONDS(692)}已加入
消息{2,MILLISECONDS(1126)}已加入
消息{3,MILLISECONDS(1017)}已加入
消息{4,MILLISECONDS(2861)}已加入
消息{5,MILLISECONDS(2735)}已加入
消息{6,MILLISECONDS(2068)}已加入
消息{七千万秒(947)}已加入
消息{89000000秒(1091)}已加入
消息{9,MILLISECONDS(1599)}已加入
消耗
使用线程进行生产
消息{0,MILLISECONDS(3182)}已启动并正在等待
消息{1,MILLISECONDS(2271)}已启动并正在等待
消息{2,MILLISECONDS(2861)}已启动并正在等待
消息{3,MILLISECONDS(2942)}已启动并正在等待
消息{4,MILLISECONDS(2714)}已启动并正在等待
消息{5,MILLISECONDS(1228)}已启动并正在等待
消息{6,MILLISECONDS(2000)}已启动并正在等待
消息{七千万秒(2372)}已启动并正在等待
消息{8,MILLISECONDS(764)}已启动并正在等待
消息{9,MILLISECONDS(587)}已启动并正在等待
消息{0,MILLISECONDS(3182)}已加入
消息{1,MILLISECONDS(2271)}已加入
消息{2,MILLISECONDS(2861)}已加入
消息{3,MILLISECONDS(2942)}已加入
消息{4,MILLISECONDS(2714)}已加入
消息{5,MILLISECONDS(1228)}已加入
消息{600万秒(2000)}已加入
消息{七千万秒(2372)}已加入
消息{8000万秒(764)}已加入
消息{900万秒(587)}已加入
消耗。

您可以在输出中看到,在这两种情况下,线程都是通过循环(几乎)一起启动的,但是以FIFO顺序连接的。在第一种情况下,您可以看到线程可能以不同的顺序启动,这是启动线程本身的副作用。在普通线程的第二种情况下,所有线程都按照创建和启动它们的顺序调用了它们的run方法,因为这会在很短的时间内发生。但是,根据此代码,每个线程的连接将始终按照id升序进行。如果您多次运行此代码,在这两种情况下,您都可以实现线程eg 2在其运行方法中打印在线程eg 1之前,但我们在Producer的方法中等待线程完成的顺序将始终以升序结束。

所有线程都应该按睡眠升序退出/完成其run方法,而不是按id升序。但是,由于我们对队列进行迭代并以有序的方式等待它们到达join,因此输出将始终按升序排列。

因此,如果您想以升序获得每个Thread的结果,那么相应的代码必须在Producer的product方法中(在每个线程join之后),并且在每个Messagerun方法的末尾而不是(以避免额外的同步和线程间通信)。

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