如何在这段C代码中定义全局变量



我正在上CS50课程,我在Tideman投票系统的习题集3中遇到了这个问题。我的问题不是关于算法本身,而是变量ranks,它只在main函数中定义。

对于解决方案,您只能更新TODO函数,而不能更新其他函数。此外,作为解决方案的一部分,ranks阵列必须在vote函数内更新。我的问题是了解如何从另一个函数访问变量,当它不是全局定义?

#include <cs50.h>
#include <stdio.h>
// Max number of candidates
#define MAX 9
// preferences[i][j] is number of voters who prefer i over j
int preferences[MAX][MAX];
// locked[i][j] means i is locked in over j
bool locked[MAX][MAX];
// Each pair has a winner, loser
typedef struct
{
int winner;
int loser;
}
pair;
// Array of candidates
string candidates[MAX];
pair pairs[MAX * (MAX - 1) / 2];
int pair_count;
int candidate_count;
// Function prototypes
bool vote(int rank, string name, int ranks[]);
void record_preferences(int ranks[]);
void add_pairs(void);
void sort_pairs(void);
void lock_pairs(void);
void print_winner(void);
int main(int argc, string argv[])
{
// Check for invalid usage
if (argc < 2)
{
printf("Usage: tideman [candidate ...]n");
return 1;
}
// Populate array of candidates
candidate_count = argc - 1;
if (candidate_count > MAX)
{
printf("Maximum number of candidates is %in", MAX);
return 2;
}
for (int i = 0; i < candidate_count; i++)
{
candidates[i] = argv[i + 1];
}
// Clear graph of locked in pairs
for (int i = 0; i < candidate_count; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < candidate_count; j++)
{
locked[i][j] = false;
}
}
pair_count = 0;
int voter_count = get_int("Number of voters: ");
// Query for votes
for (int i = 0; i < voter_count; i++)
{
// ranks[i] is voter's ith preference
int ranks[candidate_count];
// Query for each rank
for (int j = 0; j < candidate_count; j++)
{
string name = get_string("Rank %i: ", j + 1);
if (!vote(j, name, ranks))
{
printf("Invalid vote.n");
return 3;
}
}
record_preferences(ranks);
printf("n");
}
add_pairs();
sort_pairs();
lock_pairs();
print_winner();
return 0;
}
// Update ranks given a new vote
bool vote(int rank, string name, int ranks[])
{
// TODO

return false;
}
// Update preferences given one voter's ranks
void record_preferences(int ranks[])
{
// TODO
return;
}
// Record pairs of candidates where one is preferred over the other
void add_pairs(void)
{
// TODO
return;
}
// Sort pairs in decreasing order by strength of victory
void sort_pairs(void)
{
// TODO
return;
}
// Lock pairs into the candidate graph in order, without creating cycles
void lock_pairs(void)
{
// TODO
return;
}
// Print the winner of the election
void print_winner(void)
{
// TODO
return;
}

当传递数组作为函数参数时,它是通过引用传递的而不是通过复制传递的。因此,当您访问vote()中的ranks时,您正在访问main()中的数组实例。