这是我的终端显示的内容。
user@Users-MacBook-Pro palindrome_app % bundle exec rake test
/Users/user/.rbenv/versions/3.0.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/gems/mustermann-1.1.1/lib/mustermann.rb:73:in `new': Hash can't be coerced into Mustermann::Pattern (TypeError)
from /Users/user/.rbenv/versions/3.0.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/gems/mustermann-1.1.1/lib/mustermann.rb:70:in `block in new'
from /Users/user/.rbenv/versions/3.0.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/gems/mustermann-1.1.1/lib/mustermann.rb:70:in `map'
from /Users/user/.rbenv/versions/3.0.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/gems/mustermann-1.1.1/lib/mustermann.rb:70:in `new'
from /Users/user/.rbenv/versions/3.0.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/gems/sinatra-2.0.3/lib/sinatra/base.rb:1641:in `compile'
from /Users/user/.rbenv/versions/3.0.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/gems/sinatra-2.0.3/lib/sinatra/base.rb:1629:in `compile!'
from /Users/user/.rbenv/versions/3.0.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/gems/sinatra-2.0.3/lib/sinatra/base.rb:1271:in `error'
from /Users/user/.rbenv/versions/3.0.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/gems/sinatra-2.0.3/lib/sinatra/base.rb:1839:in `<class:Base>'
from /Users/user/.rbenv/versions/3.0.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/gems/sinatra-2.0.3/lib/sinatra/base.rb:894:in `<module:Sinatra>'
from /Users/user/.rbenv/versions/3.0.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/gems/sinatra-2.0.3/lib/sinatra/base.rb:22:in `<top (required)>'
from /Users/user/.rbenv/versions/3.0.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/gems/sinatra-2.0.3/lib/sinatra/main.rb:1:in `require'
from /Users/user/.rbenv/versions/3.0.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/gems/sinatra-2.0.3/lib/sinatra/main.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
from /Users/user/.rbenv/versions/3.0.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/gems/sinatra-2.0.3/lib/sinatra.rb:1:in `require'
from /Users/user/.rbenv/versions/3.0.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/gems/sinatra-2.0.3/lib/sinatra.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
from /Users/user/Desktop/repos/palindrome_app/app.rb:1:in `require'
from /Users/user/Desktop/repos/palindrome_app/app.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
from /Users/user/Desktop/repos/palindrome_app/test/test_helper.rb:3:in `require_relative'
from /Users/user/Desktop/repos/palindrome_app/test/test_helper.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
from /Users/user/Desktop/repos/palindrome_app/test/site_pages_test.rb:1:in `require_relative'
from /Users/user/Desktop/repos/palindrome_app/test/site_pages_test.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
from /Users/user/.rbenv/versions/3.0.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/gems/rake-13.0.3/lib/rake/rake_test_loader.rb:17:in `require'
from /Users/user/.rbenv/versions/3.0.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/gems/rake-13.0.3/lib/rake/rake_test_loader.rb:17:in `block in <main>'
from /Users/user/.rbenv/versions/3.0.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/gems/rake-13.0.3/lib/rake/rake_test_loader.rb:5:in `select'
from /Users/user/.rbenv/versions/3.0.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/gems/rake-13.0.3/lib/rake/rake_test_loader.rb:5:in `<main>'
rake aborted!
Command failed with status (1)
/Users/user/.rbenv/versions/3.0.0/bin/bundle:23:in `load'
/Users/user/.rbenv/versions/3.0.0/bin/bundle:23:in `<main>'
Tasks: TOP => test
(See full trace by running task with --trace)
tl；dr：将sinatra升级至2.1.0版本(或者，将ruby降级为v2.7。(
您正在运行旧的gem版本(特别是sinatra v2.0.3(，以及最新版本的ruby(v3.0.0(。这样做可能会遇到各种兼容性问题，因为这些库中可能缺少关键的ruby 3.0兼容性更新。
在sinatra变更日志中，有各种关于ruby 2.7+关键字弃用修复的提及。
具体来说，这个错误：
gems/3.0.0/gems/sinatra-2.0.3/lib/sinatra/base.rb:1629:in `compile!'
此PR中的此更改已修复，该PR作为sinatrav2.0.8的一部分发货。此外，作为v2.1.0版本的一部分，还添加了其他修复程序。