Haskell:试图呈现文本时出现光泽错误

Question

我正在尝试运行此示例：https://raw.githubusercontent.com/elisehuard/game-in-haskell/master/src/Shapes.hs

但我得到了错误"freeglut error:函数调用时没有首先调用'glutInit'。">

我设法将问题隔离到第39行："颜色(亮品红色($translate 0(-100($scale 0.2$text"Boo！">

当我把它改为："颜色(亮品红色($翻译0(-100($刻度0.2 0.2$空白

它运行良好。

我正在linux mint 19上工作；光泽版本1.13.0.1；光泽渲染1.13.0.2。

---

克隆光泽、构建并将新的克隆库添加到我的堆栈之后

malki@Hood:~/Projects/TstP$ stack build
TstP-0.1.0.0: build (lib + exe)
gloss-1.13.0.1: build (lib)
Completed 2 action(s).
Log files have been written to: /home/malki/Projects/TstP/.stack-work/logs/
--  While building package TstP-0.1.0.0 using:
/home/malki/.stack/setup-exe-cache/x86_64-linux/Cabal-simple_mPHDZzAJ_2.2.0.1_ghc-8.4.4 --builddir=.stack-work/dist/x86_64-linux/Cabal-2.2.0.1 build lib:TstP exe:TstP-exe --ghc-options " -ddump-hi -ddump-to-file"
Process exited with code: ExitFailure 1
Logs have been written to: /home/malki/Projects/TstP/.stack-work/logs/TstP-0.1.0.0.log
Preprocessing library for TstP-0.1.0.0..
Building library for TstP-0.1.0.0..
Preprocessing executable 'TstP-exe' for TstP-0.1.0.0..
Building executable 'TstP-exe' for TstP-0.1.0.0..
[1 of 2] Compiling Main             ( app/Main.hs, .stack-work/dist/x86_64-linux/Cabal-2.2.0.1/build/TstP-exe/TstP-exe-tmp/Main.o )

/home/malki/Projects/TstP/app/Main.hs:5:1: error:
Could not find module ‘Graphics.UI.GLFW’
It is not a module in the current program, or in any known package.
|
5 | import "GLFW-b" Graphics.UI.GLFW as GLFW
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

/home/malki/Projects/TstP/app/Main.hs:6:1: error:
Could not find module ‘Graphics.Gloss’
Use -v to see a list of the files searched for.
|
6 | import Graphics.Gloss
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

/home/malki/Projects/TstP/app/Main.hs:7:1: error:
Could not find module ‘Graphics.Gloss.Rendering’
Use -v to see a list of the files searched for.
|
7 | import Graphics.Gloss.Rendering
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

/home/malki/Projects/TstP/app/Main.hs:8:1: error:
Could not find module ‘Graphics.Gloss.Data.Color’
Use -v to see a list of the files searched for.
|
8 | import Graphics.Gloss.Data.Color
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

/home/malki/Projects/TstP/app/Main.hs:9:1: error:
Could not find module ‘Graphics.Gloss.Data.Picture’
Use -v to see a list of the files searched for.
|
9 | import Graphics.Gloss.Data.Picture
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
--  While building package gloss-1.13.0.1 using:
/home/malki/.stack/setup-exe-cache/x86_64-linux/Cabal-simple_mPHDZzAJ_2.2.0.1_ghc-8.4.4 --builddir=.stack-work/dist/x86_64-linux/Cabal-2.2.0.1 build lib:gloss --ghc-options " -ddump-hi -ddump-to-file"
Process exited with code: ExitFailure 1
Logs have been written to: /home/malki/Projects/TstP/.stack-work/logs/gloss-1.13.0.1.log
Preprocessing library for gloss-1.13.0.1..
Building library for gloss-1.13.0.1..
[ 1 of 44] Compiling Graphics.Gloss.Data.Bitmap ( Graphics/Gloss/Data/Bitmap.hs, .stack-work/dist/x86_64-linux/Cabal-2.2.0.1/build/Graphics/Gloss/Data/Bitmap.o ) [Graphics.Gloss.Rendering changed]

/home/malki/Projects/TstP/gloss/gloss/Graphics/Gloss/Data/Bitmap.hs:15:1: error:
Could not find module ‘Graphics.Gloss.Rendering’
There are files missing in the ‘gloss-rendering-1.13.0.2’ package,
try running 'ghc-pkg check'.
Use -v to see a list of the files searched for.
|
15 | import Graphics.Gloss.Rendering
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
malki@Hood:~/Projects/TstP$

这些模块作为全局模块存在(在这个堆栈目录之外编译(。但是，它们不存在于光泽克隆中。

malki@Hood:~/Projects/TstP/gloss/gloss$ find ./Graphics
./Graphics
./Graphics/Gloss
./Graphics/Gloss/Geometry
./Graphics/Gloss/Geometry/Angle.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Geometry/Line.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Geometry.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Interface
./Graphics/Gloss/Interface/Pure
./Graphics/Gloss/Interface/Pure/Simulate.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Interface/Pure/Animate.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Interface/Pure/Game.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Interface/Pure/Display.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Interface/IO
./Graphics/Gloss/Interface/IO/Simulate.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Interface/IO/Animate.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Interface/IO/Interact.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Interface/IO/Game.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Interface/IO/Display.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Interface/Environment.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Data
./Graphics/Gloss/Data/Vector.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Data/Point.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Data/ViewState.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Data/ViewPort.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Data/Color.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Data/Point
./Graphics/Gloss/Data/Point/Arithmetic.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Data/Bitmap.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Data/Controller.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Data/Picture.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Data/Display.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Internals
./Graphics/Gloss/Internals/Color.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Internals/Interface
./Graphics/Gloss/Internals/Interface/Common
./Graphics/Gloss/Internals/Interface/Common/Exit.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Internals/Interface/Event.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Internals/Interface/ViewState
./Graphics/Gloss/Internals/Interface/ViewState/KeyMouse.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Internals/Interface/ViewState/Motion.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Internals/Interface/ViewState/Reshape.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Internals/Interface/Simulate
./Graphics/Gloss/Internals/Interface/Simulate/Idle.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Internals/Interface/Simulate/State.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Internals/Interface/Simulate.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Internals/Interface/Backend
./Graphics/Gloss/Internals/Interface/Backend/GLFW.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Internals/Interface/Backend/GLUT.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Internals/Interface/Backend/Types.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Internals/Interface/Backend.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Internals/Interface/Animate.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Internals/Interface/Callback.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Internals/Interface/Interact.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Internals/Interface/Animate
./Graphics/Gloss/Internals/Interface/Animate/Timing.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Internals/Interface/Animate/State.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Internals/Interface/Debug.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Internals/Interface/Game.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Internals/Interface/Window.hs
./Graphics/Gloss/Internals/Interface/Display.hs
./Graphics/Gloss.hs
malki@Hood:~/Projects/TstP/gloss/gloss$

本地Graphic分支不应该覆盖现有分支吗？它似乎试图完全取代它。

---

请告知！

干杯！

Answer 1

Gloss被编译为使用GLFW或GLUT运行-请参阅Backend.hs:

#ifdef WITHGLUT
defaultBackendState :: GLUTState
#elif  WITHGLFW
defaultBackendState :: GLFWState
#else
#error No default backend defined
#endif

CCD_ 2和CCD_ 3是在构建包时指定的编译时标志。你试图手动运行的代码设置了一个GLFW窗口，然后使用光泽来渲染：看起来你使用的光泽被编译为使用GLUT而不是GLFW，所以手动完成的设置是不够的。

---

您需要重新编译光泽以使用GLFW:

git clone https://github.com/benl23x5/gloss
cd gloss
stack build --flag gloss:glfw --flag gloss:-glut

您可能需要调整构建文件以修复构建过程中的错误：stack非常善于解释您需要修复的内容。我不得不：

• 将GLFW-b-1.4.8.4@sha256:2d10594c5cfa9d5178596eb6a18106a1318409e47a4108bfe91b89d80684638e添加到stack.yaml的extra-deps
• 将Graphics.Gloss.Internals.Interface.Backend.GLUT添加到gloss.cabal中的Other-modules

然后，您可以修改要运行的示例的构建文件，以使stack使用您的本地版本的包，如下所述。