我的文件1如下所示：
############# IMPORTANT ################
########################################
# more comments
# more comments 2
# values 1
#######################
export VALUE_IMPORTANT_1=10 # comments
export VALUE_IMPORTANT_2=40 # comments
# values 2
######################
export SIMPLE_RULE=222
export IMPORTANT_RUN_COMMAND=190
# values 3
#################
export COMMAND_EXEC=3
export NUMBER_STORED=3
我的文件2看起来像这样：
############# IMPORTANT ################
########################################
# more comments
# more comments 2
# values 1
#######################
export VALUE_IMPORTANT_1=5 # comments
export VALUE_IMPORTANT_2=8 # comments
export VALUE_IMPORTANT_3=2 # comments
export VALUE_IMPORTANT_4=2 # comments
# values 2
######################
export SIMPLE_RULE=45
export IMPORTANT_RUN_COMMAND=2
export COMMANDER=45
# values 3
#################
export COMMAND_EXEC=2
export NUMBER_STORED=5
export RUN_ONLY_ONCE=0
# values 4
##############
export NEW_VALUE=5
我想要的是只复制文件1中不存在的变量，但如果文件2中的值与文件1中的值不同，则不更改值
所以我想要的最后一个文件是：
############# IMPORTANT ################
########################################
# more comments
# more comments 2
# values 1
#######################
export VALUE_IMPORTANT_1=10 # comments
export VALUE_IMPORTANT_2=40 # comments
export VALUE_IMPORTANT_3=2 # comments
export VALUE_IMPORTANT_4=2 # comments
# values 2
######################
export SIMPLE_RULE=222
export IMPORTANT_RUN_COMMAND=190
export COMMANDER=45
# values 3
#################
export COMMAND_EXEC=3
export NUMBER_STORED=3
export RUN_ONLY_ONCE=0
# values 4
##############
export NEW_VALUE=5
有没有一种方法可以在bash或python中做到这一点？
这个简单的脚本将合并文件，但它不会保持注释和变量的顺序。这是一个输出示例：
export VALUE_IMPORTANT_1=10
export VALUE_IMPORTANT_2=40
export SIMPLE_RULE=222
export IMPORTANT_RUN_COMMAND=190
export COMMAND_EXEC=3
export NUMBER_STORED=3
export VALUE_IMPORTANT_3=2
export VALUE_IMPORTANT_4=2
export COMMANDER=45
export RUN_ONLY_ONCE=0
export NEW_VALUE=5
脚本：
def get_file_values(file):
with open(file) as f:
f_lines = f.readlines()
# Remove comments and empty lines
values = filter(lambda el: not el.startswith("#") and el.strip(), f_lines)
# Keep only vars values
key_value_list = map(lambda el: el.strip().split("#")[0].replace("export ", "").split("="), values)
# Return vars dict
return {k: v for k, v in key_value_list}
# Load files
file_1_vars = get_file_values("file1")
file_2_vars = get_file_values("file2")
# Check vars
keys_1 = file_1_vars.keys()
for key, value in file_2_vars.items():
if key not in keys_1:
file_1_vars[key] = value
# Write output
with open("file3", "w") as out:
out.write("n".join(f"export {key}={value}" for key, value in file_1_vars.items()))
编辑：保持可变顺序和块划分
代码看起来有点乱，但它完成了任务，看看它的输出。
def get_file_values(file):
with open(file) as f:
f_lines = f.readlines()
max_f_lines = len(f_lines)
i = 0
var_blocks = {}
while i < max_f_lines - 2:
# Check if next occurrences contains a variables block
if f_lines[i].startswith("# ") and f_lines[i + 1].startswith("##") and f_lines[i + 2].startswith("export"):
block = f_lines[i][2:].strip()
var_blocks[block] = {}
i += 2
# Add variables to block
while i < max_f_lines and f_lines[i].startswith("export"):
# Remove n and comment. Then remove export and split var name and value
key_value = f_lines[i].strip().split("#")[0].replace("export ", "").split("=")
# Remove any whitespace if still present
key = key_value[0].strip()
value = key_value[1].strip()
# Populate var_blocks
var_blocks[block][key] = value
i += 1
else:
i += 1
# At this point we return a dictionary divided per block like:
# {'values 1': {'VALUE_IMPORTANT_1': '10', 'VALUE_IMPORTANT_2': '40'},
# 'values 2': {'SIMPLE_RULE': '222', 'IMPORTANT_RUN_COMMAND': '190'},
# 'values 3': {'COMMAND_EXEC': '3', 'NUMBER_STORED': '3'}}
return var_blocks
# Load files variables
file_1_vars = get_file_values("file1")
file_2_vars = get_file_values("file2")
# Get keys
keys_1 = file_1_vars.keys()
keys_2 = file_2_vars.keys()
# Initialize new file vars and start merge
new_file_vars = {}
for key in keys_1:
new_file_vars[key] = {}
for k, v in file_1_vars[key].items():
new_file_vars[key][k] = v
# Check if key is also in file2
if key in file_2_vars:
already_added_keys = new_file_vars[key].keys()
for k, v in file_2_vars[key].items():
# Add the value only if it isn't already present in file1
if k not in already_added_keys:
new_file_vars[key][k] = v
# Finally, add all keys that are present in the second file but not in the first
for key in keys_2:
if key not in keys_1:
new_file_vars[key] = {}
for k, v in file_2_vars[key].items():
new_file_vars[key][k] = v
# Write output
with open("file3", "w") as out:
out.write("############# IMPORTANT ################n"
"########################################nn")
for key in new_file_vars.keys():
out.write(f"# {key}n{'#' * 40}n")
for k, v in new_file_vars[key].items():
out.write(f"export {k}={v}n")
out.write("n") # Leave a blank line after a block
输出文件：
############# IMPORTANT ################
########################################
# values 1
########################################
export VALUE_IMPORTANT_1=10
export VALUE_IMPORTANT_2=40
export VALUE_IMPORTANT_3=2
export VALUE_IMPORTANT_4=2
# values 2
########################################
export SIMPLE_RULE=222
export IMPORTANT_RUN_COMMAND=190
export COMMANDER=45
# values 3
########################################
export COMMAND_EXEC=3
export NUMBER_STORED=3
export RUN_ONLY_ONCE=0
# values 4
########################################
export NEW_VALUE=5
我最终得到了一个自己创建的bash脚本。
# Define files locations
file1Name="file1"
file2Name="file2"
# Set current date for backup hours-minutes-seconds_month-day-year
currentDate=$(date +"%H-%M-%S_%m-%d-%Y")
# Create backup of the original file
backupLocationFile="file1_${currentDate}"
cp ${file1Name} ${backupLocationFile}
# Overwrite existing file with the new one
cp ${file2Name} ${file1Name}
while read -r line; do
# If line is not a statement like variableName=variableValue or it is a comment, or it is empty - continue
if [[ "$line" == "#"* || "$line" != *"="* || -z "$line" ]]; then
continue
fi
# Get variable name/value from line
variableName=$(echo $line | cut -d '=' -f 1 | sed -s 's/export//g' | awk '{print $1}')
variableValue=$(echo $line | cut -d '=' -f 2 | awk '{print $1}')
# If variable name exists on the existing file, adjust values accordingly
if grep -q "$variableName" ${file1Name}; then
if [[ "$line" == *"#"* ]]; then
# Keep old value but if there are comments after the value keep it as well
sed -i "s/.*${variableName}.*#/export ${variableName}=${variableValue} #/g" ${file1Name}
else
# Keep old value
sed -i "s/.*${variableName}.*/export ${variableName}=${variableValue}/g" ${file1Name}
fi
else
# If there are custom values added by the client manually we should save them and add again to the file at the bottom of it
echo "$line" >> /tmp/custom_values
fi
done < ${backupLocationFile}
# If file is not empty [custom_values], add values at the end of the existing file
if [ -s "/tmp/custom_values" ]; then
echo -e "nn" >> ${file1Name}
echo "#################################" >> ${file1Name}
echo "# Values added manually by client" >> ${file1Name}
echo "#################################" >> ${file1Name}
cat ${file1Name} /tmp/custom_values > /tmp/file2
# Move created file to the file1Name
mv /tmp/file2 ${file1Name}
# cleanup
rm -rf /tmp/custom_values
fi
这个将保持变量名称的顺序，如果有，它将保留注释