有没有一种标准的方法可以将依赖版本声明为Gradle中的变量，然后在依赖块中引用

Question

我对Gradle还很陌生，所以我想检查一下在一个单一的地方声明所有依赖版本的推荐Gradle等价物是什么，就像Maven的properties标签一样

示例pom.xml-

<properties>
<java.version>11</java.version>
<spring.version>5.0.5.RELEASE</spring.version>
<lombok.version>1.18.6</lombok.version>
<logback.version>1.2.3</logback.version>
...
</properties>
...
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>${lombok.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>${logback.version}</version>
</dependency>

到目前为止，我在Gradle 中遇到了以下方法来实现同样的目的

1. 将它们声明为build.gradle中buildscript块中ext块的一部分
   
   示例build.gradle-

   buildscript {
   ext {
   LOMBOK_VERSION = '1.18.6'
   JUNIT_VERSION = '5.5.2'
   MOCKITO_VERSION = '3.1.0'
   SPRING_BOOT_VERSION = '2.2.4.RELEASE'
   SWAGGER_VERSION = '2.9.2'
   }
   }
   ...
   dependencies {
   compileOnly "org.projectlombok:lombok:$LOMBOK_VERSION"
   implementation "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter:$SPRING_BOOT_VERSION"
   implementation "io.springfox:springfox-swagger-ui:$SWAGGER_VERSION"
   implementation "io.springfox:springfox-swagger2:$SWAGGER_VERSION"
   testImplementation "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test:$SPRING_BOOT_VERSION"
   testImplementation "org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:$JUNIT_VERSION"
   testIimplementation "org.mockito:mockito-junit-jupiter:$MOCKITO_VERSION"
   runtimeOnly "org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:$JUNIT_VERSION"
   }
   

2. 将它们声明为根级中ext块的一部分

   ext {
   LOMBOK_VERSION = '1.18.6'
   JUNIT_VERSION = '5.5.2'
   MOCKITO_VERSION = '3.1.0'
   SPRING_BOOT_VERSION = '2.2.4.RELEASE'
   SWAGGER_VERSION = '2.9.2'
   }
   ...
   dependencies {
   compileOnly "org.projectlombok:lombok:$LOMBOK_VERSION"
   implementation "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter:$SPRING_BOOT_VERSION"
   implementation "io.springfox:springfox-swagger-ui:$SWAGGER_VERSION"
   implementation "io.springfox:springfox-swagger2:$SWAGGER_VERSION"
   testImplementation "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test:$SPRING_BOOT_VERSION"
   testImplementation "org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:$JUNIT_VERSION"
   testIimplementation "org.mockito:mockito-junit-jupiter:$MOCKITO_VERSION"
   runtimeOnly "org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:$JUNIT_VERSION"
   }
   

3. 使用def将它们声明为dependencies块本身中的局部变量

   ...
   dependencies {
   def LOMBOK_VERSION = '1.18.6'
   def JUNIT_VERSION = '5.5.2'
   def MOCKITO_VERSION = '3.1.0'
   def SPRING_BOOT_VERSION = '2.2.4.RELEASE'
   def SWAGGER_VERSION = '2.9.2'
   compileOnly "org.projectlombok:lombok:$LOMBOK_VERSION" 
   implementation "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter:$SPRING_BOOT_VERSION" 
   implementation "io.springfox:springfox-swagger-ui:$SWAGGER_VERSION"      
   implementation "io.springfox:springfox-swagger2:$SWAGGER_VERSION" 
   testImplementation "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test:$SPRING_BOOT_VERSION" 
   testImplementation "org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:$JUNIT_VERSION" 
   testIimplementation "org.mockito:mockito-junit-jupiter:$MOCKITO_VERSION" 
   runtimeOnly "org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:$JUNIT_VERSION" 
   }
   

4. 在gradle.properties文件中声明它们

   org.gradle.caching=true
   org.gradle.jvmargs=-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8
   org.gradle.parallel=true
   # Dependency versions
   lombokVersion=1.18.12 
   junitVersion=5.5.2 
   mockitoVersion=3.1.0 
   springBootVersion=2.2.4.RELEASE 
   swaggerVersion=2.9.2
   

我不确定哪一个是首选，哪一个应该避免(如果有的话(？

Answer 1

选择是主观的，强制执行取决于个人编码风格或代码格式规则。

就个人而言，
version数字是"代码"-它们在dependencies和/或plugins中是必需的

gradle.properties不是地方-因为它的目的不是编码本身
选项2,3(ext，在dependencies中(在plugins中不可见

buildscript块支持全局声明，但与新的plugins样式一起使用不多

我在依赖项中声明了plugins和ext中的硬编码版本号。