如何解决尝试使用 rmsprop 优化器时的"TypeError: 'module' object is not callable"问题？

Question

这是我试图建立的神经网络的代码：

from keras import layers
from keras import models
from keras import optimizers
from keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator
train_dir = 'C:/Users/BaskaranBadr/Documents/Deep Learning/cats_and_dogs_small/train'
validation_dir = 'C:/Users/BaskaranBadr/Documents/Deep Learning/cats_and_dogs_small/validation'
model = models.Sequential()
model.add(layers.Conv2D(32, (3,3), activation='relu', input_shape = (150,150,3)))
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2,2)))
model.add(layers.Conv2D(64, (3,3), activation='relu', input_shape = (150,150,3)))
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2,2)))
model.add(layers.Conv2D(128, (3,3), activation='relu', input_shape = (150,150,3)))
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2,2)))
model.add(layers.Conv2D(128, (3,3), activation='relu', input_shape = (150,150,3)))
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2,2)))
model.add(layers.Flatten())
model.add(layers.Dense(512, activation='relu'))
model.add(layers.Dense(1, activation='sigmoid'))

model.compile(loss='binarycrossentropy', optimizer=optimizers.rmsprop_v2(lr=0.0001), metrics = ['acc'])

我一直得到的错误是：

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:UsersBaskaranBadrDocumentsDeep LearningCatDogClassifier.py", line 24, in <module>
model.compile(loss='binarycrossentropy', optimizer=optimizers.rmsprop_v2(lr=0.0001), metrics = ['acc'])
TypeError: 'module' object is not callable

Answer 1

rmsprop_v2只是optimizers包中rmsprop模块的别名(请参阅GitHub上的keras(。你不应该使用这个别名。只是

from keras import optimizers

然后

opt = optimizers.RMSprop(learning_rate=0.0001)
model.compile(loss='binarycrossentropy', optimizer=opt, metrics = ['acc'])

Answer 2

我不知道rmsprop_v2是否存在，或者它是keras.optimizer_v2的rmsprop，你可以查看keras的这个链接
如果您想使用RMSprop，可以按照以下方式操作：

import tensorflow as tf
optim = tf.keras.optimizers.RMSprop(lr=0.0001)
model.compile(loss='binarycrossentropy', optimizer=optim, metrics = ['acc'])

Answer 3

要访问Tensorflow 1中的Keras，请使用"import Keras"。使用tensorflow 2时，大多数较旧的代码和教程需要将其导入重写为"from tensorflow.keras import X"。

用途：

from tensorflow.keras.optimizers import RMSprop